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Biomedical subjects

J Yamada

Publications and source records attributed to J Yamada.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Catecholamine-containing pancreatic islet cells of the domestic fowl. Light, fluorescence and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry.

In an attempt to identify pancreatic islet cells emitting formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were studied by combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver-impregnation and immunohistochemical methods in the same section or in consecutive semi-thin and ultra-thin sections. The results indicate that islet cells emitting intense FIF exhibit a strongly argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method and also immunohistochemical reaction with anti-glucagon serum, but not with anti-5-HT serum. Therefore, the fowl islet A cell, a peptide hormone-producing cell, stores simultaneously catecholamine as biogenic amine. The islet B and D cells did not display any FIF, any argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method, or any immunoreactivity with anti-glucagon or anti-5-HT sera. The fluorescent but non-argyrophil cells dispersed in the exocrine acinus may well be PP cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunocytochemical distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the horse.

Endocrine cells immunoreactive for somatostatin, gastrin, glicentin, glucagon, secretin, cholecystokinin, motilin and neurotensin were identified immunocytochemically in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the horse. Somatostatin-, glicentin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were very numerous in the cardiac and fundic regions of the stomach, whereas most gastrin-immunoreactive cells were confined to the pyloric region. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells also were detected in all portions of the small intestine while gastrin-immunoreactive cells were confined exclusively to the upper portion and glicentin-immunoreactive cells were limited to the lower portions of the small intestine. Secretin-, cholecystokinin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells were observed only in the duodenum, while neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were confined primarily to the ileum. In the large intestine, somatostatin- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the colon and rectum. The preferential location of endocrine cells provides additional information for future studies on the physiological roles of gastrointestinal peptides in the gastrointestinal tract of the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunocytochemical study of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine cells of the sheep.

The gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) endocrine cells of the sheep were studied immunocytochemically and their distribution and frequency were determined. Eleven types of endocrine cells were revealed. In the abomasum, somatostatin-, gastrin-, glucagon- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells were detected with the highest frequency in the pyloric region. In the small intestine, somatostatin-, gastrin-, CCK-, motilin-, neurotensin-, secretin-, substance P-, glucagon-, glicentin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were found and were most numerous in the duodenum except for neurotensin-, glucagon- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells which were more concentrated in the ileum. In the large intestine, somatostatin-, substance P-, glucagon-, glicentin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were localized with the last three cell types being more concentrated in the rectum. In the pancreas, somatostatin-, glucagon-, glicentin-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive cells predominated within the islets and were also scattered in the exocrine portion and rarely detected in duct epithelial cells. The differences between the distribution and frequency of the GEP endocrine cells of the sheep and those of monogastric species are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Alloantibody to a sex-influenced esterase in rats (Rattus norvegicus).

An antiserum to a serum protein from female ACI rats was produced in DONRYU rats by alloimmunization. The serum protein reacting with this antiserum was shown to be a sex-influenced esterase which is identified by zymogram techniques. Evidence for this is as follows: this protein migrated in the albumin region on agarose gel immunoelectrophoresis and was not present in sera from mature males; all rats possessing the protein were sex-influenced esterase in sera specifically disappeared after treatment with this antiserum. The attempt in ACI rats to produce antiserum to the esterases from DONRYU rats was unsuccessful.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunocytochemical study of gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine cells in the vampire bat (Desmodos rotundus).

The distribution and frequency of gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine cells were studied in vampire bats by immunocytochemistry. Moderate numbers of somatostatin- and a few 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were seen in the fundic cecum of the stomach. Numerous gastrin- and moderate numbers of somatostatin- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were found in the pyloric region. Moderate numbers of 5-HT-, somatostatin-, and gastrin-immunoreactive cells also were found in BRUNNER's glands. In addition to the above-mentioned 4 immunoreactive cell types, cells immunoreactive for glicentin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and neurotensin were found in the intestine. Numerous insulin-, moderate numbers of somatostatin- and glucagon-, and a few 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were detected in the pancreatic islets with lesser numbers scattered within the exocrine pancreas. Motilin- and pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells were not observed in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Studies on prophylaxis and therapy of pivmecillinam against post-prostatectomy urinary tract infection].

Patients received pivmecillinam (PMPC) after prophylactic use of various antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents following prostatectomy, and their clinical responses were assessed for effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of postoperative infection. The data were also analyzed to explore the relationship between bacterial isolates obtained during the postoperative course and the antimicrobial agents administered prophylactically against postoperative infection. Therapeutic effect of PMPC: Treatment of postoperative infections with PMPC was effective in 36 (53.7%) out of 67 patients who had undergone prostatectomy. Prophylactic effect of PMPC: The use of PMPC provided effective prevention of infection in 22 (64.7%) out of 34 patients from whom no bacterial pathogen had been isolated before postoperative antimicrobial chemotherapy. Therapeutic responses to PMPC, compared between different types of operative procedure: There was little or no difference in therapeutic effectiveness of PMPC against postoperative infection when compared between two types of operative procedure, transurethral prostatectomy and subcapsular removal of the prostate. Incidence and types of bacterial isolates following prophylactic chemotherapy with various agents after prostatectomy: Possibly because cephapirin (CEPR) and ticarcillin (TIPC) were mainly administered, alone or in combination, for prophylaxis against postoperative infection, Serratia and Pseudomonas were most frequently isolated. The findings offer suggestions as to the appropriate combination of antimicrobial agents to be used for prophylactic purposes. Effectiveness of PMPC in the presence or absence of a preoperative indwelling urethral catheter: The use of PMPC was more effective both in the treatment and prevention of postoperative infection in cases without preoperative indwelling urethral catheterization than in those with it.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Multiplication of Brucella canis in male reproductive organs and detection of autoantibody to spermatozoa in canine brucellosis.

Orchitis, epididymitis and prostatitis have been reported in male dogs infected with Brucella canis (B. canis), but the pathogenesis of infertility in male dogs has not been clarified yet. We examined localization of B. canis in the tissue of infected male reproductive organs and production of autoantibody to spermatozoa in male dogs by immunofluorescence and unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) methods and electron microscopy. B. canis were found in the cytoplasm of macrophages and epithelial cells in testis, epididymis and prostate. Particularly in the prostate, B. canis multiplied in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and emerged in the glandular lumen with destroyed epithelial cells. Head-to-head agglutination of spermatozoa was found in the semen, urine and epididymal duct with varying degrees of intensity among the infected dogs. Appearance of the spermagglutination began following the detection of B. canis in urine and semen, suggesting invasion of the organisms in male reproductive organs. In the sera from the dogs orally inoculated with B. canis, (Ig M), Ig G and Ig A anti-spermantibodies were detected in parallel with the appearance of the serum spermagglutinating activity. The heads of agglutinated spermatozoa in the epididymal duct and semen were coated with Ig A antibody, which is considered to be anti-spermautoantibody locally produced. The target of these circulating and local antibodies was acrosome of the dog spermatozoa and spermatids. It seems probable that multiplication of B. canis in epithelial cells is the direct cause of damage to the infected cells, and the damage acts as a trigger of the production of autoantibody to spermatozoa.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Augmentation of NK activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients by intermittent GE-132 administration].

The natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 18 cancer patients was studied prior to and after multiple administration of organo-germanium compound (Ge-132). In successive oral administration of Ge-132 at a dose of 1000 mg/day for 10 days, NK-activity of patients was augmented at 3 days, but by 10 days, depression of NK activity was observed in all cases. In intermittent oral administration of Ge-132, however, more than half of the patients with augmented NK activity at day 3 maintained the high activity level at day 10. This result suggests the superiority of intermittent administration of Ge-132 for clinical use.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Relation between the widening of the fragmented atrial activity zone and atrial fibrillation.

Fragmented electrical activity is often recorded by a local atrial electrogram in response to atrial extrastimuli. To assess the relation between fragmented activity and the spontaneous occurrence of atrial fibrillation or flutter (AFF), the fragmented activity zone was measured in 57 patients. The electrograms of the high right atrium, low right atrium and left atrium (through the coronary sinus) were recorded simultaneously during high right atrial stimulation. The fragmented activity zone was defined as the S1-S2 interval (S1 = stimulus of a basic beat, S2 = stimulus of a premature beat) during which a significant fragmented activity was recorded by a high right atrial electrogram after S2. Fifteen patients had neither sinoatrial disease nor atrial arrhythmias (Group I, controls), 16 had sick sinus syndrome (SSS) with a history of paroxysmal AFF (Group II), 14 had SSS without a history of paroxysmal AFF (Group III), and 12 had idiopathic paroxysmal AFF (Group IV). The fragmented activity zone was significantly wider in Group II (112 +/- 26 ms [mean +/- standard deviation], p less than 0.001), Group III (77 +/- 38 ms, p less than 0.001) and Group IV (86 +/- 19 ms, p less than 0.001) than in Group I (31 +/- 25 ms). Patients in Group II had a wider fragmented activity zone than those in Group III (p less than 0.01). Thus, the widening of the fragmented atrial activity zone is characteristic of AFF and may be a good index of a tendency to develop spontaneous AFF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Determination of endogeneous indoleacetic acid and tryptophol in mouse brain by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection.

A simple and sensitive method using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection has been developed for the identification and quantitation of the endogeneous tryptamine metabolites, indoleacetic acid (IAA) and tryptophol (TOL) in the normal mouse brain. The limits of sensitivity are 5pg for both IAA and TOL. The extract procedure from the brain is only to deproteinize samples. The mean concentrations of IAA and TOL in the mouse brain are 8.99 +/- 0.31 ng/g and 3.56 +/- 0.21 ng/g respectively. The effects of pargyline and tryptamine on the levels of IAA and TOL were also studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Simultaneous determinations of cefsulodin and cefotiam in serum and bone marrow blood by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determinations of cefsulodin and cefotiam in serum and bone marrow blood samples. After extraction with acetonitrile, the cephalosporins were applied to a reverse-phase column with an internal standard, cefazolin; the mobile phase was a mixture of 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate and methanol (35:65, v/v). The method yielded satisfactory resolutions for these agents, and the results were compared with those obtained using the microbiological method. The statistical analysis of the relationship between the methods gave a good correlation for all of these agents and samples. The concentrations of cefsulodin and cefotiam, concurrently administered by the intravenous route to patients subjected to artificial total joint prosthesis, in serum and bone marrow blood collected at 0.5 and 1 hr postinjection were almost equivalent.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1983

An immunohistochemical survey of endocrine cells and nerves in the proximal small intestine of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus.

The relative frequencies of endocrine cells and peptidergic nerve elements in the proximal small intestine of the adult platypus were studied by immunohistochemistry. Six kinds of endocrine cells - serotonin (5-HT)-, somatostatin-, gastrin-, motilin-, cholecystokinin (CCK)- and bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)-immunoreactive cells - were identified in this study. These endocrine cells were found most frequently in the intestinal glands, in moderate numbers in the tubular ducts and were infrequent in the surface folds. 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were most numerous, somatostatin-, gastrin-, motilin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were moderately numerous, whereas CCK-immunoreactive cells were rare. Five kinds of neuropeptides: substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), somatostatin and leu-enkephalin, were detected in the intramural nerve elements. Substance P-, VIP- and GRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found most frequently in the lamina propria mucosae of the surface folds. The relationships between the possible functions of the peptides and amine detected in this study as well as the characteristic structure of the digestive tract of the adult platypus are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and its metabolites in mouse brain by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection.

A new method for the determination of tryptophan and its metabolites in a single mouse brain using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection is described. Tryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, and tryptophol were clearly separated by a C8 reverse-phase column. Tissue preparation is performed only to centrifuge homogenates of brain prior to the injection to HPLC. The sensitivity is in the range from 10 to 15 pg.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

In vitro evidence from tissue cultures to prove existence of rabbit and human renotropic growth factor.

When synchronized primary rabbit kidney monolayer cell cultures were incubated with a medium that contained uninephrectomized rabbit serum, the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA was much greater than that with a medium that contained normal rabbit serum. The maximal growth-stimulating activity of uninephrectomized rabbit serum on thymidine incorporation into confluent monolayer cultures and sparsely cultured cells was increased approximately two- and fivefold, respectively, above that of normal serum. We conclude that uninephrectomized sera contain a growth-stimulating factor. Similarly, sera from a uninephrectomized human kidney donor and a cancer patient stimulated primary human kidney cell cultures to incorporate tritiated thymidine at levels far beyond those with their prenephrectomized sera. The maximal growth-stimulating activities of uninephrectomized human sera with confluent monolayer cultures and sparsely cultured cells were approximately six- and 13-fold, respectively, above those with the prenephrectomized sera. Thus, the maximal growth-stimulating activity in uninephrectomized human sera was much greater than that in uninephrectomized rabbit sera. Differences in the maximal growth-stimulating activities may be due to differences in the relative number of cell types, for example, epithelial versus fibroblast, present in these kidney cell cultures. By the use of primary cultured cells from other organs such as rabbit skin and human prostate and primary kidney cultures from three species (rabbit, human, and hamster), the growth-stimulating factor in uninephrectomized sera showed organ specificity, that is, renotropic and species specificity in this in vitro assay system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Renotropic growth factor found in cancer patient sera after removal of cancer-bearing kidney.

We have used two sets of primary human kidney culture systems for assaying human renotropic growth factor in day 5 postnephrectomized human sera. The first set of primary kidney cell cultures was prepared from one hydronephrotic kidney and used for assaying the renotropic growth stimulating activity of six kidney cancer patients sera simultaneously. The level of renotropic growth-stimulating activity varies from patient to patient. The postnephrectomized sera of three patients showed rather small (27 to 68%) increase over their prenephrectomized sera. The postnephrectomized sera of the remaining three patients showed a much greater (2.69- to 3.19-fold) increase over their prenephrectomized sera. Variation in the growth-stimulating activities produced in these uninephrectomized kidney cancer patients is most probably due to different levels of renal function loss by removal of the cancer-bearing kidney. Each cancer-bearing kidney has a different proportion of healthy kidney region to diseased (nonfunctional) region. The second set of primary kidney cell cultures was prepared from a healthy noncancerous region of a cancer-bearing kidney and used to assay for renotropic growth-stimulating activities in two different unilaterally nephrectomized kidney transplantation donor sera. Increased levels of growth-stimulating activity are quite similar and high (4.19- to 4.79-fold increase above their prenephrectomized sera). These high and similar assay values of the renotropic growth factor produced in two healthy humans suggest the sensitivity and reliability of the assay method with the use of the noncancerous cells from the cancer-bearing kidney.

Cells, Cultured↗