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Biomedical subjects

J Yager

Publications and source records attributed to J Yager.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Measurement of frequency of ciliary beats of human respiratory epithelium.

A method for accurate measurement of beats on ciliated respiratory epithelial cells in vitro is described. The technique allows the frequency of ciliary beats to be recorded directly on minute specimens of human respiratory epithelium obtained by bronchoscopic brushing. A "hanging-drop" preparation of the scraped material is placed on a thin, flat welled slide and is viewed with a phase-contrast microscope at a magnification of x450. Light transmitted through the specimen is deflected in varying intensities due to the beating action of the cilia and is detected by a photomultiplier cell, amplified and transduced as peaks on an oscilloscope. Due to the relatively high magnification, a small group of cilia may be focused upon and their activity measured. Specimens from two groups totaling 53 patients were measured; in the first group the frequency of ciliary beats was measured at 23 degrees C and ranged from 9.1 to 12.9 beats per second with a mean and standard deviation of 11.0 +/- 1.3 beats per second. The second group was measured at 37 degrees C, and values ranged from 10.3 to 16.8 beats per second, with a mean and standard deviation of 13.8 +/- 1.8 beats per second. These values are interpreted to reflect the autonomous frequency of ciliary beats of the isolated respiratory cells. This simple method may be applied to screen for abnormalities of ciliary beating in patients with altered respiratory mucous clearance, as well as to examine the specific effects in vitro of chemicals, drugs, or pollutants on human ciliary activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Psychiatric Eclecticism: a cognitive view.

Pluralism is necessary in psychiatry to compensate for the errors and biases characteristic of the equipment we use to appraise clinical "reality"--our own perceptual-cognitive apparatus. Our attention to clinical situations is skewed: we notice "data" consistent with past assumptions and formulations, and consequently, those views are reinforced by our perceptions. The eclectic posture involves approaching each clinical situation from multiple theoretical perspectives and settling on a perspective that most closely agrees with the patient's needs and wishes without sacrificing the best information available to the psychiatrist. Such eclecticism defines the psychiatrist's role as that of a broad-based scholar who can apply what he knows to the clinical situation. The author discusses the implications for clinical practice and psychiatric education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Postcombat violent behavior in psychiatrically maladjusting soldiers.

Thirty-one psychiatrically maladjusting combat veterans, referred for psychiatric evaluation either for administrative reasons or because of specific psychiatric symptoms, were interviewed while still on active duty two months to 1 1/2 years after returning from Vietnam. Thirteen of the 31 reported at least one act of violence against another person since returning from combat. The soldiers with postcombat violence more frequently than the nonviolent had a history of fighting in childhood or adolescence, of volunteering for Vietnam, of reporting thay they had killed four or more persons, and of reenlisting for additional tours of duty in Vietnam. Maladjusting soldiers who are violent following combat may as a group be more violence-prone both before and during combat than soldiers who are not, but definitive studies are lacking.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

The educational objectives of a psychiatric residency program.

The authors present a statement of the specific educational objectives of their psychiatric residency program. This statement is designed to help residents keep in focus the central tasks of their training and to provide the faculty with an organizing matrix for curriculum development. Through such specific delineation of their objectives, residency programs can also contribute to a clarification of the specialty.

Child Psychiatry↗
PubMed1975

Personal violence in infantry combat.

Thirty-one soldiers who had killed while in combat and who had subsequent psychiatric examinations were asked about acts of 'personal violence' in Vietna m (acts against persons at close range judged to be unnecessary from a military point of view.) Fourteen reported engagement in personal violence, while nine others reported witnessing such behavior. In this group, all who reported participation in personal violence had volunteered to serve in Vietnam. Significantly more participants reported killing four or more persons in Vietnam than did nonparticipants, and the participants more frequently had a history of arrest prior to military service. As a group, participants could be distinguished from nonparticipants by the average number of positive items present in each of several groupings of precombat variables. Personal violence in combat results from an interaction of individual, group, and situational factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Detection and growth of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in soft ripened cheese.

The organism most frequently encountered during the 1971 outbreak of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in soft ripened cheese was a strain that failed to ferment lactose broth within 48 h. Since existing methods for E. coli are dependent upon fermentation of this sugar, such strains can remain undetected, particularly when present in low numbers. Therefore a cultural testing procedure was developed to insure isolation of both lactose-positive and -negative strains. This method used GN broth, modified by substituting lactose and arabinose for glucose and D-mannitol, as an enrichment medium. MacConkey agar, used as a plating medium, was modified by substituting arabinose for half the lactose. The cultural procedure was used in conjunction with a fluorescent antibody method to screen cheese for the presence of presumptive enteropathogenic E. coli. Suspected isolates were subjected to further biochemical and serological testing and identified as members of specific serogroups. These methods were used for the analysis of over 2,000 wheels of cheese; over 10% of the samples tested were found to contain strains belonging to six different serogroups associated with diarrheal diseases. No attempt was made to confirm pathogenicity by in vivo tests. Enumeration of E. coli in cheese showed that numbers increased during storage. Cheese with less than 10 organisms/g initially increased to over 10-5 at room temperature and over 10-3 at 4 C within 10 days. With higher initial counts, levels up to 10-9 were found at 4 C. These studies showed that the high levels of E. coli encountered in these products cannot be used as a direct indicator of post-processing contamination.

Arabinose↗