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Biomedical subjects

J Wright

Publications and source records attributed to J Wright.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

An overview of cardiac surgery.

The scope of cardiac surgery has extended greatly in the last decade, advances being particularly in the areas of perfusion technology, ischaemic heart disease, and congenital defects in the infant. This paper sets out to summarize accepted current practice in the surgery of the heart and great vessels. Principles have been emphasized at the expense of detail, since the aim has been to present information which might be of interest to surgeons in general. Some aspects which have a special reievance to general surgical practice have been grouped separately for the sake of emphasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The metabolism of amphetamine in vitro by rabbit liver preparations: a comparison of R(-) and S(+) enantiomers.

1. Incubation of R(-), S(+) and RS(+/-) amphetamines with rabbit liver 9000 g supernatant indicated that R(-) was metabolized at a faster rate than S(+), but that racemic amphetamine was metabolized at the same rate as S(+) during one hour incubations. 2. N-Hydroxyamphetamine and 1-phenyl-2-propranol were the major compounds detected in both R(-) and S(+) amphetamine incubations. 3. Phenylacetone oxime was detected in significant quantities after 3 h incubations of R(-) amphetamine, but only in minor quantities from S(+). 4. A fall in the amount of N-hydroxyamphetamine present in R(-) amphetamine incubations after a 3 h period as compared to a 1 h incubation, paralleled by a rise in the amount of phenylacetone oxime during 3 h suggested that the oxime was derived as a secondary metabolics from N-hydroxyamphetamine. 5. R(-) and S(+) N-hydroxyamphetamines were both metabolized to phenylacetone oxime by rabbit liver 9000 g supernatant, but the R(-) enantiomer was converted at a faster rate than S(+).

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1977

A system of extension prostheses.

It is suggested that three basic types of extension prostheses are required as shown in Figure 1. Four methods of achieving these prescriptions using rigid, total-contact, polyester laminate sockets have been described, and the table (Fig. 6) indicates the correct method to be used for each type. These prostheses have proved very durable and repairs have been limited to replacing the straps and foot coverings. Advantages claimed are improved comfort, efficiency, and appearance, in addition to speed of fabrication and lightness when compared with conventional prostheses.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Susceptibility of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to oncogenic and attenuated strains of Herpesvirus saimiri.

Adult common marmosets, inoculated with either of 2 oncogenic Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) strains, developed fatal lymphoproliferative disease within 23-25 days post inoculation (PI). The disease was identical to HVS-induced lymphoma in cotton-topped and white-lipped marmosets. Common marmosets inoculated with an attenuated HVS strain developed persistent infection; virus has been recovered from cocultivated lymphocytes of these animals for more than 384 days PI.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Mononuclear cell fraction carrying Herpesvirus saimiri in persistently infected squirrel monkeys.

Circulating lymphocytes from squirrel monkeys persistently infected with Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) were separated into B- and T-lymphocyte fractions by a rosette-enrichment technique. HVS was isolated only from lymphocyte fractions forming rosettes or from unseparated lymphocytes; this indicated that T-lymphocytes were the target cells for HVS in the natural host, squirrel monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The HL-A type of Rg(a-) individuals.

The investigation of 2 examples of anti-Rga led to the observation that the phenotype HL-A 1,8 occurs very frequently among Rg(a-) individuals.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1976

Cytochemical localization of glycoconjugate in mitochondria.

Complex carbohydrates and cations have been localized by cytochemical methods in mitochondria of mammalian leukocytes, hepatocytes and oyster gill epithelium. Glycoconjugate of acidic nature was visualized with the dialyzed iron method in or on the outer membrane and inner boundary membrane and in the outer intermembrane space but not on the membranes of cristae or in the intracristate space, or matrix. Sulfated glycoconjugate was demonstrated with the high iron diamine method in a similar distribution and in, on, or between, membranes of cristae as well. Intermittent aggregates of dialyzed iron and high iron diamine stained material were often found in the outer intermembrane space. The periphery of isolated rat liver mitochondria also stained with a Concanavalin A horseradish peroxidase technique, indicating the presence of macromolecules, presumably glycoproteins containing mannose or glucose. The distribution of antimonate reactive cation in mitochondria of leukocytes resembled that of the acidic glycoconjugate, indicating binding of cations to anionic groups of the latter. The complex carbohydrates and cations demonstrated cytochemically in mitochondria are considered in relation to previous biochemical studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

"Flooding in vivo" during the circadian phase of minimal cortisol secretion: anxiety and therapeutic success without adrenal cortical activation.

Seven patients with maximally severe phobias for physical objects were treated by "flooding in vivo", i.e. live confrontation with the feared object. Each reported to the laboratory for 3 hr on five separate occasions, all in the early evening during the circadian phase of minimal adrenal cortical activity. At 20-min intervals during each session, blood was taken for cortisol assay, and anxiety was self-rated on a scale of 0 to 100. Treatment was carried out during the 2nd hr of the third and fourth sessions. The remaining time provided control observations. By behavioral and subjective criteria, the treatment hours produced very intense anxiety. However, they failed to evaluate plasma cortisol levels. The remission of the phobias was 100%. Anxiety, even when intense and dramatic, does not necessarily activate the adrenal cortex, and an adrenal "stress" response is not necessary for the therapeutic effect.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1976

Experimental infection of squirrel and marmoset monkeys with attenuated Herpesvirus saimiri.

Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) was propagated in vero cells for 3 passages at 39 degrees and cloned 3 times at 34 degrees. This virus was inoculated into cotton-topped marmoset and squirrel monkeys; all inoculated monkeys became infected as HVS was reisolated after their circulating lymphocytes were cultured with vero cells and measurable levels of antiviral antibodies developed that were measured by immunofluorescence and/or neutralization tests. None of the inoculated monkeys developed any signs of overt disease and all inoculated monkeys have survived 9 to 14 months postinoculation. The attenuated virus appears to be genetically stable as virus isolated from an infected marmoset was passed 3 times in vitro and then inoculated into other marmosets, which became infected and remained clinically well. Marmosets latently infected with attenuated HVS were not protected when challenged with a large dose (770 plaque-forming units) of oncogenic HVS, although these marmosets survived about 3 times longer than did inoculated control marmosets.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

In vitro metabolism of amphetamine: an apparent enantiomeric interaction.

The stereoselective formation of the major metabolites N-hydroxyamphetamine and 1-phenyl-2-propanol in incubations of amphetamine with 9,000 X g supernatant fractions of rabbit liver has been studied using deuterium labelling in conjunction with selected-ion-monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Comparison of separate incubations of (R)-amphetamine with those of (S)-amphetamine-d3 and of (S)-amphetamine with those of (R)-amphetamine-d3 showed that larger amounts of the two metabolites were formed from the (R) enantiomer. When "pseudoracemic" mixture (R)-amphetamine/(S)-amphetamine-d3 or (R)-amphetamine-d3/(S)-amphetamine were incubated the two metabolites were preferentially formed from the (S) enantiomer. Studies on the disappearance of substrate during incubation gave results in agreement with the findings on stereoselective metabolite formation. It was concluded that (S)-amphetamine or one of its metabolites inhibits the metabolism of the (R) enantiomer.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1975

Pituitary function in chronic alcoholism.

Elevated basal LH levels and an exaggerated response to LHRH were found in a high proportion of male chronic alcoholics. This was not associated with reduced plasma testosterone values. In addition, previous reports of an absent cortisol response to hypoglycaemia in a proportion of chronic alcoholics are confirmed.

Adult↗