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Biomedical subjects

J-H Kim

Publications and source records attributed to J-H Kim.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Microinjection of CART peptide 55-102 into the nucleus accumbens blocks amphetamine-induced locomotion.

The role played by the biologically active CART 55-102 peptide in NAcc AMPH induced locomotion was investigated. When microinjected alone into this site, none of the doses of CART 55-102 tested (0.1, 0.4, 1.0 or 2.5 microg/0.5 microl/side) produced effects on locomotion during a two-h test. However, when co-injected with AMPH (2.5 microg/0.5 microl/side) into the NAcc, moderately high (2.5 microg/side) and middle to high (0.4-2.5 microg/side) doses of CART 55-102 significantly attenuated the effects of AMPH on locomotion and rearing, respectively. These results indicate that CART peptides can exert an antagonistic effect on the generation of locomotion by AMPH in the NAcc.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed2003

Identification of a novel BMPR1A germline mutation in a Korean juvenile polyposis patient without SMAD4 mutation.

Juvenile polyposis (JP) is characterized by the development of multiple hamartomatous polyps and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Germline mutations of the SMAD4 gene have been reported in JP. We have previously identified three SMAD4 germline mutations in five Korean JP patients. Recently, germline mutations of the BMPR1A (ALK3) gene were reported in JP cases without SMAD4 mutations. In order to determine whether BMPR1A could be involved in the development of JP, we screened all five patients using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis. We found that one patient had a BMPR1A germline mutation without a SMAD4 mutation. This patient harbored a novel missense mutation (M470T) in exon 10. After close clinico-pathological examination, one patient who was previously diagnosed to have JP was excluded from the JP group. In total, all four Korean JP patients had either the SMAD4 or the BMPR1A mutation, with three having SMAD4 germline mutations and one carrying a BMPR1A germline mutation.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed2003

MR findings of desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy.

Desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy (DCAI) presents as a large supratentorial mass consisting of a central cystic component and an enhancing solid component associated with peripheral dural attachment. We report the unusual MR findings of a DCAI that differed from previously reported cases in terms of the presence of calcification, which is not considered a feature of this tumor, and the absence of an enhancing peripheral dural component.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed2003

Pulmonary nodule detection using chest CT images.

PURPOSE: Automated methods for the detection of pulmonary nodules and nodule volume calculation on CT are described. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gray-level threshold methods were used to segment the thorax from the background and then the lung parenchyma from the thoracic wall and mediastinum. A deformable model was applied to segment the lung boundaries, and the segmentation results were compared with the thresholding method. The lesions that had high gray values were extracted from the segmented lung parenchyma. The selected lesions included nodules, blood vessels and partial volume effects. The discriminating features such as size, solid shape, average, standard deviation and correlation coefficient of selected lesions were used to distinguish true nodules from pseudolesions. With texture features of true nodules, the contour-following method, which tracks the segmented lung boundaries, was applied to detect juxtapleural nodules that were contiguous to the pleural surface. Volume and circularity calculations were performed for each identified nodule. The identified nodules were sorted in descending order of volume. These methods were applied to 827 image slices of 24 cases. RESULTS: Computer-aided diagnosis gave a nodule detection sensitivity of 96% and no false-positive findings. CONCLUSION: The computer-aided diagnosis scheme was useful for pulmonary nodule detection and gave characteristics of detected nodules.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2002

Optimization of fed-batch fermentation for xylitol production by Candida tropicalis.

Xylitol, a functional sweetener, was produced from xylose by biological conversion using Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803. Based on a two-substrate fermentation using glucose for cell growth and xylose for xylitol production, fed-batch fermentations were undertaken to increase the final xylitol concentration. The effects of xylose and xylitol on xylitol production rate were studied to determine the optimum concentrations for fed-batch fermentation. Xylose concentration in the medium (100 g l(-1)) and less than 200 g l(-1) total xylose plus xylitol concentration were determined as optimum for maximum xylitol production rate and xylitol yield. Increasing the concentrations of xylose and xylitol decreased the rate and yield of xylitol production and the specific cell growth rate, probably because of an increase in osmotic stress that would interfere with xylose transport, xylitol flux to secretion to cell metabolism. The feeding rate of xylose solution during the fed-batch mode of operation was determined by using the mass balance equations and kinetic parameters involved in the equations in order to increase final xylitol concentration without affecting xylitol and productivity. The optimized fed-batch fermentation resulted in 187 g l(-1) xylitol concentration, 0.75 g xylitol g xylose(-1) xylitol yield and 3.9 g xylitol l(-1) h(-1) volumetric productivity.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed2002

Diagnostic survey of bovine abortion in Korea: with special emphasis on Neospora caninum.

Causes of bovine abortion were surveyed in Korea within a designated period from the cases submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. One hundred and eighty aborted fetuses and maternal sera were evaluated by necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology, virology, PCR, and serologic tests. The causes of abortion were identified in 108 (60%) cases, of which 38 (21.1%) were due to the infection with Neospora caninum. None of the 38 cases showed any co-infection with either virus or bacteria. Viral and bacterial causes were diagnosed in 28 (15.5%) and 13 (7.2%) aborted fetuses, respectively. Non-infectious causes such as multiple pregnancy, maternal weakness or torsion of umbilical cord were observed in 22 (12.3%) cases. Results of the present study suggest that N. caninum is believed to be the leading cause of bovine abortion in Korea. Thus, more attention should be paid to this emerging disease in Korea. However, the causes of many aborted fetuses remain undiagnosed in this study. Therefore, this enigma should be clarified through further studies such as chromosomal analysis.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonradical treatment is as effective as radical surgery in the management of cervical cancer stage IA1.

This study was designed to evaluate a series of patients who underwent surgical management due to cervical cancer stage IA1 fitting the 1995 FIGO definition. A total of 149 patients were followed from 3 years to 11.7 years with a median follow-up interval of 5 years. The cases with invasions of < or = 1 mm and > 1 mm but < or = 3 mm were noted in 89 (59.7%) and 60 (41.3%) patients, respectively. Lymphvascular space invasion was identified in five patients. In 49 patients, conization or nonradical hysterectomy was performed without pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) and pelvic recurrence developed in one patient who had an extended hysterectomy. PLND was performed in 100 patients and the average number of lymph nodes examined per case was 26.5 +/- 10.1. None of the 100 patients had metastasis to the pelvic lymph node and recurrence. None of the 149 patients has died from recurrent disease. In conclusion, this study suggests that patients with cervical cancer stage IA1 have an extremely low risk of pelvic lymph node metastasis, very rarely recur, and present an excellent prognosis, so nonradical management that excludes PLND could be as effective as radical surgery in these patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy versus abdominal hysterectomy in patients with stage I and II endometrial cancer.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery with those of conventional abdominal surgery in patients with early endometrial cancer. From 1997 to 2003, 79 patients underwent laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy with or without lymphadenectomy. Laparoscopy was performed on patients deemed clinical stage I in preoperative studies. Of the 79 patients, 74 found to be surgical stage I or II were enrolled in the comparative study. As a control group, we selected 168 laparotomy cases at the same disease stage as the laparoscopy group. Operation time, amount of blood transfusion, and hemoglobin changes were similar for both groups. In the laparoscopy group, the number of lymph nodes obtained was significantly higher, and the number of postoperative complications was lower compared to the laparotomy group. The hospital stay was significantly shorter for laparoscopy group. Three-year recurrence-free survival rates were similar, being 97.5% for the laparoscopy group and 98.6% for the laparotomy group. We conclude that laparoscopic surgery for treatment of early endometrial cancer is a safe and effective alternative to laparotomy in terms of perioperative complications. Three-year recurrence-free survival did not differ significantly between the groups. However, long-term survival and risk of recurrence have yet to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of fresh gas flow on isoflurane concentrations during low-flow anaesthesia.

The effect of fresh gas flow (FGF) on isoflurane concentrations at given vaporizer settings during low-flow anaesthesia was investigated. Ninety patients (American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I or II) were randomly allocated to three groups (FGF 1 l/min, FGF 2 l/min and FGF 4 l/min). Anaesthesia was maintained for 10 min with vaporizer setting isoflurane 2 vol% and FGF 4 l/min for full-tissue anaesthetic uptake in a semi-closed circle system. Low-flow anaesthesia was maintained for 20 min with end-tidal isoflurane 1.5 vol% and FGF 2 l/min. FGF was then changed to FGF 1 l/min, FGF 2 l/min or FGF 4 l/min. Measurements during the 20-min period showed that inspired and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations decreased in the FGF 1-l/min group but increased in the FGF 4-l/min group compared with baseline values. No haemodynamic changes were observed. Monitoring of anaesthetic concentrations and appropriate control of vaporizer settings are necessary during low-flow anaesthesia.

Adult↗