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Biomedical subjects

J Yamamoto

Publications and source records attributed to J Yamamoto.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[A case of cystadenocarcinoma developing from an ovary autografted to the abdominal wall].

A 73-year-old woman developed an abdominal tumor. We performed tumor resection. The tumor, located between the fascia and peritoneum, was removed completely. The histological finding was cystadenocarcinoma. Thirty-eight years earlier she had undergone total hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy because of abnormal genital bleeding. At that time, her own ovary had been transplanted to the abdominal wall. We diagnosed this tumor as having developed from the autografted ovary. The complication of ovarian autografting is cystic degeneration. This complication is rare in Japan. Moreover, malignant change is extremely unusual in ovarian autografting.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1984

Release of vasopressin by electrical stimulation of the intermediate portion of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in rats with cervical spinal cordotomy and vagotomy.

The cervical spinal cord and vagi were severed in anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats. Monopolar electrical stimulation of the intermediate portion of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) resulted in subtle increases in concentration of plasma vasopressin (pVP) and in arterial pressure. We suggest that electrical stimulation of the NTS in rats undergoing such surgical preparation to observe the pressor response and/or increase in pVP, represents a rapid approach for screening the neurosecretory function of the central neural integration to release vasopressin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Orienting psychotherapists to better serve low income and minority patients.

As a part of a larger NIMH study, 29 psychotherapists who were beginning training at a large urban psychiatric outpatient clinic participated in a special orientation program. The orientation program had the following objectives: First, to increase the therapists' knowledge about low income and minority patients; second, to increase the therapists' sensitivity to minority patients' requests and problems; and, third, to increase the effectiveness of the therapeutic encounter. The majority of therapists acted as their own controls; they saw patients before and then after participating in the orientation program. Data indicated that therapists improved significantly in knowledge, sensitivity, and effectiveness as a result of the special therapist orientation program.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Self-reported psychiatric symptoms among black, Hispanic, and white outpatients.

Examined ethnic differences among black, Hispanic, and white applicants for outpatient psychotherapy, using symptoms self-reported on the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL 90-R). The relationship between self-reported severity of symptoms and therapist-reported severity of psychiatric diagnoses also was examined in order to assess the utility of SCL 90-R as a predictor of diagnostic severity for these ethnic groups. One hundred sixty-five patients completed the SCL 90-R. The patients were predominantly in the low-income social classes. A significant ethnic effect was found on several symptom dimensions, with black patients less likely to report symptoms than Hispanic or white patients. Hispanic patients were found to report the highest symptom levels on 8 of 11 measures. While, overall, therapist diagnostic severity was related significantly to self-reported symptomatology, the relationship was strongest for white patients, significant but less strong for Hispanic patients, and not significant for black patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of coadministration of uracil on the toxicity of tegafur.

The cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects of tegafur, an anticancer agent, were compared with those of uracil plus tegafur (4:1 mol/mol) in mice, rats, rabbits, cats and dogs. Uracil plus tegafur was shown to be less toxic than the drug alone in all the species, and uracil was found to decrease the toxicity of tegafur. alpha-Fluoro-beta-alanine, a catabolic metabolite of the drug, had toxic effects similar to tegafur. The results suggest that administration of uracil with tegafur prevents the side effects of the drug on the heart and CNS by inhibiting the degradation of 5-fluorouracil.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Siblings with renal tubular acidosis and nerve deafness. The first family in Japan.

Two siblings with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and nerve deafness were examined. It was found by ammonium chloride and bicarbonate loading tests that the 6-year-old brother had a hybrid type of RTA and his 4-year-old sister, a distal type of RTA. Enzyme activity and amount of enzyme protein of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I and II in red blood cells, measured using an immunoadsorbent method, were normal in both cases. Although this indicated that the RTAs of these patients are not generated by the carbonic anhydrase deficiency, an investigation with renal tissue is necessary to arrive at a final conclusion.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1984

Diarrhea in neonatal piglets caused by K99+ST+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains were isolated from the feces of 34.4% of 64 diarrheaic neonatal piglets on seven farms. Of a total of 518 isolates, 86 (16.6%) were enterotoxigenic and grouped into four phenotypes: K99+ST+ (K99 pilus antigen and heat-stable enterotoxin producing, 36 strains), ST+ (37 strains), K88+LT+ (K88 pilus antigen and heat-labile enterotoxin producing, 11 strains), and K88+ST+ (2 strains). K99+ST+ and ST+ isolates showed multiple drug resistance and most of those (58.3% and 56.8%, respectively) belonged to O serogroup 101. A K99+ST+ isolate proved to be capable of inducing diarrhea and death in hysterectomy-produced colostrum-deprived piglets when orally inoculated.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Three epileptic patients suffering from periods of frequent complex partial seizures and diagnostic criteria for epileptic status.

Presented here are three epileptic patients suffering from periods of frequent complex partial seizures. The importance of the following two points for the diagnosis of epileptic status of complex partial seizure is stressed. The first is the importance of EEG examination for differentiation of such epileptic status from psychogenic attack and absence status. The second is the importance of disturbed consciousness lasting between seizures. Based on EEG and clinical findings in our three patients, it was concluded that two of the three patients suffered from epileptic status of complex partial seizure and that the condition in the remaining one patient could not be judged as epileptic status of complex partial seizure. Detailed clinical and electroencephalographic findings in previously reported seven patients suffering from status epilepticus of complex partial seizure were compared with those of our two patients. The seven cases out of nine patients had epileptiform EEG activities beginning with localized rhythmic activities. All of the nine patients showed marked motor manifestations during the complex partial seizure such as adversive movement and automatic behaviors. Such motor manifestations of complex partial seizure are very useful for confirming the initiation and termination of the seizure. When the frequency of complex partial seizure is markedly increased, it become difficult to detect the initiation and termination of each seizure, and the discontinuous form of status epilepticus of complex partial seizure passes into its continuous form.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Orienting therapists about patients' needs to increase patient satisfaction.

Twenty-nine psychotherapists received orientation about patients' cultural background, expectations, and therapeutic needs. They treated 98 patients before orientation and 73 afterward, and a follow-up interview was conducted 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. The patients seen after therapist orientation were more satisfied with the services, felt better able to handle problems, were more likely to seek therapy for future problems, and felt more strongly that their needs for clinic services had been met than the patients seen by therapists before orientation. Analyses of therapist experience, patients' ethnicity, and patients' orientation to psychotherapy showed no significant interactions with patient satisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Action of propranolol on the perfusion pressure into the peripheral vasculature of rat hindquarters].

Several investigators have confirmed that beta-adrenergic blocking agents produced a sustained pressor action in anesthetized rats. In this experiment, rat hindquarters were perfused with the rat's own blood under a constant perfusion rate. The effect of propranolol administered intraarterially to the hindquarters was studied. Propranolol (0.001--0.1 mg/ml, 5 microliter intraarterial injection) produced a sustained rise in the perfusion pressure dose-dependently. In contrast, propranolol did not produce any sustained rise in the perfusion pressure of guinea pigs and rabbits. These results support that the beta-adrenoceptive vasodilation in skeletal muscle is stronger in rats than in guinea pigs and rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Xenogeneic human anti-mouse T cell responses are due to the activity of the same functional T cell subsets responsible for allospecific and major histocompatibility complex-restricted responses.

Human T cells respond strongly to mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. The response is directed predominantly to the polymorphic determinants of the MHC antigens and there is little or no response to the nonpolymorphic determinants or to non-MHC antigens. Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are generated specific for the mouse class I MHC antigens and the CTL effectors are blocked by anti-Leu-2a antisera. Human interleukin 2-producing T cells are generated specific for mouse class II antigens and their induction is blocked by anti-Leu-3a antisera. These and other considerations lead us to propose a model for the T cell receptor that provides an explanation for several of the features of T cell recognition. In this model, the recognition of the "class" (I or II) of MHC antigen is separate from the recognition of the polymorphic determinants. We suggest that the initial recognition of the conserved "class" determinants positions another domain of the receptor so that it can only engage with the part of the MHC molecule carrying the polymorphic determinants.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Preparing low-income hispanic, black, and white patients for psychotherapy: evaluation of a new orientation program.

Examined the effectiveness of a new orientation program designed to prepare low-income white and ethnic minority outpatients for psychotherapy. Sixty-two Hispanic, 51 black, and 60 white psychiatric outpatients in a large public psychiatric clinic participated prior to their first psychotherapy interview. Patients were presented with one of two experimental conditions; the oriented patients saw an audiovisual program that instructed them about psychotherapy, and the control patients saw a program that was neutral with regard to psychotherapy. The patients' knowledge and attitudes toward psychotherapy were assessed with two questionnaires. Results indicated that patients who were oriented were more knowledgeable about psychotherapy and more positive in their attitudes toward psychotherapy than were patients who had not been oriented. The role and utility of brief orientation programs for low-income and ethnic minority outpatients in public mental health facilities are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative evaluation of the pattern of shunt flow in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery of dogs with experimental ventricular septal defect.

Cineangiographic studies in patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) have occasionally demonstrated that part of the blood across the defect is ejected immediately into the pulmonary artery (PA) passing through the outflow tract of the right ventricle (RV), but without being trapped in it. We attempted to make a quantitative evaluation of the flow of a partial shunt pathway (a direct VSD-PA pathway) that drains that part of the blood from the defect. Our method depended on a thermal dilution technique to obtain the ejection fraction of the RV and to observe a simultaneous pair of dilution curves at the roots of the aorta and PA after introduction of tracer into the left atrium. An analytical process was specially designed by incorporating a stable one-pass deconvolution technique. The method was applied to eight anesthetized dogs with acutely produced experimental VSD on the entrance of the outflow tract of the RV. The flow through the direct VSD-PA pathway was, in most cases, greater than 50 and up to 85% (mean of the eight, 57 +/- 5% SE) of the total left-to-right shunt flow. This would imply that less than 50%, and down to as little as 15%, of the total amount of shunt flow contributed to extra work of the RV in these cases. In addition, the impact on the pulmonary vasculature due to such a large amount of pulsatile flow through the direct VSD-PA pathway may accelerate the development of hypertrophy of the pulmonary vessel wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Telephone prompting to increase attendance at a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic.

Although it has been commonly taught and has been reported elsewhere that telephone prompting increases the rate at which patients keep their first outpatient clinic appointment, this study indicated that the increased rate at which patients kept their first appointment was more likely related to socioeconomic factors (such as having a telephone) than to telephone prompting. The authors conclude that measures to improve services to patients need to be carefully scrutinized before one can assume that results following initiation of a new procedure are in fact due to that procedure.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1983

Pilot epidemiological study in Taegu, Korea.

One hundred and seven normal Korean subjects were interviewed with the Korean translation of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule as part of a pilot epidemiological study in Taegu, Korea. A surprisingly high number of these subjects met criteria for the DSM diagnosis made by the computer scored interview. Psychiatric residents reinterviewed twelve subjects who were computer diagnosed as having psychopathology. Comparisons of clinical diagnoses vs. computer diagnoses are presented and discussed. The National Institute of Mental Health of the United States has embarked on exciting studies of the epidemiology of mental disorders. In order to accurately measure the prevalence of mental disorders in normal population, the NIMH contracted for the creation of a diagnostic interview schedule. Lee Robins, Ph.D. of the Washington University School of Medicine, created the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Currently it is in Version III. Our study was done with Version II, which had been translated into the Korean language. A report of the validity of the DIS in English has been published by Robins. (5) In addition, there have been review articles by Hedlund and Viewig. (2) The DIS has been patterned after the DSM III so that when the interview is correctly done, criteria for the diagnosis according to DSM III, the Research Diagnostic Criteria, and the Renard Hospital Diagnostic Criteria are within the questions asked during the interview. In English, our experience has shown that Version II takes approximately 45 minutes to an hour and a half. In Asian languages, our experience shows that the interview takes somewhat longer. (10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗