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Biomedical subjects

J Zhu

Publications and source records attributed to J Zhu.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Interphase cytogenetic studies of human X chromosome].

The chromosome in situ hybridization with human X chromosome alpha satellite DNA probe (pBamX7) on human lymphocyte metaphases and interphase nuclei was performed for interphase cytogenetic studies. The individuals with numerical or structural abnormalities of X chromosome were studied. The results showed that the probe hybridized specifically to the centromeric region (p11----q11) of X chromosome. The number of silver grain clusters in interphase nuclei was correlated with that of X chromosome. Most of the clusters located near the nuclear membrane where inactive X chromatins (Barr-bodies) were usually found. The method of ascertaining the number of X chromosomes by in situ hybridization was much more reliable than that by counting the number of Barr-bodies. The modified R-banding technique was introduced and the significance of this work was also discussed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1991

Hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic principles in Terminalia oblongata.

A study was conducted to identify and characterise the toxic principle in Terminalia oblongata, commonly known as yellow-wood. Crude aqueous extracts of yellow-wood leaf were found to produce the same liver lesion in mice as has been reported in ruminants. The hepatotoxic fraction was isolated and identified as a hydrolysable vegetable tannin called punicalagin. When given orally, the dose required to produce toxicity was at least 20 times greater than when given intraperitoneally. Following a given dose of punicalagin, the onset and severity of liver necrosis was found to be related to the time interval after dosing. In addition to punicalagin, an unidentified nephrotoxic substance was found which was capable of producing avascular renal necrosis without liver necrosis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

The no-scalpel vasectomy.

A refined method of delivering the vas deferens for vasectomy has been developed and used in China since 1974. This method eliminates the scalpel, results in fewer hematomas and infections, and leaves a smaller wound than conventional techniques. An extracutaneous fixation ring clamp encircles and firmly secures the vas without penetrating the skin. A sharp curved hemostat punctures and dilates the scrotal skin and vas sheath. The vas is delivered, cleaned and occluded by the surgeon's preferred technique. The contralateral vas is delivered through the same opening. The puncture wound contracts to about 2 mm., is not visible to the man and requires no sutures for closure. The reported incidence of hematoma in 179,741 men followed in China was 0.09%. No hematomas or infections were identified in the first 273 procedures performed by a surgeon in the United States. The operating time in China and for the last 50 United States procedures has ranged from 5 to 11 minutes. The disadvantage of the technique is the hand-on training and number of cases necessary to gain proficiency. However, the advantages for surgeons and patients should enhance the popularity of vasectomy.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1991

Transnasal butorphanol: a new method for pain relief in post-cesarean section pain.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of transnasal butorphanol (TNB) compared to intravenous butorphanol (IVB) in 186 patients experiencing moderate to severe post-cesarean section pain. Patients were randomly assigned to five groups in a double-blind fashion: Group I (n = 37) received 2 mg IVB, Group II (n = 38) 2 mg TNB, Group III (n = 36) 1 mg TNB followed by a repeat dose of 1 mg TNB at 60 min, Group IV (n = 38) 0.5 mg TNB followed by a repeat dose of 0.5 mg at 60 min, and Group V (n = 37) received placebo. All administrations were double dummy. Pain intensity and relief were noted and the incidence of side effects was recorded. Remedication with the same study drug was allowed up to 72 h. Onset of analgesia was more rapid in the 2 mg IV group compared to the three TN groups: 5 min vs 15 min, respectively. However, the 2 mg and the 1-1 mg TN groups had a longer duration of analgesia, approximately 4.5 h, compared to 3.0 h for the 2 mg IV group (P less than 0.05). Somnolence was dose related and was the most frequent side effect, and was less frequent when the TN dose was divided into 2 doses administered 1 h apart. Multiple doses of TNB and IVB were safe and clinically acceptable up to 3 days at all doses studied. There were no incidences of nasal mucosa irritation, or cardiovascular or respiratory depression. It is concluded that transnasal butorphanol represents a safe and effective alternative to injectable butorphanol for post-cesarean section pain and offers a better and longer duration of analgesia compared to IV butorphanol. The optimum dose seems to be 2 mg TN butorphanol and it is tolerated better when divided into 1 mg increments, given 1 h apart.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1991

An interpretation of the Hill equation: time course of diuretic response after furosemide administration in man.

Response function, which correlates pharmacologic response intensity and the drug concentration, is defined assuming that the biophase (or the site of action) is consisted of the elements responsive to the drug, each of which is in a responding or non-responding state depending on the drug concentration in the biophase. The Hill equation, which has been widely used without a definite rationale, for correlation between pharmacologic response intensity and drug concentration is revealed as an approximate equation of the response function. Diuretic data obtained after administration of furosemide and reported previously are used for conformity assessment of the response function.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

[Disturbance of immunoregulation in experimental allergic neuritis in rabbits: II. The relationship between the changes in CSF and serum serotonin concentrations and immune responses].

The serotonin (5-HT) concentrations in the CSF and serum of the rabbits with experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) were determined. The relationships between the 5-HT concentrations and the rate of the specific lymphocyte transformation as well as that of the formation of the antimyelin antibody were investigated. The results indicated that after the rabbits were sensitized with myelin basic protein (MBP), the 5-HT levels in the CSF and serum of the rabbits with EAN increased. It was, therefore, considered that 5-HT might play a role in the inhibition of the lymphocyte transformation and the antibody production.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction.

The efficacy and safety of intravenously administered recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp.) was investigated in 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). rt-PA was given as a 10 mg bolus dose followed by infusions of 50 mg, 20 mg and 20 mg in three successive hours. All patients underwent baseline coronary angiography before thrombolytic therapy. Ninety minutes after the initiation of rt-PA infusion, recanalization of infarct-related coronary arteries as confirmed by angiography was achieved in 7 patients. The largest reduction in circulating fibrinogen was observed 4 to 6 h after the start of rt-PA infusion--14.3%. Moderate hemorrhage at the sites of arterial puncture occurred in 2 cases, probably as a result of heparin anticoagulation. No other side effects occurred. So rt-PA is an effective and safe thrombolytic agent.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Ventricular aneurysm: an angiographic study of 59 cases.

Cine-coronary arteriography in 186 consecutive patients with coronary heart disease demonstrated 109 cases with transmural infarctions, among which 59 revealed ventricular aneurysm (true 57, false 2). Twenty-eight cases underwent aneurysmectomy and 1 autopsy was performed. The anterolateral wall and/or apex of the left ventricle were involved in all 57 true cases of ventricular aneurysm. Single, double and triple vessel diseases of the coronary arteries were found in 29/57 (50.9%), 11/57 (19.3%) and 13/57 (22.8%), respectively. The anterior descending artery (LAD) was involved in 53 of the 57 cases (92.9%). In two cases with false ventricular aneurysm, the postero-lateral wall of the left ventricle was involved in one and the right ventricular wall in the other. Single vessel disease of the right coronary artery and the left circumflex branch was found respectively in the two cases. The problems of angiographic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the true and false ventricular aneurysm are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Case-control study on pathogenesis of pneumonia in children aged 0-2 years.

In order to know the incidence of risk factors predisposing children to pneumonia, case control study was carried out in six MCH Model Counties in 1986. Single factor analysis showed 29 factors were responsible for the increasing incidence of pneumonia. 13 of 29 factors were major pneumonia risk factors by the standard of means greater than 15 and OR greater than 3. They were malnutrition, anemia, riskets, pneumonia history, repeated colds, chronic diarrhoea, congenital malformation, asphyxia neonatorum, amniotic fluid aspiration, artificial feeding, too much clothing, family member with acute respiratory illness (ARI) and contact with ARI patients. Among them 7 factors were related to individual health condition. Therefore, it is important to improve general health of children so as to reduce the incidence of pneumonia.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1990

Prophylactic oral naltrexone with intrathecal morphine for cesarean section: effects on adverse reactions and analgesia.

The influence of two different doses of oral naltrexone on the adverse effects and the analgesia associated with intrathecal morphine was compared in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Thirty-five patients undergoing cesarean section were provided postoperative analgesia by 0.25 mg intrathecal morphine. Sixty minutes later they were given 6 mg naltrexone, 3 mg naltrexone, or placebo as an oral solution. Pain relief was assessed by the Visual Analog Scale. Requirements for additional analgesics and side effects were recorded. Duration of analgesia was shorter in the 3- and 6-mg naltrexone groups than in the placebo group, 10.0 +/- 2.6, 12.4 +/- 2.6, and 19.2 +/- 4.5 h (mean +/- SEM), respectively, but values did not reach statistical significance. The incidence of pruritus and vomiting was significantly less in the 6-mg naltrexone group than in the other two groups (P less than 0.05). Somnolence was significantly less in the 3- and 6-mg naltrexone groups than in the placebo group (P less than 0.05). Naltrexone (6 mg) is an effective oral prophylactic against the pruritus and vomiting associated with intrathecal morphine for analgesia after cesarean section, but it is associated with shorter duration of analgesia.

Administration, Oral↗