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Biomedical subjects

J Y Lin

Publications and source records attributed to J Y Lin.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The isolation and purification of pre-S2 containing hepatitis B virus surface antigen by chemical affinity chromatography.

A simple, rapid, and efficient method was developed to isolate and purify pre-S2 containing HBsAgs from the plasma of a single chronic carrier of HBsAg (adw) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydroxyapatite column chromatography, and polymerized human serum albumin-affinity column chromatography. About 500 micrograms of pre-S2 containing HBsAg was obtained from 140 mL of plasma containing 4,200 micrograms of HBsAg. Two purified pre-S2 containing HBsAgs were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their molecular weights were determined to be 31,000 and 68,000 respectively. No significant amount of HBsAg or its derivative was detected in the final product.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1987

Deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization analysis for the detection of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women.

The presence of Chlamydia trachomatis-related deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in endocervical specimens of 317 women was analyzed by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization techniques with deoxyribonucleic acid from C. trachomatis used as probes. Samples from 56 of 172 high-risk patients (32.6%) and 16 of 145 low-risk patients (11.0%) contained C. trachomatis-related deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. Direct detection of chlamydial antigen with enzyme-linked immunoassay on the same patients yielded positive rates of 26.3% and 7.3% for the high- and low-risk patients, respectively. C. trachomatis culture confirmed 86.3% of deoxyribonucleic acid-positive results and 84.0% of antigen-positive results. The overall sensitivities of chlamydial deoxyribonucleic acid and antigen assays were 91.7% and 68.8%, respectively, whereas the specificities were 95.3% and 94.7%. Results also suggested that the test of the C. trachomatis deoxyribonucleic acid correlated better with the female urogenital chlamydial infections than did the antigen test of C. trachomatis. The combined results of higher sensitivity in detecting the microorganism and better correlation with disease activity may make the deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization test a useful tool for the early and accurate diagnosis of C. trachomatis infections in female patients.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence and characterization of hippurate-negative Campylobacter jejuni in King County, Washington.

A total of 593 strains of thermophilic Campylobacter species were isolated either from humans with diarrhea or from poultry in King County, Washington. Of these strains, 98 (52 hippurate-positive strains and all 46 of the hippurate-negative strains) were selected for further phenotypic characterization and genetic classification. Hippurate hydrolysis, the test typically used to differentiate Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli, did not always correlate with the genetic classification. All hippurate-positive strains were classified as C. jejuni. Of the hippurate-negative strains, 20% were C. jejuni, 78% were C. coli, and 2% were C. laridis. Assuming that the remaining hippurate-positive strains were all C. jejuni, then hippurate-negative C. jejuni represented a small percentage (9 of 556 or 1.6%) of C. jejuni strains but a significant percentage (9 of 46 or 20%) of hippurate-negative strains. This finding suggests that hippurate hydrolysis should not be used as the sole criterion for differentiating thermophilic Campylobacter species, particularly when describing the disease states associated with these organisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hepatitis type B virus DNA in patients receiving hemodialysis: correlation with other HBV serological markers.

Possible presence of hepatitis type B virus (HBV) was assessed in 239 end-stage renal failure patients who were receiving long-term maintenance hemodialysis (average 30.8 months; duration: 1-94 months), and who had not shown any other symptom of HBV infection. Their HBV serological markers, including HBV DNA, were evaluated together with those of normal control individuals. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 42 of the 239 dialysis patients, 15 of whom also positive for HBV DNA (mean +/- SD = 56.2 +/- 23.7 pg/100 microliters of serum). HBV DNA was also found in 22 of the 197 (11.2%) dialysis patients who were negative for HBsAg, with an average of 36.2 +/- 19.0 pg/100 microliters of serum. This rate of detecting HBV DNA in HBV seronegative dialysis individuals was significantly higher than the rate of 1.83% found among healthy HBsAg(-) individuals. Among these 22 dialysis patients who were HBsAg(-) but HBV DNA(+), 15 were found to possess antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) and/or antibody against HBV e antigen (anti-HBe). These data suggested that the absence of serum HBV antigen or the presence of antibodies against HBV markers might not be sufficient to identify possible HBV infection in immunocompromised hosts such as hemodialysis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Large for gestational age: dilemma of the infant of the diabetic mother.

A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 128 pregnancies (131 infants) complicated by diabetes; 66 (51 per cent) were Class A and 62 (49 per cent) Class B-D-F-R. 53.9 per cent of all infants were large for gestational age (LGA) and there were no differences between the classes of diabetics. LGA infants occurred with equal frequency in those diabetic patients with pregnancy-induced or chronic hypertension. Congenital anomalies occurred in 9.7 per cent with 11/12 in Class A, B, or C. Major neonatal morbidity included: 1) hypoglycemia: two (3 per cent) Class A and 21 (32.8 per cent) insulin-dependent mothers (P less than 0.01); and 2) respiratory distress syndrome: seven (5.3 per cent) and all were in classes B-F (P less than 0.05). Modern management of diabetes in pregnancy has, for unknown reasons, increased the incidence of LGA infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Studies on the antitumor lectins isolated from the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor bean).

Three toxic proteins and one agglutinin were purified from the seeds of Ricinus communis by a simple and fast method using Sepharose 4-B affinity chromatography followed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The weakly adsorbed ricins A and B were retarded and eluted with the buffer from the affinity chromatographic column, while ricin C and ricinus agglutinin had to be eluted with 0.1 M galactose. The molecular weights of ricins A, B, and C were about 62,000 and that of ricinus agglutinin was 120,000, estimated by amino acid compositions and SDS gel electrophoresis. They all possessed two non-identical subunits: A and B chains linked by one disulfide bond. Their LD50 values were 4, 28, 14 and 112 micrograms per kg body weight of mice for ricins A, B and C and ricinus agglutinin, respectively. The amino acid compositions of the three toxins and their A and B subunits were very similar, but not identical, while ricinus agglutinin showed a different composition. Ricin A is a newly isolated lectin which has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of tumor cells. By using cell cultures, it was demonstrated that the tumor cells were more sensitive to lectin than non-transformed cells, and that this could be caused by the higher binding affinity of lectin to tumor cells than to non-transformed cells.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for the specific detection of hippurate hydrolysis by microorganisms.

Glycine, one of the end products of hippurate hydrolysis by microorganisms, was detected by a rapid, specific technique utilizing two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. A loopful of growth of each organism from its suitable agar medium was washed, suspended, and incubated with 0.1% sodium hippurate for 30 min at 37 degrees C. The supernatant of the incubated suspension from each organism was then dansylated, and the dansyl derivatives were separated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on polyamide sheets. Glycine, a product of hippurate hydrolysis, was detected under UV light. This technique does not require prolonged incubation and was found to be more specific and reliable than the standard ninhydrin reaction. In addition, it is inexpensive and can be easily conducted in a clinical microbiological reference laboratory. By this method, 100% (22/22) of Campylobacter jejuni and 0% (0/9) of Campylobacter coli reference strains were positive. In addition, 100% (13/13) of group B streptococci, 100% (24/24) of group D streptococci, and 90% (18/20) of Gardenerella vaginalis clinical isolates were positive for hippurate hydrolysis. This method is useful for the identification to the species level of Campylobacter organisms and the biotyping of Gardnerella organisms and for the detection of hippurate hydrolysis by unknown microorganisms.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1986

Studies on Ricinus communis lectin--carbohydrate interaction by means of affinity electrophoresis.

The affinity gel electrophoresis of lectins purified from the seeds of Ricinus communis was studied. The mobilities of lectins on the gel showed various degree of retardation with their affinity toward their macromolecular ligand-agarose. Ricinus agglutinin which possessed the strongest affinity was retarded strongly, ricin C, and ricin B moderately, and ricin A, weakly. The concentrations of free moving ligand-galactose to reduce the retardation were also correlated very well with the potencies of affinities of lectins toward the ligand. The Kd values calculated from the retardations were 4.32 microM, 18.32 microM, 28.13 microM and 52.88 microM for ricinus agglutinin, ricin C, ricin B and ricin A respectively. Affinity gel electrophoresis was found to be a simple and quick method for studying the interaction of lectins with their ligands.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of hepatitis B e antigen from human breast milk.

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) but not surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 20% of the milk samples taken from HBsAg carrier mothers by radioimmunoassay. The density of milk e antigen particles was peaked at 1.32 g/ml in CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation. HBeAg was found in 1.33 M and 3.24 M (NH4) 2SO4 precipitates from breast milk but neither of HBeAg in both precipitates showed exactly identical with serum-derived e antigen. Five bands of polypeptides with molecular weight of 8,000, 21,500, 37,000, 53,000 and 68,000 daltons were seen after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from the milk e antigen. In addition, the IgA was shown significantly high in HBeAg positive milk.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗