Coexistence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Alzheimer's disease in the same patient.
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Alzheimer Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
J Zhao
Publications and source records attributed to J Zhao.
[Establishment and biological characterization of a transplantable BALB/c mouse erythroblastic leukemia model].
OBJECTIVE: Biological characterization of a BALB/c mouse transplantable erythroblastic leukemia model EL9611. METHODS AND RESULTS: The original erythroblastic leukemia (EL) mouse was obtained by 7,12-DMBA induction. The spleen cell suspension from the original EL mouse was injected into the same inbred BALB/c strain mice. After successive transplantation for 20 generations, the incidence of EL was 100% without spontaneous remission. There was a linear relationship between the survival time of the EL mice and the number of leukemic cells inoculated. When 10(6) leukemic cells were inoculated intravenously, the EL mice survived 10.2 +/- 1.3 days. Invasion of leukemic cells involved mainly in the bone marrow, the spleen and the liver. There was no obvious infiltration of leukemic cells in lymph-nodes and thymus. In peripheral blood, there were a large number of leukemic cells and most of them were basophilic or polychromatophilic erythroblasts. At the advanced stage, the mice developed anemia and thrombocytopenia. The reaction of the leukemic cells for hemoglobin staining was positive or weakly positive. While the peroxydase reaction was negative, Thy-1 antigen and Fc-recepter were not presented. No virus-like particles was found in the cells under electron microscope. EL9611 leukemia model was sensitive to some antitumor drugs used in clinical therapy. CONCLUSION: The establishment of EL9611 leukemia model offered a useful tool for studying proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells, as well as pathogenesis and experimental treatment of non-virus erythroid malignancy.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
[Expression of opioid-receptor-like receptor (ORL1) gene in rat brain].
In situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probe was used to investigate the expression of opioid-receptor-like receptor (ORL1) gene in rat brain. It was observed that ORL1 mRNA is widely expressed in many regions of rat brain, particularly in cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, septum, habenula, periaqueducted gray, raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus structure. These findings suggest that ORL1 receptor may participate in modulating a number of physiological functions in the brain in addition to pain.
Animals↗
[The expression study of human stem cell factor (hSCF) in E. coli].
OBJECTIVE: To improve the expression level of recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF). METHODS: With PCR techniques and synthesized oligonucleotide as primers, the number of nucleotides between the SD sequence and the starting codon ATG of human stem cell factor cDNA was altered, and the preferable codons of E. coli in the N-terminal amino acid sequence were selected. RESULTS: SDS-PAGE electrophoresis indicated that the ratio of expressed rhSCF to total E. coli proteins increased from 12% to 40% by thermal inducing. With DNA sequencing, the reading frame of the gene was proved to be correct. The sequence of 17 N-terminal amino acids of purified recombinant hSCF has been proved to be identical to the natural hSCF, except the first amino acid-Met. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that the 5'-flanking region of hSCF cDNA plays an important role in its gene expression.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Determination of clozapine and its N-demethylated metabolite in serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring].
This article reports a highly sensitive method specific for determination of clozapine(CLP) and its N-demethylated metabolite (DCLP) in serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. A 0.5 mL serum was alkalized with 0.5 mL 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide and was extracted with 5 mL ether, then the organic phase was transferred to another tube containing 1 mL 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid. After being shaken and centrifuged, the organic phase was discarded, and 10 microL 100 micrograms/L diazepam (DAP) was added to the water phase as internal standard, then 0.5 mL 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide and 5 mL ether were added. The extract was evaporated to dryness and then was acylated with 50 microL trifluoroacetic anhydride under 50 degrees C for 45 min. The excess of the reagent was evaporated and the residue was disolved in 20 microL acetone. Take 2 microL for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Chromatographic conditions were: column DB-1 (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 microns), injector 260 degrees C, interface 250 degrees C, column oven with temperature program: [equation: see text] Helium carrier gas flow rate was 1.8 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was adjustd to record the ion m/z352 for CLP and DCLP, and m/z 256 for DAP in quantitation. The minimum detection limits were 0.1 microgram/L for CLP and 0.2 microgram/L for DCLP. The standard curves of CLP and DCLP were linear between 1-128 micrograms/L (rCLP = 0.998, rDCLP = 0.999). Recoveries of two substances were better than 83%, and the RSD values were less than 10%. This method has been successfully used in clinical pharmacokinetic study of CLP before and after CYP1A2 inhibitor used. The results indicate that the metabolism of clozapine is strongly affected by CYP1A2 activity.
Antipsychotic Agents↗
[An experimental study on antitumor activity of psoralen on mammary cancer cell line EMT6 in vitro and in vivo].
To investigate the antitumor activity of psoralen on mammary cancer cells of EMT6 line, the cytotoxity of the drug against EMT6 cells was tested by MTT assay; an experimental therapy was carried out in 15 nude mice that were subcutaneously injected with EMT6 cells; the morphological changes of tumor tissues were observed under electron microscope; and the DNA content was measured and analysed with a computerized MPV-microspectrophotometer. The result shows that psoralen has a strong antitumor effect on mammary cancer EMT6 cells both in vivo and in vitro, with an IC50 value of 2.23 micrograms/ml. The antitumor effect might be related to the relative decrease of cell DNA content and the degeneration and cavitation of cellular mitochondriums. Therefore psoralen may be an effective agent for the treatment of mammary cancer.
Animals↗
[Stenosis of the common left iliac vein and acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity].
OBJECTIVE: To study the relation ship between (DVT) acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity (DVT) and common left iliac vein compression by the common right iliac artery. METHOD: We reviewed 63 cases of DVT from September 1991 to March 1997. RESULTS: 43 cases operated on the left leg showed when the stenosis reached nearly or beyond half of the lumen of iliac vein, the number of DVT increased greatly. CONCLUSION: DVT will occur if the stricture of the left iliac vein reaches nearly or beyond half of the lumen. But there is no DVT because of collaterals. If the stricture of iliac vein exists, especially reaches nearly or beyond half of the iliac vein, preventive measures will be taken.
Adult↗
[Apraclonidine prevents the acute increase of intraocular pressure in brown eyes with Nd:YAG laser iridectomy].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate if apraclonidine can effectively prevent the acute increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) in brown eyes with Nd:YAG laser iridectomy. METHODS: 48 eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma were divided into treatment and control groups, which were matched by age and sex. One drop of apraclonidine was applied into the conjunctival sac at one hour before laser iridectomy and immediately after laser iridectomy in treatment group, whereas one drop of antibiotic as placebo was applied in control group at the same time. IOP, pupil diameter were measured at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3.5 hours after laser iridectomy. RESULTS: The maximum increase of IOP after laser iridectomy was 0.62 +/- 0.67 kPa and 1.13 +/- 0.87 kPa in treatment and control group respectively, there was a significant difference (P = 0.03). The obvious decrease of IOP occurred at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 hours after laser iridectomy in treatment group. No ocular and systemic side effects were found in treatment group, except pupil diameter was obviously larger in treatment group than that in control group. CONCLUSION: 1% apraclonidine effectively prevents the acute increase of IOP in brown eyes with Nd:YAG laser iridectomy.
Clonidine↗
[Synthesis of baicalin derivatives and evaluation of their anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) activity].
The aglycone baicalien(1) and the key intermediate 5,6-O-dibenzyl-baicalien(3) were prepared from baicalin in order to evaluate the influence of different glycosyloxies linked to baicalien on anti-HIV activity. Four new flavone-glycosides namely 5-hydroxyl-6-O-benzyl-flavone-7-beta-D-glucoside(12), 5-hydroxyl-6-O-benzyl-flavone-7-beta-D-galactoside(13), 5-hydroxyl-6-O-benzyl-flavone-7-alpha-D-mannoside(14) and 5-hydroxyl-6-O-benzyl-flavone-7-alpha-D-arabinoside (15) were synthesized by condensation of the corresponding protected glycosyl bromides with (3). Biological activity test showed that (a) both baicalin and baicalien inhibited HIV-1 RT; (b) the 6-hydroxyl substitution of baicalin and baicalien is necessary for their inhibitory activity on HIV-1 RT; (c) the HIV-1 inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity of baicalien were higher than those of baicalin, the two compounds were found to have almost identical therapeutic index.
Antiviral Agents↗
[Studies on synthesis and anti-HIV RT activity of hypericin and ethylhypericin].
Condensed polycyclic anthraquinone hypericin and its analogues showed activity against several retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Another condensed polycyclic anthraquinone ethylhypericin was synthesized from butanone in order to compare its biological activity with hypericin. Biological activity showed that ethylhypericin was slightly more effective than hypericin in HIV-RT inhibitory test.
Anthracenes↗
Effect of testosterone on Leishmania donovani infection levels of murine bone marrow derived-macrophages.
AIM: To investigate the effect of the male sex hormone, testosterone (Te), on Leishmania donovani infection levels of bone marrow derived macrophages(BMMs) from female mice of strain C57BL/6J. METHODS: After three weeks of Te-treatment, the BMMs were isolated, challenged with L. donovani at a ratio of 10 to 1 promastigotes per macrophage, and the infection levels of different time points were monitored by Giemsa staining. RESULTS: BMMs from Te-treated mice had a significantly increased initial uptake(3 h post infection, P < 0.05) of promastigotes and carried heavier infection levels at all time points(24 h, 48 h, 72 h post infection, P < 0.01), compared with those from oil treated controls. CONCLUSION: Te can increase L. donovani infection levels of BMMs, being possibly related to Te-induced immunosuppression.
Animals↗
[Study on relationship of the expression of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptor-beta in liver tissues with liver fibrosis].
The expression of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-BB and PDGF receptor-beta(PDGFR-beta) in liver tissues from viral hepatitis was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the expression of PDGF-BB and PDGFR-beta in the liver tissues correlated closely with the degree of liver fibrosis. The levels of their expression in the liver cirrhosis and fibrosis stage S3-4 of chronic viral hepatitis(CH) were much higher than those in acute viral hepatitis and fibrosis stage S0-2 of CH. Meanwhile, the expression of PDGF and its receptor was associated with the expression of desmin-positive cells pro-collagen III peptide in liver tissues and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotenase-1 in serum. It is suggested that PDGF-BB and its receptor-beta may promote the progress of liver fibrosis by means of the activation, proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells.
Adult↗
[Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in liver tissues of chronic viral hepatitis].
In order to study the significance of expression of Bcl-1 and Bax proteins in the liver tissues, 35 cases of chronic viral hepatitis (CH) were immunohistochemically studied. The results showed that Bcl-2 and Bax were mainly colocated in cytoplasm of the mononuclear cells(MN) in the areas of focal necrosis, bridging necrosis and piecemeal necrosis (PN). Some hepatocytes surrounding these areas expressed Bcl-2 and Bax or expressed Bax only. Pathological examination found that these hepatocytes Suffered from hydropic or acidophilic degeneration. In the severe viral hepatitis, survival hepatocytes also expressed Bcl-2 and Bax. It is suggested that the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver tissues correlated with the apoptosis of hepatocytes in CH and influenced the progress of severe viral hepatitis.
Adult↗
[The localization of FasL mRNA in liver tissues of chronic hepatitis B].
To study the expression of FasL mRNA in liver tissues of CHB, we investigated FasL mRNA by in situ hybridization in liver tissues from patients with chronic hepatitis B. FasL oligonucleotide probes were synthesized and labeled with DIG-Oligonucleotide 3'-End Labeling Kit. FasL mRNA was found in cytoplasm of liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells, hepatocytes and some sinus cells. FasL mRNA-positive hepatocytes were present mainly at the edges of 'piecemeal necrosis(PN)' and 'bridging necrosis (BN)'. These results demonstrated that human hepatocytes themselves can express FasL in chronic hepatitis B. We deem that FasL-positive hepatocytes might express cytotoxic activity and eliminate Fas-positive hepatocytes by both 'fratricide' and 'suicide'. These results also emphasize that apoptosis caused by CTL through Fas-mediated pathway may play an important role in CHB.
Apoptosis↗
Neutron and X-ray solution scattering provide insights into biomolecular structure and function.
Neutron and X-ray small-angle scattering techniques have made significant advances in their applications in structural molecular biology. They have become important tools for studying the structural basis for biomolecular function, revealing details of protein and DNA structure, as well as functionally important conformational flexibility and interactions. More powerful neutron and X-ray sources are now available which enable faster data acquisition on lower concentration samples, as well as time-resolved studies in the case of synchrotron sources. This source development has been accompanied by instrument development and advances in scattering techniques. At the same time, advances in molecular biology that facilitate preparation of samples have made available more biological molecules suitable for study by scattering techniques. In this review we briefly describe the basic theory and practice of small-angle scattering and follow with examples of its application to studying the conformations of biomolecules in solution, as well as within functional complexes.
Molecular Biology↗
Immunohistochemical localization of TGF-beta type II receptor and TGF-beta3 during palatogenesis in vivo and in vitro.
The disappearance of medial edge epithelium (MEE) is a critical event for palate fusion. TGF-beta3 is one factor participating in the regulation of this process. To investigate the nature of ligand-receptor interactions in vivo between TGF-beta3 and the type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-II), we compared the expression pattern of the receptor with TGF-beta3. Immunohistochemical analysis of the mouse fetus from E12 to E15 showed that expression of TbetaR-II in the palate began at E13 when the palatal shelves were in a vertical orientation. TbetaR-II was localized in the epithelial cells. This epithelium-favored distribution remained during palatal shelf elevation, the medial edge epithelial adherence, and midline epithelial seam disruption. After palate fusion and mesenchyme confluence, weak expression of TbetaR-II was present in the mesenchyme. To verify the possibility that TGF-beta3 and TbetaR-II expression coincide, immunohistochemistry was used to localize them both in serial sections. The distribution pattern of TGF-beta3 was also epithelium-limited in the palate from E13 to E15, and the spatial localization was correlated with the expression of TbetaR-II. Immunohistochemical localization of TbetaR-II and TGF-beta3 in palatal shelves in organ culture had patterns that were consistent with the in vivo results. These results suggest that TGF-beta3 exerts its developmental role through TbetaR-II in an autocrine fashion. The expression of both TGF-beta3 and TbetaR-II was below the detectable level in the mesenchyme following MEE disruption, suggesting that the TGF-beta3 signal might not be required once the MEE has completed phenotypic transformation/migration.
Animals↗
[Function analysis of complex gangliosides by gangliosides-lacking mutant mice].
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Animals↗
alpha1-Adrenergic stimulation potentiates the thermogenic action of beta3-adrenoreceptor-generated cAMP in brown fat cells.
The relationship between cAMP levels and thermogenesis was investigated in brown fat cells from Syrian hamsters. Irrespective of whether the selective beta3-, beta2-, and beta1-agonists BRL 37344, salbutamol, and dobutamine or the physiological agonist norepinephrine was used to stimulate the cells, increases in cAMP levels were mediated via the beta3-receptor, as were the thermogenic effects. However, the relationship "thermogenesis per cAMP" was much lower for agents other than norepinephrine. Similarly, forskolin, although more potent than norepinephrine in elevating cAMP, was less potent in inducing thermogenesis. The selective alpha1-agonist cirazoline was in itself without effect on cAMP levels or thermogenesis, but when added to forskolin-stimulated cells, potentiated thermogenesis, up to the norepinephrine level, without affecting cAMP. This potentiation could not be inhibited by chelerythrine, but could be mimicked by Ca2+ ionophores. It was apparently not mediated via calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and was not an effect on mitochondrial respiratory control. The ability of all cAMP-elevating agents to induce thermogenesis in brown fat cells has earlier been interpreted to mean that it is only through the beta-receptors and the resulting increase in cAMP levels that thermogenesis is induced. However, it is here concluded that the thermogenic response to norepinephrine involves two interacting parts, one mediated via beta-receptors and cAMP and the other via alpha1-receptors and increases in cytosolic Ca2+ levels.
Adipose Tissue, Brown↗