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Biomedical subjects

J Wright

Publications and source records attributed to J Wright.

680 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pseudarthrosis of the rabbit tibia: a model for congenital pseudarthrosis?

The purpose of this study was to create a rabbit model of a pseudarthrosis of the tibia by passively constricting circumferential diaphyseal growth. A circumferential strip of Marlex mesh was placed around both tibiae of eight growing rabbits. It was sutured as a circumferential tube on the experimental tibia and not sutured together on the control side. The experimental tibiae developed significant narrowing, cystic changes, and sclerosis. Five of 11 experimental tibiae went on to pathological fracture, compared to no fractures in the eight control tibiae. The mesh was sutured together around both tibiae in another six rabbits. Release of the band 6 weeks later allowed healing of the narrowed tibiae, with or without an experimentally produced fracture. We conclude a passive constriction phenomenon may contribute to the development of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Removal of the band improved the chances of healing, which has implications for the treatment of children.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial distress and infertility: a review of controlled research.

Three hypotheses have been most often cited on the link between infertility and psychosocial distress: (1) psychosocial problems trigger infertility; (2) infertility triggers psychosocial distress; and (3) there is an interactive causal relationship between infertility and psychosocial distress. The controlled research on these three hypotheses was reviewed. The thirty publications that met inclusion criteria provide convincing evidence that, taken as a whole, patients diagnosed and treated in infertility clinics show significantly higher levels of psychosocial distress than do control groups. As well, in general, female patients score higher on psychosocial distress measures than males. However, the authors conclude that research designs to date have failed to control crucial variables that permit conclusive empirical tests of the three hypotheses. The paper closes with recommendations for future research that would accelerate the evaluation of scientific data available on the subject.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aortic xenograft valve performance at eight years. A comparative study.

The medium-term performance of commercially available xenograft prostheses in the aortic position, was evaluated in 198 patients operated upon since 1975. No associated procedures were performed in these patients in whom a variety of prostheses was employed. The valve behaviour has been compared with other xenograft series, homografts and synthetic prostheses. There was a 5.5% hospital death rate and a 7.5% late mortality. Five late deaths were valve related, five were unrelated to the valve and four were of unknown cause but in elderly patients. At eight years, 86.1% of patients were alive, the majority functionally improved. Thromboembolic events were considerably fewer than those experienced with most non-biological prostheses, all but three events being transient. Re-operation for primary valve dysfunction was a safe procedure but re-operation for infected prostheses carried a high mortality. In comparing the aortic xenograft with other prostheses, severe dysfunction was found to occur with similar frequency in all prostheses up to eight years and was rare. Mild prosthetic dysfunction (asymptomatic diastolic murmur) occurs in about 25% of all tissue valves at eight years, including the homograft. The progression, or otherwise, of mild dysfunction has yet to be evaluated in currently available xenograft prostheses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of community-based nurse case management activities for symptomatic HIV/AIDS clients.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate case management activities performed by nurse case managers in the California Pilot Care and Waiver Projects for HIV/AIDS patients. Nurse case managers, social workers, and site directors completed a 62-item survey. Significant differences appeared in ratings among the groups on five items. The nurse case managers responding to the survey indicated that a wide variety of nursing skills are used to provide case management services to persons living with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. This survey validates the interdisciplinary case management model in a community-based HIV population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Range of knee motion in normal neonates.

Fifty-seven normal neonates were examined at birth and at 3 and 6 months (to within 7 days). Range of knee motion and of hip flexion contracture were measured. Mean knee flexion contracture was 21.4 degrees at birth, reducing to 10.7 degrees at 3 months and 3.3 degrees at 6 months. Decreasing range of knee flexion was noted in the same period. The natural history of normal knee motion is important in interpreting findings in patients with neuromuscular disorders.

Hip Joint↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current strategies for the prevention and treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with AIDS.

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a common opportunistic disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Macrolides effectively prevented and treated the disease in clinical trials. In general, prophylaxis with clarithromycin or azithromycin is indicated for patients with CD4 cell counts below 50 cells/mm3. Treatment of disseminated MAC infection is lifelong and must include two agents with antimycobacterial activity. Clarithromycin plus ethambutol is considered the standard regimen. Potential alternatives are azithromycin, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, clofazamine, and amikacin. Several factors influence drug selection, such as the patient's immune status, evidence of treatment safety and efficacy, drug interactions, and potential for resistance.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗