Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Younger.
It is easier than we may think to overdose inadvertently on paracetamol. With another winter upon us, many cold remedy products now carry a manufacturer's warning; however, do nurses themselves fully understand why paracetamol can be so fatal?
The Hamilton Psychiatric Hospital schizophrenia psychosocial rehabilitation program developed a supported housing project to meet the goals of patients severely disabled with schizophrenia. An evaluation was conducted to assess whether the project had been implemented according to the original proposal. The assessment allowed adjustments to be made to the project, provided lessons for future undertakings, and demonstrated the value of clearly specifying the elements underlying any pilot project.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the prognostic significance of race and survival in stage II breast cancer among women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) trial 8541. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1572 patients with node-positive breast cancer were entered in CALGB trial 8541. This study opened in January 1985 and randomized patients to receive "high-dose," "standard-dose," or "low-dose" adjuvant CAF (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil) chemotherapy. Patients were stratified according to treatment of the primary lesion (mastectomy or breast conservation), menopausal status, number of positive lymph nodes, and estrogen-receptor status. Twelve percent of the patients entered in this study were African-American, 84% were white, and 4% were of other racial backgrounds. RESULTS: African-Americans and whites were evenly distributed on all three arms. In a univariate analysis, African-Americans were more likely to have a reduced survival and shorter time to relapse than other patients. Race was moderately associated with tumor size, receptor status, and type of surgery. In a multivariate analysis, after adjusting for the dose of chemotherapy, number of lymph nodes, estrogen-receptor status, and age, race was no longer of prognostic significance. DISCUSSION: After adjustment for other well-recognized prognostic factors, race appears to have no independent prognostic significance for survival from stage II breast cancer among women receiving adjuvant CAF chemotherapy.