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Biomedical subjects

J van Eys

Publications and source records attributed to J van Eys.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Metabolism of xylitol and glucose in rats bearing hepatocellular.

The variation in metabolism of glucose and xylitol by diverse rat hepatocellular carcinomas and partially hepatectomized rat livers was studied. The AS-30D and FB56 tumors demonstrated a significantly different degree of utilization of glucose and xylitol in vitro. This correlated partially with the low activity of polyol dehydrogenase when xylitol was used as a substrate. The activity ofa nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent polyol dehydrogenase in various hepatomas ranged from nondetectable to 30 nmol/min/mg protein, with the lower activities in FB56 and AS-30D tumors at 0 and 0.22 nmol/min/mg, respectively; while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase activities ranged from 0 to FB56 to 3.31 nmol/min/mg protein in liver regenerated for 1 week. The activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent enzyme for normal liver and AS-30D tumors measured 2.2 and 0.14 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Although only the 311C tumor had an activity equivalent to that of normal liver, the range of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent polyol dehydrogenase activities among the cell lines studies is narrow. The ratios of metabolites of [14C]glucose or [14C]xylitol were determined in rats bearing AS-30D tumors. Animals were given i.v. injections of a 10% solution of [14C]glucose or [14C]xylitol, 2 g/kg body weight. Assays of neutral sugar metabolites from each substrate in the acid-soluble fraction of liver or AS-30D tumor showed that xylitol in the liver was converted primarily into glucose while in the tumor 80 to 90% of the xylitol remained unchanged. This hepatocellular carcinoma is also markedly deficient in the ability to synthesize acid-insoluble glycogen and glycoprotein from xylitol as compared to the liver.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1980

A clinical trial of hyperalimentation in children with metastatic malignancies.

In a controlled, randomized prospective clinical trial the utility of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) in the administration of and tolerance to chemotherapy was tested. The conclusions reached were 1) IVH is safe with a tolerable infection rate; 2) infectious complications correlate significantly with the nutritional status of the patient, with the presence of IVH being only a secondary factor; 3) IVH may be used to rehabilitate patients nutritionally, even those on intensive chemotherapy; 4) the ability to deliver chemotherapy to patients seems to be improved by IVH, especially in malnourished patients in a late stage of disease.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Effect of ascorbic acid in vitro on lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens.

The direct effects of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in vitro on human lymphocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation were determined. Cells exposed to physiologic and high concentrations of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid showed poorer tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation than controls without the vitamin. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent, with the greatest inhibition occurring as the concentration of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid was increased. At supraoptimal concentrations of PHA and Con A, there was no recovery of the mitogen response, indicating that ascorbic acid did not inhibit the response by competition. Viability studies of cells in culture showed that concentrations of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid, which consistently inhibited mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes, were noncytotoxic throughout the culture period. Timed addition of ascorbic acid to PHA-stimulated lymphocytes in culture demonstrated inhibition of [3H]TdR incorporation when ascorbic acid was added as late as 96 hours after initiation of culture. However, the greatest inhibitory effect was observed when ascorbic acid was added at initiation or early in culture. Inhibition was also evident when RNA and protein synthesis were determined. The results suggest that physiologic and high concentrations of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid affect early metabolic events in the process of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte activation.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1980

A unique surface marker profile in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.

A 5-yr-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia presented with moderate hepatomegaly, marked splenomegaly, but no evidence of a mediastinal mass. The peripheral blood white count was 270 x 10(9)/liter with 99% leukemic cells. Surface marker analysis showed the lymphoblasts to be E-rosette negative and complement receptor positive. The patient's leukemic cells were unreactive with anti-p23,30, which detects Ia-like antigens, and strongly reactive with A99 anti-T-cell serum, which reacts with normal human thymocytes and peripheral blood T cells. The percentage of leukemic cells bearing complement receptors diminished during relapse. The leukemic cells obtained at diagnosis and during relapse were nonreactive to mitogens and alloantigens and failed to stimulate proliferation of normal lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture. There was no evidence for active suppression of normal lymphocyte reactivity mediated by the leukemic cells. The surface marker and functional profile of these leukemic cells is consistent with that of an early stage in T-cell maturation.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1979

Malnutrition in children with cancer: incidence and consequence.

Overt malnutrition in children with cancer is seen with surprising frequency: up to 37.5% in a group of patients with disease metastatic to or from bone, and 17.5% in a group of newly diagnosed patients with abdominal or pelvic tumors. It appears more frequent in some cancers. e.g., Ewing's sarcoma, than in others, e.g., osteosarcoma. Criteria for diagnosis of overt malnutrition are applicable to the child with cancer. Such overt malnutrition can be successfully and safely treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Marginal malnutrition is a state that can be inferred from clinical behavior, although it cannot be objectively diagnosed as yet. Early data suggest that deterioration to overt malnutrition can be averted through IVH. Such nutritional intervention may increase chemotherapeutic tolerance and improve immune defenses. Since childhood cancer is beginning to frequently show excellent outcome, the association of malnutrition with progressive disease strongly suggests investigation of the role of nutritional support.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1979

Current concepts of bacteremia in children with malignancies.

One hundred fifteen episodes of bacteremia occurred among 2790 children with malignancies hospitalized during a 45-month period. The mean age was 9.3 years with a male predilection (62%). A greater (p less than .025) number of children over 10 years of age died with bacteremia when compared to younger children. The majority of episodes occurred in children with leukemia (56%); however, once bacteremia developed, a significantly (p less than .05) greater number of children with lymphoma died when compared to children with other malignancies. Absolute polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts were greater in survivors (p less than .025) than in children who died. Thirty-seven different microorganisms were isolated with E. coli, S. Aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae accounting for 50% of the episodes. Anaerobes were isolated from blood of 12 (10%) children. Twelve children had polymicrobial bacteremia and 14 had recurrent bacteremia which occurred during antibiotic therapy. Mortality (78%) in these children was significantly (p less than .001) greater then in children from whom one microorganism was isolated (47%). Interesting aspects include the resurgence of S. aureus, failure of development of meningitis in children with bacteremia, and unchanged antibiotic susceptibility since the last review of bacteremia in this institution. Polymicrobial and recurrent bacteremia necessitate obtaining simultaneous and sequential blood cultures to facilitate administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy until bone marrow function improves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Combination chemotherapy with MOPP in children with recurrent brain tumors.

Twenty-three children with CNS tumors were treated with combination chemotherapy including nitrogen mustard, vincristine sulfate, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP). All but one had progressive or recurrent tumors following surgery and irradiation. In addition, nine of these patients had prior chemotherapy. Seventeen out of 23 patients (73.4%) responded to MOPP chemotherapy including seven patients who had prior chemotherapy with single or multiple agents such as VCR, nitrosoureas, intrathecal methotrexate, and VM-26. Three comatose patients who were being kept on Decadron without benefit recovered from coma. At the time of this report 8 of the 17 responders are surviving without evidence of recurrence 7--30 months from the start of MOPP chemotherapy. In two of these children chemotherapy has been completely stopped.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Clinical pharmacology of tobramycin in children.

The pharmacokinetics of tobramycin were evaluated in 50 pediatric patients (two to 18 years of age) with malignancies and normal renal function. Patients receiving either 240 or 300 mg/m2 per 24 hr (8 or 10 mg/kg per 24 hr) divided into doses given every 4 hr had peak serum concentrations (mean +/- standard error) of 3.10 +/- 0.23 microgram/ml and 4.23 +/- 0.25 microgram/ml, respectively, at the end of a 1-hr infusion. Serum concentrations at 4 hr were 0.82 +/- 0.15 and 1.05 +/- 0.15 microgram/ml, respectively. The half-life of the drug was 96.6 min and was inversely correlated with age of the patients. The total clearance rate of tobramycin was 164 +/- 15 mg/min per 1.73 m2 and was directly correlated with age. The mean volume of distribution was 0.42 +/- 0.038 liter/kg and was inversely correlated with age. No accumulation of tobramycin was noted, and no side effects occurred. If therapeutic serum concentrations of tobramycin are to be achieved and maintained in children, the currently recommended dose and frequency of administration should be changed to 300 mg/m2 per 24 hr given in divided doses every 4 hr.

Adolescent↗