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Biomedical subjects

J Zhu

Publications and source records attributed to J Zhu.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Influence of bitumen on burn wounds and their surrounding skin in guinea-pigs].

This study assessed the topical effects of bitumen on burn wounds and their surrounding skin in guinea-pigs. It consisted of three different experiments. The bitumen used in this experiment was a soft tar produced by Daye Steel Plant. The first experiment showed that the skin of the bitumen group marked pathological changes under both light and electron microscopes. The second experiment suggested that healing of the burn wounds of bitumen group was delayed, and less hair follicle counts and a lower intradermal thickness were found as compared with the other groups. The third experiment indicated that the wound edges had been seriously destroyed by bitumen, leading to enlargement of the size of the ulcers, and hypertrophy of scar occurred after healing. It is concluded that bitumen, especially the soft coal tar, has more errosive, irritating and destructive effects, therefore in bitumen burns the bitumen must be immediately and entirely removed from burn wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Serum adrenaline and noradrenaline levels in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension].

High Pressure Liquid chromatography was used to measure serum adrenaline (E) and noradrenaline (NE) concentrations in 38 portal hypertensive patients, 28 idiopathic hypertensive patients, and 34 controls, respectively. It was found that peripheral E in portal hypertensive patients and controls was 57.5 +/- 37.4 pg/ml and 23.5 +/- 11.2 pg/ml respectively (P < 0.01), and peripheral NE was 451.1 +/- 381.2 pg/ml and 183.0 +/- 83.3 pg/ml (P < 0.01). Compared with controls, peripheral E and NE in idiopathic hypertensive patients were also significantly increased (54.9 +/- 39.9 pg/ml vs. 23.6 +/- 11.2 pg/ml, P < 0.01, and 524.3 +/- 219.9 pg/ml vs. 183.0 +/- 83.3 pg/ml, P < 0.01). E and NE in superior vena cava (SVC), portal vein, and peripheral artery in portal hypertensive patients were also increased, but only the elevation of E in SVC was significant (207.2 +/- 55.4 pg/ml vs. 83.7 +/- 46.7 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Our results reveal significant metabolic disorders of E and NE in portal hypertensive patients, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical treatment of difficult patent ductus arteriosus and related operative complications].

Sixty-nine patients with difficult patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were retrospectively studied. The PDA included window type (9 patients), aneurysms of the ductus arteriosus(13), large ductus(15), false aneurysms(3), calcified(3), recurrence of ductal patency(5), endarteritis(5) and severe pulmonary hypertension(16). Surgical procedures included ligation of PDA in 51 patients, ligation with Dacron pledget or ribbon in 9, division of PDA under temporary cardiopulmonary bypass in 5. Ruptures of PDA or aorta in 4 patients were repaired respectively with Dacron patch(2) and conduit (2). There were 2 early deaths (2.9%). The mean follow-up was 119 months clinically. All surviors were free from symptoms andcardiac murmur. We conclude that satisfied surgical results rely mainly on proper operative techniques according to different situations of difficult PDA. Surgical correction with Dacron patch or conduit seems to be a simple, safte and reliable method in dealing with the rupture of PDA or aorta.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Mesh-like tubular stent treatment for chronic urinary retention caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy].

42 patients with chronic urinary retention caused by BPH were treated by means of Mesh-like tubular stent placing from August 1993 to August 1994. The mesh-like tubular stent was made of nickel titanium alloy in sizes of 2.0 x 1.5 cm, 2.5 x 1.5 cm, 3.0 x 1.5 cm respectively. Under direct vision the stent was placed with the deployment tool. The desirable position of the stent is 0.3-0.5 cm proximal to the internal urethral orifice, 0.5 cm distal to the verumontanum. In 38 patients followed up for 1-6 months, 34 were succesful with an effective rate of 80%. IPSS, PUFR, RUV after 1, 3, 6 months of placement were 8.5 +/- 4.4, 6.8 +/- 3.5, 7.1 +/- 5.2; 12.5 +/- 6.0 ml/s, 14.0 +/- 5.2 ml/s, 14.4 +/- 8.1 ml/s; 43 +/- 11.5 ml, 47.4 +/- 13.3 ml, 44.5 +/- 15.7 ml respectively. Four stents were taken away transurethrally in the unsuccessful cases. The results indicat that there are no serious complications except for shorttime hematuria, fever, and bladder irritation. The success depends chiefly upon exactly meassuring the length of prostatic urethra, selecting the rational size of the stent, and correctly placing the stent.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Studies on the expression of desmin and myosin in experimental astrogliosis].

The dynamic changes of desmin and myosin in rat brain at different periods after stab wound were studied by immunohistochemistry and quantitation methods. The expression of desmin in astrocytes markedly increased and reached its peak on the 7th day and maintained this high level up to 30 days. The zone of reactivity was initially limited to the wound vicinity but spread with time to the entire ipsilateral cortex. The intensity weakened gradually with the increase of distance from the lesion. Myosin was positive mainly in the margin of the wound and partly in the molecular layer of the cortex. The results indicated that the enhancement of desmin expression was closely related to the reactive astrogliosis, whereas the expression of myosin may be a marker of astrocyte hyperplasia. The significance of these responses was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Influence of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. and rat serum containing same medicine on IL-1, IFN and TNF produced by rat Kupffer cells].

The results indicated that the levels of IL-1, IFN, and TNF, especially those of IL-1 and INF, produced by cultured rat kupffer cells were increased in the presence of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) or the drug serum (DS) from rats fed on CS. The experimental result of DS was similar to that of CS. However, the former had a better repeatability and stability.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Analysis of 822 infants with limb reduction defect in China].

This work is aimed at the basic condition of infants with limb reduction defect (LRD) in China. 822 cases of LRD occurring among 1,243,284 live and stillbirths of 28 or more gestation weeks in China from Oct. 1986 to Sept. 1987 were analysed. The overall prevalence of LRD was 6.6 per 10,000 ranging from 14.4 per 10,000 to 3.6 per 10,000. No sex difference was observed. The prevalence of LRD in infants with low birthweight was significantly higher than that in infants with normal birthweight (P < 0.001). Also the prevalence of LRD in rural area was higher than that in urban area (P < 0.001). Four-limb involvement was most common. The cases with only upper limb involvement (278/451, 61.6%) were significantly more prevalent than those with only lower limb involvement (173/451, 38.4%, P < 0.001), but no difference was found between the left LRD and right LRD (P > 0.05), nor was a significant difference noted between single LRD and multiple LRD. 75.8% of the infants with LRD had defects in other systems.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

[Sialochemistry in nonneoplastic diseases of parotid gland: immunoglobulins and electrolytes].

The concentration and total value of immunoglobulins (SIgA, IgG) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium and phosphorus) in mixed saliva were examined in 28 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), 25 with chronic obstructive parotitis (COP), 32 with sialadenosis and 32 normal controls. The results showed that in SS group, total saliva flow rate was decreased: concentration of SIgA, IgG, electrolytes was significantly elevated; but total value of SIgA, IgG, electrolytes was markedly decreased. Decreased total value of sodium, potassium, chlorine and calcium was revealed in COP group. Elevated concentration and total value of phosphorus was found in sialadenosis group. This study indicates that examination of total value of immunoglobins and electrolytes has greater value than that of concentration. The possible mechanism of changes observed is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Microcolony observation for rapid detection and identification of cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

219 sputa were seeded on Kuang's agar plates. A total of 112 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected in 219 specimens. Of these 112 isolates, 104 (92.8%) were detected in Kuang's agar media and 108 (96.4%) were detected by microcolony observation. The detection time of microcolony observation and culture method needed 11 and 18.6 days respectively. The detection time of microcolony method is much shorter (P < 0.001). The results of conventional tests of different species of Mycobacterium and microcolony differentiation were identical in 99% of isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1995

Effects of enalapril on heart rate variability in patients with congestive heart failure.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is characterized by sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal, and the magnitude of sympathoneural activation is associated with adverse outcome. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy has been shown to reduce mortality and improve prognosis in patients with CHF, but whether this therapy improves cardiac autonomic control is not well known. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examines the effects of enalapril on autonomic control in 12 patients with mild to moderate CHF by heart rate variability analysis. Compared with placebo, enalapril increased the SD of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) from 39 +/- 13 to 48 +/- 15 ms (p < 0.01), the SD of the average RR intervals for all 5-minute segments from 33 +/- 12 to 42 +/- 15 ms (p < 0.01), and the mean of the SDs of all RR intervals for all 5-minute segments (SDNN index) from 19 +/- 5 to 23 +/- 6 ms (p < 0.01). The root-mean-square successive differences and the percent differences between adjacent RR intervals > 50 ms were also increased from 17 +/- 8 to 21 +/- 8 ms (p < 0.01) and from 1.1 +/- 2.1 to 2.8 +/- 2.9% (p < 0.05). In addition, total, low-frequency, and high-frequency power were increased from 560 +/- 349 to 786 +/- 504 ms2/Hz (p < 0.01), from 125 +/- 107 to 179 +/- 135 ms2/Hz (p < 0.01), and from 46 +/- 32 to 94 +/- 78 ms2/Hz (p < 0.01), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1995

Computerized microimage analysis of age-related changes of the human sinoatrial node.

This paper reports the age-related changes in the histological features of the sinoatrial node (SAN). The hearts of 106 persons dying at different ages (2 days-83 years), without clinical or pathological evidence of cardiac disease, were taken and divided into seven age-groups. Serial sections with a thickness of 2 microns, parallel to the long axis of the SAN, were prepared. Sections with the maximal area of the SAN were stained with hematoxylin/eosin (H & E) and Betty's method. The largest area of SAN were calculated by a computerized microimage analysis system. The age-related changes of the human SAN were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of meningiomas by methylation- and transcription-based clonality assays.

The clonal derivation of tumors can be determined by X chromosome inactivation analysis based on differential expression of genes or differential methylation of cytosine residues in CpG islands near polymorphic loci. In this report, we compared a transcription-based RNA analysis with a methylation-based DNA assay to determine clonality of meningiomas. Both clonality assays use PCR-based analysis at the hunan androgen-receptor gene (HUMARA) on the X chromosome. Among 23 meningiomas from female patients, 19 were informative heterozygotes at this locus (83%). The patterns of X chromosome inactivation in four patients were extremely skewed towards one allele in blood (unequal Lyonization), which precluded clonality determination in the tumor samples. Concordant clonality results with methylation- and transcription-based clonality assays were demonstrated in 9 of 13 informative tumors expressing the androgen receptor. Seven meningiomas were monoclonal, but surprisingly, two pathologically documented cases of meningiomas were polyclonal. There was disparity in 4 of 13 tumor specimens that were polyclonal by the methylation-based assay but monoclonal by the transcription assay. Clonality examination of these tumors by the methylation-based phosphoglycerate kinase assay provided identical results to the methylation-based analysis at the HUMARA locus. In addition, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies of chromosome 22, which is frequently deleted in meningiomas, showed that four of four informative samples of the six polyclonal tumors had partial LOH in tumor tissues. However, complete LOH was observed in primary cultured cells, which were also monoclonal by the methylation assay. Taken together, these data suggest that the disparity of the two assays in these four cases may be due to differences in the level of expression of the androgen receptor gene in tumors. Therefore, we conclude that: (a) clonal derivation of meningiomas determined by both transcription- and methylation-based clonality assays are in full agreement in many (9 of 13) but not all cases (4 of 13); and (b) most meningiomas (9 of 15) are monoclonal in origin, whereas some meningioma samples (6 of 15) are polyclonal or may contain heterogeneous components.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A model of protein synthesis based on cryo-electron microscopy of the E. coli ribosome.

The ribosome is formed by assembly of proteins and nucleic acids, and synthesizes proteins according to genetic instructions in all organisms. Many of the biochemical steps of this fundamental process are known, but a detailed understanding requires a well-defined structural model of the ribosome. Electron microscopy combined with image reconstruction of two-dimensional crystals or single ribosomes has been the most promising technique, but the resolution of the resulting models has been insufficient. Here we report a 25-A reconstruction of the ribosome from Escherichia coli, obtained by combining 4,300 projections of ice-embedded single particles. Our new reconstruction reveals a channel in the small ribosomal subunit and a bifurcating tunnel in the large subunit which may constitute pathways for the incoming message and the nascent polypeptide chain, respectively. Based on these new findings, a three-dimensional model of the basic framework of protein synthesis is presented.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of irreversible binding of beta-funaltrexamine to the cloned rat mu opioid receptor.

Binding of beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) to the cloned rat mu opioid receptor expressed in COS-1 cells or Chinese hamster ovary cells was examined. beta-FNA bound to the mu receptor with high affinity. Irreversible binding of [3H]beta-FNA was defined as the binding that could not be dissociated by trichloroacetic acid. Na+ greatly enhanced the specific irreversible binding of [3H]beta-FNA to the mu receptor, which was concentration- and time-dependent. Specific irreversible binding of [3H]beta-FNA was potently inhibited by CTAP (a mu ligand), but not by ICI174,864 (a delta ligand) or U50,488H (a kappa ligand). These results indicate that [3H]beta-FNA binds irreversibly to the cloned mu opioid receptor. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography showed that [3H]beta-FNA-labeled receptors migrated as one broad and diffuse band with a mass of 80 kDa in Chinese hamster ovary or COS cells and as one band with a mass of 67 kDa in the rat brain preparation. Upon removal of N-linked carbohydrates, labeled receptors became a sharper band with a mass of approximately 40 kDa. [3H]beta-FNA did not bind irreversibly to the cloned rat kappa receptor. [3H]beta-FNA binding to four chimeric mu/kappa receptors was examined. The region from the middle of the third intracellular loop to the C terminus of the mu receptor is necessary for irreversible binding of beta-FNA.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
PubMed1995

A preliminary study of skin electrical injury with computerized image analysis.

This paper reports the application of computerized image analysis to a quantitative study of skin electrical injury in order to provide an objective and quantitative standard for identifying the electrical mark. The differences between antemortem and postmortem electrical injuries were also studied. In normal and electrically-injured human skin, the long/short axes ratio of nuclei were measured. The mean of epithelial basal cells was 1.4344 and 5.9325, respectively, the mean of hair follicle cells was 1.6193 and 4.5988, respectively, and the mean of capillary endothelial cells was 4.0229 and 4.3593, respectively. In rat specimens, the long/short axes ratio of nuclei of normal skin, at 15 and 5 min ante-mortem and at 5 min postmortem injury, the mean epithelial basal cells was 1.4124, 4.5417, 5.2282 and 5.0447, respectively. The mean of hair follicle cells was 1.4140, 4.4863, 4.1146 and 4.4522, respectively, while the mean of capillary endothelial cells was 2.8398, 3.7514, 3.6159 and 3.6977, respectively. The results indicate that the differences between electrical injuries and normal skin with respect to the ratios of long/short axes of the epithelial basal cell nuclei and hair follicle cell nuclei are of remarkable significance. On the other hand, no significant difference could be found between antemortem and postmortem injuries, nor between electrical injury and normal skin, concerning the long/short axes ratios of capillary endothelial cell nuclei. This result provides a preliminary objective standard for the changes of electrical skin injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The third extracellular loop of the mu opioid receptor is important for agonist selectivity.

To investigate the interaction between the mu opioid receptor and its ligands, we compared the binding of mu-selective ligands to two mu/kappa chimeric opioid receptors and to mu and kappa receptors. The two chimeras were constructed from cloned rat mu and kappa receptors in which a segment from the middle of the third intracellular loop to the C terminus was exchanged. When this portion of the kappa receptor was replaced by that of the mu receptor, affinities of mu selective agonists, DAMGO (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMePhe-Gly-ol), PL017 (Tyr-Pro-NMePhe-D-Pro-NH2), sufentanil, and morphine, were greatly increased as compared to those for the kappa receptor. Conversely, when this region of the mu receptor was substituted by that of the kappa receptor, affinities for these agonists were substantially decreased as compared with those of the mu receptor. Unlike selective agonists, the mu-selective antagonist, CTAP (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-penicillamine-Thr-NH2), displayed a low affinity for both chimeric receptors, similar to that of the kappa receptor. Thus, the region from the middle of the third intracellular loop to the C terminus of the mu receptor is important for the binding of selective agonists. Conversely, the determinants for selective binding of the antagonist CTAP reside in a more extended region of the receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗