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Biomedical subjects

J Xu

Publications and source records attributed to J Xu.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Study on masticatory muscles and tooth long axis of miniature pigs].

OBJECTIVE: The similarities of masticatory muscles and teeth orientations between miniature pigs and human beings were studied in order to evaluate the use of miniature pigs in oral biomechanics research. METHODS: By means of anatomy, the shapes, start-stop points and orientations of muscle of major masticatory muscles of miniature pigs were measured. Inclination of upper and lower teeth long axis was studied with lateral xray film of mandibles. RESULTS: The main masticatory muscles of miniature pigs include masseter muscle, temptory muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle, medial pterygoid muscle and zygomaticomandibular muscle. The angles of masticatory muscles and base plane are 63.9 degrees in massater muscle, 114.55 degrees in temple muscle, 64.4 degrees in medial pterygoidp muscle. The long axises of miniature pigs teeth are 6.1 degrees in the upper first molar, 6.5 degrees in the lower first molar, 7.3 degrees in the upper third premolar, 3.8 degrees in the lower third premolar. CONCLUSION: The masticatory muscles of miniature pigs are similar with human being in the shape, start-stop point and orientation of muscle force. The third premolar and the first molar of miniature pigs inclinate mesially, and are similar with the first premolar and the first molar of the human beings. Miniature pigs can be used as an animal models which can explain some problems of gnathostomatic system of human beings.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of puerarin on fibrinolytic activity and lipid peroxide in patients with coronary heart disease].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of puerarin on superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation (LPO), tissue plasminogen (TPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. METHODS: Forty-eight patients were divided into two groups (treated group and control group). Treated group was given intravenously 600 mg puerarin, once daily for one week, also the same treatment as that of control was given. Nitrite colorimetric method, radioimmunoassay (RIA), TBA fluorescent development process and fibrinolysin specific colorbase substrate decomposition development process were used to determine SOD activity, SOD, LPO, TPA and PAI-1. RESULTS: After the treatment with puerarin, SOD activity was increased, LPO reduced, while without any changes in the control group. There was insignificant changes of SOD between the treated and the control groups. TPA and PAI-1 were increased significantly in the treated group, but was insignificantly changed in the control group. CONCLUSION: Puerarin can increase the SOD activity, decrease LPO level and enhance the activity of fibrinolysis.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1999

[Ankylosing spondylitis in Shantou: clinical experience in fifteen years].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Shantou area and improve the diagnostic level and therapeutic effect. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data, and the methods and effects of therapy were analyzed. Some patients were followed up. RESULTS: 94% of the cases had an insidious onset. Low back pain or discomfort, peripheral arthritis, positive "4" test and pressing tenderness over the sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine were the frequent symptoms and signs. The degree of sacroiliitis and involvement of hip and spine were related to the disease duration. However, hip joint involvement in juvenile onset AS did not relate to the disease duration. Some cases with disease duration as long as 16 years still remained at II of degree sacroiliitis. Clinical improvement was more obvious in the first two years of treatment. Although some patients came to a standstill condition after this period, yet the disease activity might still relapse with withdrawal of the treatment. The rate of adhering to the treatment for 1, 2, and over 5 years was 34.6%, 28.4%, and 10.3% respectively. The radiological changes frequently did not parallel with the clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis is of importance in improving the prognosis of AS and adherence to slow-acting anti-rheumatic drug therapy is beneficial in disease controlling. A follow up of more than 3 years is necessary to estimate the therapeutic efficacy, and the radiological change is the key indicator. AS is a heterogenic disease and the risk factors for prognosis should be further studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[The effect of sandostatin on sphincter of Oddi in acute severe pancreatitis in dogs].

OBJECTIVE: To study the pressure change of sphincter of Oddi (SO) in acute severe pancreatitis (ASP) and the effect of sandostatin on it. METHODS: Fifteen dogs were used and allocated into 2 groups: ASP untreated group and sandostatin group. The ASP model was prepared by retrograde ductal injection of a mixture of 5% taurocholic acid and autologous bile. SO manometic parameters including basal pressure (BP) and phasic contraction amplitude (PCA) were measured at each time spot before and after the preparation of ASP and after the administration of sandostatin. RESULTS: BP was obviously increased after ASP preparation and sandostatin could significantly decrease the BP of SO in ASP group but not PCA. CONCLUSION: Dysmotility of SO might play an important role in the severity and progression of ASP. Sandostatin may have beneficial effects in the treatment of ASP by decreasing BP of SO.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[RBC and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with bladder carcinoma: immunological study].

OBJECTIVE: To study immune function of erythrocytes and the correlation with the change of T lymphocyte subsets in the patients with bladder cancer. METHODS: The red blood cell C(3)b receptor rate (C(3)bRR), immune complex rate (ICR) and four kinds of tumor erythrocyte rosette tests were determined in 34 cases of bladder transitional epithelial carcinoma. The subsets of T lymphocyte were also determined by using flow cytometry (FCM). 30 non-carcinoma patients that well-matched in age and 20 healthy men were determined for comparison. RESULTS: The C(3)bRR, four kinds of tumor erythrocyte rosette rate, CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were lower in the bladder transitional epithelial carcinoma group than those of the control group. Meanwhile, ICR and CD8 were significantly elevated (P < 0.01). There was differentiation between G1 patients and G2 patients (P < 0.05). A positive correlation between C3bRR and the radio of CD4/CD8 was noted in the bladder transitional cell carcinoma group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma show lower erythrocyte function and disorder of T lymphocyte subsets. There is a close relationship between red cell immune function and T lymphocyte subsets. The cellular immune function (including the red cell immune function) in patients with poorly differentiated cells is lower.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Surgical treatment of dissecting aneurysm of the interventricular septum].

OBJECTIVE: To report a kind of extremely rare disease, dissecting aneurysm of the interventricular septum. METHODS: Between May 1992 and January 1998, 4 patients underwent surgical treatment of dissecting aneurysm of the interventricular septum in Fuwai Hospital, Beijing. The cause of the disease was different in these four patients. Two patients may be attributable to the aneurysm of coronary sinus of valsava, 1 to the result of trauma, and the other to big perforation (diameter: 2 cm) in the bottom of the right coronary sinus of valsava, through which the blood rushed into the cavity of dissecting aneurysm of the interventricular septum. The aneurysm was resected or repaired in these patients. Three of them were subjected to aortic valve replacement and one received repair of the perforation of the right vaslava sinus. RESULTS: Two patients had successful reoperation and the other 2 suceeded in the first operation. All of them were uneventfully recovered. CONCLUSIONS: The development of dissecting aneurysm of the interventricular septum is rapid. Its prognosis is poor. Early diagnosis and operation are necessary. The pathogenic mechanism of dissecting aneurysm of the interventricular septum is unknown, but echocardiogram, electrocardiogram and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are valuable for diagnosis. Surgical operation should involve the treatment of aortic valve disease. The wall of the aneurysm should be resected and the interventricular septum should be reconstructed. Good exposure can be obtained from the incision of the ascending aorta and right ventricular outflow tract. The A-V block should be treated simultaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Nosocomial catheter-related sepsis secondary to central venous catheters].

OBJECTIVE: To study bacteria and drug sensitivity of catheter-related sepsis (CRS). METHODS: Between February 1993 and December 1997, 52 patients with central venous catheter-related sepsis were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: The most common organisms were staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermis. The bacterial pathogens isolated demonstrated a marked pattern of antibiotic resistance. Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin with a sensitivity of 93.3%, and gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to amikacin and ceftazidine with a sensitivity of 51.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The effective treatment of catheter-related sepsis is removal of infected catheters. Vancomycin and (or) amikacin may be first chosen to treat CRS.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1999

[Dynamic monitoring of serum soluble HLA class I antigens in renal transplant recipients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relations between serum soluble HLA class I antigens (sHLA-I) and the period of acute rejection and infection in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: We measured the serum levels of sHLA-I in 36 renal transplant recipients with ELISA dynamically. RESULTS: The serum sHAL-I levels were higher in uremia patients than in normal controls [(2.94 +/- 0.34) microg/L vs. (0.76 +/- 0.33) microg/L, P < 0.05]. After renal transplantation, the serum sHLA-I levels decreased significantly in stable patients [(0.63 +/- 0.33) microg/L], but increased significantly 3 days before acute rejection and 5 or 7 days after infection. CONCLUSIONS: The serum sHLA-I levels can be used as a parameter for monitoring acute rejection and infection in renal transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Surgical treatment of Ebstein's malformation: report of 108 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To review retrospectively the experience of surgical treatment of Ebstein's malformation in 108 patients. METHODS: One hundred and eight patients with Ebsteins malformation underwent surgical correction, including tricuspid valve annuloplasty in 83 patients (73.4%) and tricuspid valve replacement in 30 (5 with redo-operation). Concomitant procedure included division of the abnormal accessory conduction pathway in 8 patients. RESULTS: The overall hospital mortality was 8.8%. The hospital mortality rate was 10.4% before 1990 and 5.5% after that time. There was a significant difference between the two periods (P < 0.05). The main causes of death were low cardiac output, arrhythmias and right heart failure. The mean follow-up time was 6.3 years. The heart function improved to be NYHA class I or II in 92% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical intervention is recommended for patients with Ebstein's malformation, especially for those with symptoms and cardiac enlargement. Tricuspid valve repair should be performed if anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve well developed. However, tricuspid valve replacement is advocated if anterior leaflet is dysplastic or its origin displaced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Early results of 1,110 cases of coronary artery bypass].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce our experience with Coronary artery bypass. METHODS: From January 1996 to March 1999, coronary artery bypass was in 1110 patients at our hospital. They were 985 men and 125 women, aged 27 - 78 years (57 +/- 9). 500 patients were aged over 60 years. 670 patients had a history of myocardial infarction. 450 patients suffered from instable, and 460 from stable angina. 169 patients had stenosis of the left main trunk (>or= 50%). The heart function of 240 patients was over NYHA class III, the EF of 123 patients was less than 40%. 454 patients were associated with hypertension, 133 with diabetes, 131 with ventricular aneurysm, 48 with valvular disease, and 5 with rupture of ventricular septal. 1048 procedures were performed on hypothermia cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and 60 on beating heart. Myocardial preservation was carried out by cold blood cardioplegia with potassium. The average time of CPB was 115 +/- 35 minutes, and that of aortic cross clamp was 72 +/- 24 minutes 110 cases received one graft, 145 cases two grafts, 415 cases three grafts, and 439 cases four and more than four grafts. Left internal mammary artery, great saphenous vein, and radial artery were used as coronary artery bypass conduits on 751, 877 and 101 patients, respectively. Total arterial myocardial revascularization was performed on 72 patients. Concomitant operation included ventricular aneurysmetomy (112 cases), plication (14), left ventriculoplasty (5), valvular procedures (48), repair ventricular septal rupture (5). RESULTS: 1 101 patients were discharged uneventfully. Early death occurred in 9 patients, (0.81%). Complication included low cardiac output (11 cases), introaortic balloon pump (7), perioperative myocardial infarction (2), complication of brain (3), and rethoractomy for bleeding (4). CONCLUSIONS: To identify adequate target vessel and completely revascularize ischemic myocardium are the key of coronary artery bypass. Perioperative treatment is important.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The vision distribution and causes of blindness in elderly population in Doumen county].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the vision distribution and the leading cause of blindness in farmer aged >or= 50 years in Doumen county. METHODS: Cluster sampling size was estimated within an error bound of 0.35% with 95% confidence limit, 1.25 design effect and 85% response rate. Presenting visual acuity was measured by ETDRS (early treatment diabetic retinopathy study) tumbling chart. Eye examinations of external eye, anterior chamber, lens, fundus and intraocular pressure were carried out by ophthalmologists. A diagnosis of the principal cause for all the eyes with presenting visual acuity less than 0.3 was made as well. The field survey was conducted by two teams after pilot agreement testing. RESULT: 5,342 individuals were examined in 36 sampling units. The prevalence of blindness was five-fold in the group aged >or= 70 years than in the group 50 - 59 years. The rate of blindness in the group with less education was higher than the group with 5 years schooling. The leading causes of blindness were cataract (44.90%), cornea opacity (16.36%), globe disorders (10.76%), refractive error (7.08%) and glaucoma (5.88%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of blindness and low vision was 2.67% and 19.91%, respectively in farmers aged >or= 50 years. The leading cause of blindness was cataract.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

[A study on visual function and quality of life in elderly population].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the visual impairment by visual function and quality of life assessment in elderly population. METHOD: All subjects aged >or= 50 years were identified by randomly clustering sampling. Visual Function and Quality of Life Questionnaire (VF/QOL) was administered by 5 interviewers for all subjects with presenting visual acuity less than 0.1 in at least one eye (as visual impairment group) and part of the subjects with presenting visual acuity better than 0.3 in both eyes (as control group). RESULTS: Five hundred and thirty-five eligible visual impairment subjects (90.8%) and 119 control subjects were successfully interviewed. In a 0 - 100 scores' scale, the subjective VF and QOL mean scores were 51.0 and 65.9 respectively. The mean score was correlated with age, sex and education. Mean VF and QOL scores decreased from 84.4 and 93.4 to 14.6 and 31.2 along with the visual status worsening from normal to severe blindness respectively. In stepwise linear regression model, the VF and QOL scores were significantly correlated with age and education instead of sex. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly population with visual impairment, subjective visual function and quality of lift status are deteriorated substantially. Their scores are significantly correlated with age and education.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[The prevalence of cataract in Doumen County, Guangdong Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of cataract, cataract blindness and the cataract burden in population aged >or= 50 years in Doumen County. METHOD: 5,759 individuals aged >or= 50 were identified from sampling units. The definition of cataract was the vision < 0.7 caused by lens opacity in either eye, among them the person whose vision in both eyes was < 0.1 was cataract burden and whose vision in both eyes was < 0.05 was cataract blindness. RESULT: The response rate was 92.76%. The prevalence of cataract, cataract blindness and cataract burden was 20.93%, 1.67% and 3.86%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The huge community necessary for cataract surgery still remains as a great challenge in China.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

[The significance of p16, cyclin D1 and pRb expression in soft tissue leiomyosarcoma].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of p16, cyclin D1 and pRb expression in human soft tissue leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and the relationship among these three proteins. METHODS: 42 cases of LMS were studied for p16, cyclin D1 and pRb expression with immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: The total abnormality percentage of p16, cyclin D1 and pRb expression in all 42 cases of LMS was 97.6%. The negative rate of p16 and pRb protein expression was 35.7% and 47.6% respectively, and the overexpression rate of cyclin D1 was 57.1%. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was also noticed in 55% leiomyomas. In the 20 cases of LMS which were pRb negative, 19 cases were moderately or strongly positive and one faintly positive for p16. Contrastly, in the 15 cases of LMS negative to p16, 12 cases were moderately or strongly positive and 3 cases faintly positive for pRb. Higher rates of loss of pRb protein were observed in the low-differentiated group than in the high-differentiated one. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The abnormality of p16-cyclin-pRb pathway is highly related to the pathogenesis of LMS. (2) Loss of p16 or pRb and/or overexpression of cyclin D1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of LMS. (3) There is a negative reciprocity between p16 and pRb protein expression in LMS. (4) Overexpression of cyclin D1 is a common molecular alteration that may occur in the early stage. (5) Expression of pRb is inversely related to the differentiation degree of LMS. (6) The expression of the 3 proteins studied has no relation to tumor location, recurrence, invasion or metastasis.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1999

[The effect of riboflavin on lipid peroxidation in rats].

In order to study the effect of riboflavin on lipid peroxidation in rats, randomized block design was used to study the effect of different riboflavin levels on the riboflavin status and lipid peroxidation of S.D. rats. The rats fed with riboflavin deficient diets for 6 weeks had higher levels of BGRAC, blood malondialdehyde and lower levels of GSH than those with riboflavin sufficient diets. The RBC SOD activity is also reduced in riboflavin deficiency rats. It is concluded that riboflavin deficiency increases the extent of lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Electrophysiological criteria for selection of operative procedure in the treatment of late incomplete obstetrical palsy].

OBJECTIVE: Using electrophysiological method to evaluate the severity of incomplete obstetric paralysis brachial plexus injuries, and establish an electrophysiological criteria for selection of operative procedure in the treatment of cases of late stage. METHODS: Neurolysis was performed in 16 patients, and during the operation, the neuroma at the upper trunk was discovered. The electrophysiological study was carried out before and during operation to evaluate the conducting function of neuroma. In the follow-up the operative result was analysed by Mallet test. RESULTS: The preoperative study showed that the compound muscular active potential (CMAP) amplitude of supraspinatus deltoid and biceps were decreased more than 60% in comparison with that of the healthy side. After external neurolysis of the neuroma, by stimulation of the proximal and distal ends of the neuroma the average decrease of CMAP amplitude of the above three muscles was 37.45% +/- 20.97%, 47.85% +/- 26.23%, 47.05% +/- 21.23%, respectively and no significant improvement was observed in the shoulder and elbow function in all of the 16 cases. CONCLUSION: When the preoperative electrophysiological study found that the CMAP amplitude decreased more than 60% in comparison with that of the healthy side, transposition of nerve or nerve grafting was indicated.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1999

[Solid-state fermentation with Penicillium sp. PT95 for carotenoid production].

A preliminary study on solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Penicillium sp PT95 for carotenoid production was performed. The results showed that the production of carotenoid in sclerotia of PT95 was more efficient in corn meal medium than in either wheat bran medium or cottonseed hull medium. Addition of nitrogen and carbon sources as well as vegetable oil to media was required for increasing the dry weight of sclerotia and carotenoid yield. Among several tested compounds for nitrogen and carbon sources, sodium nitrate and maltose were the best. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimum culture medium was obtained by supplement of NaNO3 3g, maltose 10 g, soybean oil 2.5 g to per liter of salt solution. Under the optimum culture conditions, the sclerotia dry weight increased from 5.36 g to 9.70 g per 100 g dry substrate, the carotenoid yield from 2149 micrograms to 5260 micrograms per 100 g dry substrate, the proportion of beta-carotene in carotenoids from 61.4% to 71.3%.

Carotenoids↗