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Biomedical subjects

J Yadav

Publications and source records attributed to J Yadav.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Immediate and late clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a 5-year prospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: Carotid stenting is a less invasive percutaneous procedure than carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid stenosis. Reports suggest that it can be performed with periprocedural complication rates similar to those of carotid endarterectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine short- and long-term outcomes in the largest prospective cohort of carotid stenting patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study followed 528 consecutive patients (604 hemispheres/arteries) undergoing carotid stenting. There was a 0.6% (n=3) fatal stroke rate and 1% (n=5) nonstroke death rate at 30 days. The major stroke rate was 1% (n=6), and the minor stroke rate was 4.8% (n=29). The overall 30-day stroke and death rate was 7.4% (n=43). Over the 5-year study period, the 30-day minor stroke rate improved from 7.1% (n=7) for the first year to 3.1% (n=5) for the fifth year (P:<0.05 for trend). The best predictor of 30-day stroke and death was age >/=80 years. After the 30-day period, the incidence of fatal and nonfatal stroke was 3.2% (n=31). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 3-year freedom from ipsilateral or fatal stroke was 92+/-1%. CONCLUSIONS: Experience from a single group of operators demonstrates that carotid stenting can be performed with an acceptable 30-day complication rate. Late follow-up also demonstrates a low rate of fatal and nonfatal stroke. These results suggest that carotid stenting may be comparable to carotid endarterectomy, and it underscores the clinical equipoise and premise for the National Institute of Health-supported, randomized Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stent Trial comparing carotid stenting with carotid endarterectomy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Nasal mucociliary clearance in healthy children in a tropical country.

INTRODUCTION: Nasal mucociliary clearance is an important physiological function of nasal cavity that helps in protecting the lower respiratory tract from undesirable organic and inorganic matter including the micro organisms. The study was designed to establish normal mucociliary clearance time in healthy children in a tropical environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in 100 randomly selected normal school children aged 4--15 years using saccharin method. The diseases that are known to affect the nasal mucociliary clearance were excluded. The study variables were age and sex. RESULTS: Mean nasal mucociliary clearance time was 5.7+/-2.59 min with no significant difference between males and females. The clearance time was found to be impaired in groups A and B including children of 4--7 and 8--11 years of age respectively. CONCLUSION: Nasal mucociliary clearance is impaired in children of either sex between 4 and 11 years probably due to subclinical adenoiditis. However clearance returns to normal level at the time of puberty, which coincides with adenoids involution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Female sexuality and common sexual dysfunctions: evaluation and management in a primary care setting.

Sexual dysfunctions are highly prevalent in today's society. Male sexual disorders have received considerable attention, leading to a multitude of treatment options. Female sexual dysfunctions, on the other hand, have gone vastly underreported and untreated. A large part of this could be attributed to social mores, resulting in an overall lack of communication. The complex interplay between psychological and physiological factors involved in sexual response requires a comprehensive understanding of the norm and deviations from it. This review of the literature attempts to bring this topic into focus by concentrating on normal female sexual response, the many levels at which these dysfunctions may occur, identification in a clinical setting, and current therapeutic modalities.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Nasal mucociliary clearance in adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

The nasal mucociliary clearance time was studied using Andersen saccharin method in 50 normal children and 50 age and sex matched patients of adenotonsillar hypertrophy, which was repeated one month after adenotonsillectomy. The normal mucociliary clearance time in healthy children was found to be 8.55 +/- 2.11 minutes. A significant impairment in nasal mucociliary clearance time was noted in children suffering with adenotonsillar hypertrophy which was 16.97 +/- 3.1 minutes, and early adenotonsillectomy restored the mucociliary clearance to a normal 8.7 +/- 2.14 minutes.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1997

Carotid artery stents: early and intermediate follow-up with Doppler US.

PURPOSE: To determine whether ultrasound (US) is a sensitive follow-up method after placement of a carotid artery stent for the detection of significant stenosis, occlusion, and other complications at early and intermediate follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Doppler US examinations were performed after stent placement in 170 carotid arteries in 119 patients with angiographic correlation. Prospective diagnostic US criteria for stenosis were peak-systolic velocity greater than 1.25 m/sec, internal carotid artery (ICA) to common carotid artery (CCA) peak-systolic velocity ratio of greater than or equal to 3:1, and intrastent doubling of peak-systolic velocity. Retrospective criteria for stenosis were also applied: peak-systolic velocity greater than 1.7 m/sec, ICA end-diastolic velocity greater than 0.4 m/sec, ICA/CCA peak-systolic velocity ratio greater than 2.0, and ICA/CCA end-diastolic velocity ratio greater than 2.4. RESULTS: Eighty-seven immediate and 83 intermediate (average, 7.3 months) follow-up US examinations were performed. Two stent occlusions were detected. One or more prospective US criteria were abnormal in 26 arteries with a stent. One or more retrospective criteria were positive in 47 arteries. Angiography showed corresponding findings, with only one significant stenosis (63%) in the ICA stents. Moderate collapse of a CCA stent was depicted at US. CONCLUSION: Only one significant recurrent stenosis was detected, and no significant stenoses were missed at US. US successfully depicted carotid artery stent occlusion and a moderate stent collapse. Sensitivity in the detection of intrastent stenosis is promising. Further study to refine US criteria in a study with longer term follow-up is needed owing to the lack of significant recurrent stenosis in the intermediate follow-up group.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

IgE levels of normal Indian children.

A number of factors, including age, sex and atopic status have been reported to influence levels of serum IgE. Serum samples were obtained from 350 (173 males, 177 females) non allergic normal Indian children of 0-15 years of age. Mean serum IgE value was 65.8 +/- 4.0 IU/ml being significantly higher in males (75.0 +/- 2.7 IU/ml) as compared to females (56.6 +/- 3.0 IU/ml). The levels were found to increase with age irrespective of sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Aphthous ulcer.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Monoclonal antibodies to human thyroglobulin: evaluation of immunoreactivity.

We have earlier reported production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to human thyroglobulin (h-tg). In the present study H10 I MAb was evaluated for its immunoreactivity towards different forms of tg and various human thyroid tumours. The specificity of H10 I MAb was validated by the absence of cross reaction with tri-iodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4) and human gamma globulins. Sodium-dodicyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresed (SDS-PAGE) immunoblot of h-tg on the nitrocellulose membrane revealed multiple immunoreactive bands on reaction with polyclonal antibody (PAb) in comparison with total lack of reactivity with H10 I MAb. The absence of immunoreactivity of H10 I MAb was demonstrated with SDS treated, Dithiothreitol (DT) treated and heat denatured tg using dot immunobinding technique. However, the H10 I MAb was able to react with tg treated with unfolding agents such as urea and guanidine hydrochloride. All the treated forms of tg were equally recognized by PAb. The immunoreactivity of the oxidized/reduced tg towards H10 I MAb was markedly reduced (60.0%) as compared to that obtained with native tg. It appears that H10 I MAb is directed towards conformational epitope involving sulphydryl bonds. Immunohistochemically, a comparable immunoreactivity between PAb and MAb was observed with normal thyroid tissues, follicular thyroid tissues, Hurthle cell carcinoma tissues and poorly differentiated thyroid tumor tissues using immunoperoxidase staining. The sections from papillary carcinoma tissue (thyroid as well as metastatic lymph node) exhibited intense immunoreactivity with PAb. Thyroglobulin present on these sections was not recognized by H10 I MAb. Nonetheless, H10 I MAb was able to detect tg in follicular differentiation wherever present. The absence of immunoreactivity of H10 I MAb in papillary carcinoma strongly suggests that this neoplasm produces tg which is antigenically different from the protein present in the normal tissue. The reactivity of H10 I MAb with metastatic lymph node of an unknown primary origin suggests its usefulness in the identification of prevalent metastasis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma other than papillary type.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Role of vagal and sinoaortic baroreflexes in circulatory adjustments to passive head up tilt.

To evaluate the contribution of vagal and sinoaortic baroreflexes in circulatory adjustments anaesthetized rabbits were subjected to 70 degree head up tilt with (i) both reflexes intact; (ii) after elimination of sinoaortic reflexes; (iii) after elimination of vagal reflexes; and (iv) after elimination of both categories of reflexes. The results suggest that vagal mediated baroreflexes from cardiopulmonary baroreceptors contribute significantly in circulatory adjustments to passive head up tilt while sinoaortic baroreflexes play the major role.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Role of vagal and sinoaortic baroreflexes in restoration of arterial pressure after acute mild haemorrhage in rabbits.

To evaluate the contribution of vagal and sinoaortic baroreflexes (SBR) in circulatory adjustments, anaesthetized rabbits were subjected to acute mild haemorrhage and the extent of recovery produced after haemorrhage was estimated. The recovery of arterial pressure after acute mild haemorrhage with reflexes intact was 96.19%, after elimination of SBR it was 79.20%, after bilateral vagotomy 87.38%, and after eliminating both reflex systems it was 75.66%. The results suggest that vagally mediated baroreflexes from cardiopulmonary baroreceptors contribute significantly in restoring the arterial pressure in response to haemorrhage while the sinoaortic baroreflexes play the major role.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

S-100 protein in clear cell sarcomas of the tendon sheath.

Fourteen histologically proved specimens of clear cell sarcomas (CCS) of tendon sheaths were studied for the presence of S-100 protein. Eleven cases were strongly positive, and 2 cases were weakly positive. There was only one case which was absolutely negative for this protein. This technique was useful to diagnose tumours which were not only easily diagnosed as CCS or soft tissue melanomas, but also in the atypical and spindle cell variants of CCS which have to be weeded out of the large family of other morphologically allied soft tissue tumours.

Humans↗