[Sharp increase in the number of deaths due to tobacco in The Netherlands].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J van Reek.
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The smoking control, policy implemented at a Barcelona hospital over a 3-year period resulted in a reduction of smoking in the hospital and a raised awareness of the exemplary role health professionals can have. However, participation by health professionals in the project decreased over the 3-year period. Although reduced, the smoking rate in the hospital still is at a high level; this should trigger health professionals to further exploit their potential in smoking reduction efforts.
The purpose is to describe smoking behaviour of physicians and of the general population in the Scandinavian countries. Data on smoking behaviour in physicians and in the population at large were collected from 14 surveys. The smoking prevalence dropped among male and female physicians in the period under study. Changes for the general male population were similar, but smoking among the general female population changed little. If the present changes continue, physicians could be a smokefree profession by the year 2000.
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General practitioners' smoking behaviour in The Netherlands is described on the basis of survey data collected in the period 1983-1988. Until 1983 a large majority of the Dutch family physicians were smokers (1957: 82%, 1983: 56%). The smoking prevalence then was higher among physicians than among the male population. After 1983 a new development set in. Three inquiries showed that among Dutch physicians the smoking prevalence in 1988 was lower than that among the male general population (29 versus 37%). Dutch family physicians have stopped smoking to a larger extent than the physicians in any other EC-country (43% ex-smokers). Young entry-level doctors more and more tend to be never-smokers.
Data presented are based on more than one hundred surveys on physicians' smoking, carried out in 31 countries since 1951. Prevalences by gender are shown in two figures. For 13 countries, it is possible to compare the trend in smoking prevalence among physicians with the trend among the general population. In ten countries, smoking prevalences decreased over time for male physicians and the general population. This suggests a positive influence of the physicians' example in those countries.
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Between 1977 and 1983 roughly half of the Dutch general practitioners were smokers. The percentage of smokers was decreasing, both among general practitioners and in the general Dutch population. The number of smoking male general practitioners was higher than for men in general and considerably higher than in the highest socioeconomic bracket. Among general practitioners the daily consumption of manufactured and handrolled cigarettes was lower while the cigar consumption was higher. In most countries physician smoking behaviour antedates that of the general population but in Holland general practitioners' smoking habits are about four years behind that of the general population. It seems that Dutch general practitioners attribute little value to the role of setting an example in health behaviour, especially where it concerns their own smoking habits.
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