[The factors on effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine decoction].
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Drug Contamination↗
Biomedical subjects
J Yu
Publications and source records attributed to J Yu.
[In vivo observations and electron microscopy in the treatment of experimental HSV keratitis with monoclonal antibodies].
In vivo observations and electron microscopy showed that topical use of anti-HSV monoclonal glycoprotein antibodies produced marked antiviral effects in inhibiting the development of experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits and in protecting the susceptible corneal cells. As a new biological product, the anti-HSV monoclonal antibodies may provide a new approach to the treatment of HSV keratitis.
Animals↗
The effect of immunotherapy on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine were evaluated in 47 asthmatic children before and after allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) by using the forced oscillation method. Eighty-seven percent (13/16) of BHR-negative patients had good clinical response after 1-year immunotherapy while there were only 45% (14/31) in the BHR-positive asthmatic children (p < 0.02). In the BHR-positive group, the relationship between clinical response and the change of nonspecific bronchial sensitivity was further analyzed. In those of good clinical response (IT responder), the tolerance dose of methacholine was significantly increased from 0.78 +/- 0.71 to 4.11 +/- 4.65 mg/ml (p < 0.05), and bronchial sensitivity increased from 1.14 +/- 1.42 U to 7.55 +/- 9.55 U (p < 0.02). In those with no clinical improvement (IT non-responder), there were no significant changes in either methacholine tolerance dose or bronchial sensitivity. With respect to other parameters, such as Grs, PD35, and SGrs, the differences between before and after immunotherapy were similar in both the IT responders and IT non-responders. These results suggest that asthmatic children with different bronchial sensitivity had different responses to immunotherapy and the clinical improvement after immunotherapy is significantly related to the improvement of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Adolescent↗
Polymeric biomaterials: influence of phosphorylcholine polar groups on protein adsorption and complement activation.
The introduction to polymeric biomaterials of phosphorylcholine polar groups represents an approach towards the development of materials with improved blood compatibility. In this respect, two biomaterials, one a copolymer of butyl methacrylate and 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC), (poly(BMA-co-MPC) and the other, MPC-grafted Cuprophan, were examined with respect to their influence on protein adsorption and complement activation. Protein adsorption was studied by measurement of the adsorption of radiolabelled single proteins (albumin and fibrinogen), while complement activation was measured using radioimmunoassay for C3a des Arg. The investigation demonstrated that the polymers containing phosphorylcholine polar groups can achieve a marked reduction in protein adsorption and complement activation and supports the utilization of phosphorylcholine polar groups as a means of improving the compatibility of biomaterials for blood-contacting applications.
Adsorption↗
[Comparison of protein assays for ejiao].
Ejiao exhibits identical spectral characteristics with those of reference gelatin in Murphy's UV spectrophotometry and color-yielding reactions performed according to Gornall's biuret and Lowry's Folin phenol procedures respectively. Results of protein assays of Ejiao measured by above-mentioned photometric methods were in good approximation to each other using gelatin as standard and comparable with that of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination.
Materia Medica↗
Study on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the pathogenesis of gastric cancer by using molecular biological techniques.
Recent epidemiological observations have indicated that the role of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer is an important but unresolved issue. We used the polymerase chain reaction, a sensitive and specific assay, to detect the HP infection in gastric biopsy specimens and examined the correlations between HP infection and point mutation at 12 codon of H-ras oncogene, overexpression of ras p21 and DNA content. The results showed that the mutation rate of H-ras oncogene is higher in the group with HP infection than in those without HP infection. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that HP infection is associated with the increased expression of ras p21 protein, which suggested that HP infection increased the risk of ras oncogene activation. It is also noted that a significant relationship between infection with HP and the increase of DNA content and s% phase cells, indicated that rapid turnover of cells resulting from infection injury increases the risk of DNA damage.
Base Sequence↗
Statistic method for determining the fusion-recombination of cellulase genome.
A hypothesis was proposed based on cellulase synergism and multiple variable statistics that the experimental value of N strains out of total fusants from the same cell fusion pool, Aspergillus niger x Trichoderma reesei, could be a sample for the definite fusion cross due to the independence and random of DNA recombination. It could be reduced if fusion recombination happened by analyzing the sample with the provided computer program selected 40 strains of about 2000 fusants of A. niger x T. reesei were analyzed under this procedure as an example and was showed that was effective method on guiding cellulase breeding.
Aspergillus niger↗
[Quantitative study on cerebral motor cortex structure of kindling rat induced by coriaria lactone].
Ten male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The experimental rats were injected with subconvulsive dosage of coriaria lactone (1 mg/kg) intramuscularly every 3.5 days to induce kindling seizures. The controls were injected with normal saline. Cerebral motor cortex of kindling rats was taken at the time between seizures and layer V was compared morphologically with that of the control. The number of neurons and neuroglias was counted from light micrographs. The numerical density and length fraction of boutons on the surface of pyramidal somata were measured from electron micrographs with MIAS 300 type image analyser. The number of synapses in neuropil was counted directly and the areal fraction of various constitute in neuropil was measured stereologically from EM photos. In the experimental rats, the number of neurons remained unchanged and the numerical density and length fraction of boutons on the surface of pyramidal somata showed no change, either. The number of synapses (or presynaptic terminals) decreased significantly in neuropil, but the areal fraction of synaptic terminals had no change and the areal fraction of dendrites and unmyelinated fibers decreased. The areal fraction of myelinated fibers increased significantly. The number of neuroglias and the areal fraction of neuroglial processes increased significantly in the experimental rats. The data suggest that the major morphological changes are manifested as a decline in the pyramidal dendritic components, especially dendritic spines, and the axons with its terminals from superficial neurons in motor cortex layer V of the kindling rats induced by coriaria lactone, besides the neurogliosis which is similar to that occurring in other long-term seizures.
Animals↗
Characterization of alternatively spliced PIG-A transcripts in normal and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria cells.
The genetic lesion in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) cells resides in a DNA element that 1) encodes a product required for assembly of GlcNAc-inositol phospholipid and 2) is commonly affected in different patients. In this study, three alternative mRNA transcripts (1600, 1200, and 950 bp) that derive from this genetic element in normal cells were characterized. The 1200-bp transcript was found to arise from splicing out of 374 bp of exonic sequence extending from positions 407-780. The 950-bp transcript was found to arise from removal of this and 284 bp of additional exonic sequence beginning further upstream at position 123. Analyses of transcripts expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes prepared from two PNH patients showed that both failed to express normal 1600-bp transcripts. One expressed truncated transcripts of 1000 and 800 bp generated by an alternate splice which utilized a downstream signal in place of the normal intronic splice signal. The other expressed a 1600-bp transcript with multiple nucleotide changes but normal 1200- and 950-bp "spliced" transcripts.
Alternative Splicing↗
Sensitivity to ischaemic ATP breakdown in different models of cardiac hypertrophy in rats.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity to ischaemia of rat hearts made hypertrophic by pressure overload [two-kidney, one clip (2-K,1C) rats], volume overload (aortocaval arteriovenous shunt), minoxidil or isoproterenol. METHODS: Ischaemia was induced in the isolated perfused hearts by a stepwise lowering of the perfusion pressure; at each step the coronary effluent was assessed for the products of ATP breakdown. RESULTS: Hypertension increased cardiac weight by 35 and 56% after 2.5 and 12 weeks, respectively. Volume overload increased heart weight by 25 and 55% after 1 and 12 weeks, respectively. Minoxidil (for 5 weeks) or isoproterenol (for 1 week) increased cardiac weight by 22 and 16%, respectively. The hearts from 2-K,1C rats started to release ATP catabolites in the coronary effluent at a substantially higher perfusion pressure, and with significantly higher maximal levels, than the control hearts. In contrast, in volume overload cardiac ATP breakdown was similar to that in the controls, and isoproterenol administration caused significantly lower levels of ATP breakdown. At identical flow rates, normalized per gram dry tissue, the purine concentration in the coronary effluent was similar in all of the models of cardiac hypertrophy studied and in the respective controls, and was even lower in the long-term volume-overloaded and isoproterenol-induced hypertrophic hearts. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hearts from hypertensive rats are more sensitive to ischaemic ATP breakdown during lowering of perfusion pressure than hearts from volume-overloaded or control rats. This is independent of the duration of the hypertrophic process, and can be explained by a lower coronary flow per gram heart tissue at a given perfusion pressure. This conclusion is strengthened by the observation that hypertrophic hearts from volume-overloaded rats had similar amounts of cardiac hypertrophy to the hearts from the hypertensive rats, without a change in flow, coronary vascular resistance or ischaemic sensitivity, whereas the hearts from isoproterenol-treated rats had lower ischaemic sensitivity and coronary vascular resistance.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Appearance of a maximum in the superconducting transition temperature of a Bi2.2Sr1.8CaCu2O8+y single crystal under pressure.
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Journal Article↗
Striatal Fos expression is indicative of dopamine D1/D2 synergism and receptor supersensitivity.
Immediate-early genes, such as c-fos, are responsive to dopaminergic stimulation in the brain and can have prolonged effects on the transcription of other genes. Thus, they may mediate some of the long-term consequences of altered dopaminergic transmission on striatal neurons, such as the supersensitivity to dopamine and its agonists that occurs in response to dopamine denervation. The two dopamine receptor families, D1 and D2, interact synergistically under normal conditions but independently after treatments that induce pronounced supersensitivity to dopamine agonists. Using immunocytochemical methods in rats treated with directly acting selective dopamine agonists, we have determined that dopamine-mediated expression of Fos and Fos-like antigens in the striatum normally requires concomitant stimulation of D1 and D2 receptors. Separate administration of a high dose of a selective D1 (SKF 38393; 20 mg/kg) or D2 (quinpirole; 3 mg/kg) agonist induced Fos-like immunoreactivity in few neurons, whereas combined administration of the D1 and D2 agonists produced patches of intensely stained immunoreactive nuclei in the caudate-putamen. Repeated administration of reserpine (1 mg/kg per day for 5 days), which causes supersensitivity to dopamine agonists and a breakdown in D1/D2 synergism behaviorally, also causes a change in control of c-fos, such that independent stimulation of D1 receptors by SKF 38393 (20 mg/kg) elicited pronounced Fos-like immunoreactivity in the striatum; combined treatment with SKF 38393 (20 mg/kg) and quinpirole (3 mg/kg) in reserpine-treated rats elicited Fos-like expression in no more neurons than did D1 agonism alone. These data demonstrate that dopamine-mediated Fos expression in the striatum is indicative of the state of D1/D2 synergism and receptor supersensitivity.
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
Large bandwidth frequency-converted Nd:glass laser at 527 nm with Delta nu / nu =2%
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Journal Article↗
Synthesis and turnover of photosystem II reaction center polypeptides in cyanobacterial D2 mutants.
Several mutations in psbD (coding for the photosystem II reaction protein D2) lead to a loss of the entire photosystem II complex from the thylakoid membrane. For two site-directed D2 mutants, E69V (Glu-69 mutated to Val) and ET-9 (introducing a premature stop codon in psbD), and two psbD deletion mutants, the synthesis and degradation of photosystem II reaction center components were analyzed. In E69V, no D2 or psbC-encoded CP43 was detected upon 5-min pulse labeling or Western blotting, whereas a psbDI/C transcript was present. Either D2 and CP43 are very unstable in this mutant, or the mutation causes an inhibition of translation of the psbDC operon. In E69V, the predominant lifetime of D1 is several minutes, but a small fraction of D1 remains stable in the thylakoid for several hours. In E69V, also a 43-kDa band is detected by D1 antisera. We attribute this band to a D1 cross-linking product possibly involved in D1 degradation. We identified a D1 precursor in E69V and psbDI/C/DII-, two mutants with particularly short D1 lifetimes. A unique feature of the E69V mutant is that destabilization of the photosystem II complex is triggered by a single-site mutation leading to extremely rapid turnover or lack of synthesis of D2.
Blotting, Northern↗
Cloning and active site mutagenesis of Vibrio cholerae DsbA, a periplasmic enzyme that catalyzes disulfide bond formation.
Recently, a gene (dsbA) involved in the biogenesis of secreted oligomeric enterotoxins in Vibrio cholerae was described, which encodes an exported protein possessing a -Cys-Pro-His-Cys- motif similar to that found in the active sites of eukaryotic and prokaryotic thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (Yu, J., Webb, H., and Hirst, T. R (1992) Mol. Microbiol. 6, 1949-1958). Here, we report the cloning of the dsbA gene of V. cholerae and the demonstration that the encoded periphlasmic enzyme has disulfide isomerase-like activity. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of either of the 2 Cys residues to Ala in the putative active site of DsbA abolished both its isomerase activity and its capacity to promote enterotoxin biogenesis. We conclude that the Cys residues constitute the active site domain of DsbA and are essential for its activity in vivo and in vitro.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with microspherical octadecyl-zirconia bonded stationary phases.
Microspherical zirconia particles were synthesized and surface modified with octadecylsilane compounds for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Monomeric and "polymeric" octadecyl-zirconia bonded stationary phases were obtained by reacting the support with octadecyldimethylchlorosilane or octadecyltrichlorosilane, respectively. The surface coverage of the zirconia-based stationary phases with octadecyl functions was approximately the same as that of octadecyl-silica sorbents. These phases were evaluated in terms of reversed-phase chromatographic properties with non-polar, slightly polar and ionic species over a wide range of mobile phase composition and pH. Monomeric octadecyl-zirconia with end-capping exhibited some metallic interactions with both basic and acidic solutes, but these interactions were greatly reduced in the presence of competing agents (e.g., tartrate ions) in the mobile phase. The "polymeric" octadecyl-zirconia sorbents exhibited higher retention than the monomeric ones with the various solutes investigated, and their residual absorptivities toward acidic solutes were much lower. The retention of non-polar and slightly polar aromatic compounds was quasi-homoenergetic on both types of octadecyl-zirconia stationary phases. Stability studies conducted at extreme pH conditions (pH 2.0 and pH 12.0), have shown that "polymeric" octadecyl-zirconia sorbents are more stable than their monomeric counterparts. These stationary phases were quite useful in the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylbenzene and phenyl alkylalcohol homologous series, oligosaccharides, dansyl-amino acids, peptides and proteins.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Flow cytometric DNA content and clinical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer given postoperative radiation therapy.
DNA content by flow cytometry was assessed in 47 cases from a series of 130 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) given radiation therapy postoperatively. This was done in an attempt to identify which patients might benefit, or not benefit, from postoperative radiotherapy. From archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens, 16 of the 47 cases (34%) had DNA diploid tumors while 31 cases (66%) were nondiploid. A diploid DNA content was significantly related to improved overall survival (P = 0.0061) and tumor-free survival (P = 0.0167) but not with frequency of tumor recurrence within the irradiated field. Histological grade was not significantly related to overall survival, tumor-free survival, or frequency of in-field tumor recurrence. DNA content was found in this study of NSCLC patients irradiated postoperatively to be a useful marker for predicting survival but not for predicting local recurrence.
Actuarial Analysis↗
Chromosomal localization of uroplakin genes of cattle and mice.
The asymmetric unit membrane (AUM) of the apical surface of mammalian urinary bladder epithelium contains several major integral membrane proteins, including uroplakins IA and IB (both 27 kDa), II (15 kDa), and III (47 kDa). These proteins are synthesized only in terminally differentiated bladder epithelial cells. They are encoded by separate genes and, except for uroplakins IA and IB, appear to be unrelated in their amino acid sequences. The genes encoding these uroplakins were mapped to chromosomes of cattle through their segregation in a panel of bovine x rodent somatic cell hybrids. Genes for uroplakins IA, IB, and II were mapped to bovine (BTA) Chromosomes (Chrs) 18 (UPK1A), 1 (UPK1B), and 15 (UPK2), respectively. Two bovine genomic DNA sequences reactive with a uroplakin III cDNA probe were identified and mapped to BTA 6 (UPK3A) and 5 (UPK3B). We have also mapped genes for uroplakins IA and II in mice, to the proximal regions of mouse Chr 7 (Upk1a) and 9 (Upk2), respectively, by analyzing the inheritance of restriction fragment length variants in recombinant inbred mouse strains. These assignments are consistent with linkage relationships known to be conserved between cattle and mice. The mouse genes for uroplakins IB and III were not mapped because the mouse genomic DNA fragments reactive with each probe were invariant among the inbred strains tested. Although the stoichiometry of AUM proteins is nearly constant, the fact that the uroplakin genes are unlinked indicates that their expression must be independently regulated. Our results also suggest likely positions for two human uroplakin genes and should facilitate further analysis of their possible involvement in disease.
Animals↗