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Biomedical subjects

J Wright

Publications and source records attributed to J Wright.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Problem-solving skills in happy and distressed couples: effects of videotape and verbal feedback.

Investigated communication in happy and distressed married couples, in two studies. Fifty-eight couples' problem-solving behaviors were evaluated by the spouses themselves and by trained observers. Some distressed couples viewed their own videotape; others received a placebo intervention. Half of the distressed couples received written feedback before a second discussion. Results indicated that (a) distressed and happy couples differed on some behavioral measures; (b) both happy and distressed wives engaged in more negative behaviors than husbands; (c) videotape and written feedback were ineffective in altering behaviors; (d) husbands' and wives' negative behaviors were correlated highly; and (e) spouses' and observers' ratings were independent. Implications for research on marriage and for behavioral couple therapy are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

HLA antigens in uveitis.

HLA antigens are associated with a number of inflammatory eye diseases, most notably HLA B2 with anterior uveitis (AU). This association varies between different populations and ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between uveitis and HLA A, B and DR locus antigens in an Australian population. Seventy-two consecutive patients with uveitis were studied (37 males and 35 females) over a 6 month period. Thirty-two percent of the AU patients were HLA B27+, as were 42% of males (19% females) with their first attack of AU compared with 60% of males (23% females) with recurrent AU. The only significant difference in etiology between males and females was the greatly increased incidence of rheumatic diseases in males, in whom 77% (10/13) had radiological evidence of sacroiliitis. Additional findings included a lack of association between the HLA B7 cross reactive group and DR locus antigens in AU as well as the lack of any HLA associations in the 13 patients with posterior uveitis (PU).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of nitrobenzimidazoles as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers.

Radiobiological and pharmacokinetic assays were performed to determine the potential of 2-nitrobenzimidazole (NBI) as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizing agent. As judged by comparing survival curve slopes of Serratia marcescens irradiated under aerated and hypoxic conditions, the NBI enhancement ratio (ER) at 2 mM concentration was 2.4 +/- 0.2, compared with an oxygen enhancement ratio of 3.3 +/- 0.3. 2,5-Dinitrobenzimidazole (DNBI) was investigated in vitro; its ER was 3.0 +/- 0.3 at 4 mM concentration. Very poor tissue penetration of DNBI precluded further testing in vivo. Acute toxic signs appeared in C3H/HeJ mice following ip injection of NBI at 100 mg/kg. These would be partly attributable to the stress caused by the high pH of the injection vehicle. The LD50 was estimated to be 125-150 mg/kg. Mammary adenocarcinoma tumors grown in the flanks of these mice exhibited maximum NBI levels at 5 min postinjection (ip). Peak tumor radiosensitization occurred in the interval between 5 and 10 min postinjection. The ER for tumor regrowth delay was 2.1 +/- 0.3 following 50 mg/kg injected into mice 5 min before irradiation. Functional evaluation up to 40 days after treatment revealed no evidence of neurological deficit.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Chronic granulomatous disease: a syndrome of phagocyte oxidase deficiencies.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of host defense due to the inability of the phagocyte to generate toxic oxygen metabolites upon appropriate stimulation. The disorder is heterogeneous even within the confines of a defective respiratory burst oxidase function, and may arise from a biochemical lesion at either the receptor, the activating pathways or the enzyme level. The identification of defects in plasma membrane depolarization, missing cytochrome and abnormal enzymatic function has yielded new insights into the pathophysiologic basis of CGD. A classification of this syndrome based on more precise biochemical criteria is proposed, which defines the disease as distinct from other associated enzymopathies with similar pathology and emphasizes the metabolic basis of the pathophysiologic defect in phagocyte function. Review of the clinical manifestations, pathogenic organisms and natural course of the disease, emphasizes the critical role of the oxidative metabolism of the normal neutrophil and offers a perspective on oxygen free radical biochemistry in the inflammatory response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Ocular leukaemia in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood.

Modern cytotoxic drugs increase the survival rate of children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL): But the eye is a pharmacological sanctuary and after clinical "cure" of the haematological disease the child may be blinded by leukaemic ocular infiltration. This is the history of a child who had had no recurrence of haematological leukaemia for four and a half years but following remission developed central nervous system (CNS) leukaemia followed by leukaemic iridocyclitis in the right eye after 20 months and in the left eye after three years three months from the initial diagnosis of ALL. Prophylactic cranial irradiation is performed on initial haematological diagnosis of ALL. This includes prophylactic irradiation of the posterior segment of the eye and optic nerve. Should this prophylactic irradiation of the posterior segment of the eye and optic nerve be repeated on diagnosis of CNS leukaemia and at specified intervals thereafter with recurrence of CNS leukaemia?

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1981

An evaluation of three approaches to the teaching of a behavioral therapy.

Evaluated the relative efficacy of three approaches to teaching mental health professionals how to do social skill training (SST). All three conditions received a minimal of a common reading package and videotaped modeling of competent SST. Ss in a structured learning format (SLF) as well receive instructions, rehearsal and feedback for a total of 20 hours (N = 39). Therapists in a seminar format (SF) condition discussed topics associated with SST raised by the readings and films for 20 hours. In addition to modeling and the readings, Ss in the workshop format (SF) condition received concise instructions on how to carry out SST during 6 hours of training. All three conditions showed equivalent and significant pre- to posttraining improvement on a questionnaire measure of familiarity with SST; however, only the SLF and CW conditions improved significantly on a test of the therapists' evaluative skills. Finally, on a measure of therapist behavior during a simulated SST session, the three groups showed roughly equivalent improvement. The results were interpreted in terms of the particular ingredients present in each condition, and directions for future research were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Genome of a mononucleosis Epstein-Barr virus contains DNA fragments previously regarded to be unique to Burkitt's lymphoma isolates.

We wished to learn whether the genomes of strains of EMB isolated from patients with infectious mononucleosis are consistently distinguishable from those of strains from Burkitt's lymphoma. The genome of a new transforming strains (FF41) of EBV isolated from saliva of a patient with uncomplicated infectious mononucleosis was compared with the DNA of B95-8, the only other available virus from mononucleosis. It had been found previously that B95-8 has a deletion of about 8 Md in the region of the physical map represented by the Eco RI C, Hind III D, and Bam HI I fragments. The W91 and HR-1 isolates for Burkitt's lymphoma are not deleted in this region and it had been proposed that additional information was characteristic of EBV isolates from Burkitt's lymphoma. By means of restriction enzyme analysis, blot hybridization experiments and molecular cloning of FF41 DNA we demonstrate that the deletion found in B95-8 is not present in the new mononucleosis isolate. The FF41 genome contains an extra 8 Md of DNA, represented by Bam HI fragments B', W' and I', which are located in a larger Eco RI C fragment. Thus the genome of this salivary isolate contains DNA that had previously been regarded to be unique to strains from Burkitt's lymphoma. It is therefore unlikely that major insertions or deletions in the EBV genome account for differences in disease manifestation following EBV infection.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1981

Resistance of neonatal human lymphoid cells to infection by herpes simplex virus overcome by aging cells in culture.

Mononuclear leukocytes freshly harvested from human umbilical cord blood were refractory to infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, whereas cells aged in vitro for a week produced 10- to 100-fold or greater more virus. Increased sensitivity of aged cells to infection by HSV was not dependent on active DNA synthesis by the cells at the time of exposure to HSV. The aging phenomenon was not due to the outgrowth of a specific cell subpopulation that is uniquely susceptible to HSV because increased sensitivity to HSV type 1 occurred in a variety of cell subpopulations enriched or depleted of T lymphocytes, phagocytic cells, or adherent cells. About 25% of aged cells contained virions detectable by electron microscopy, considerably more cells than formed infectious centers. These virions were seen in large activated lymphocytes which are the principal cell subpopulation present in the aged cultures, but virions were also seen in small lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Demonstrative evidence developed at the autopsy.

A postmortem examination early during the investigative period of the murder of a young law enforcement officer on the edge of the Kansas Turnpike led to the development and application of a technique for the preservation of evidence by a visiting consultant. This resulted in the construction of a life-sized head which was used to demonstrate the entrance and exit sites of two bullets through the head and the site of the injury to the head from a pistol butt. This exhibit provided a dynamic demonstration of the relationship of the fatal weapon to the victim and contributed to the understanding of the paths of the bullets which passed through the victim's head into the ground. The technique is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute bleeding varices: a five-year prospective evaluation of tamponade and sclerotherapy.

In a five-year study of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 143 patients had esophageal varices diagnosed on emergency endoscopic examination. Seventy-one patients had active bleeding from varices and required Sengstaken tube tamponade during at least one hospital admission. The remaining patients included 33 with variceal bleeding which had stopped and 39 who were bleeding from another source. Sixty-six of the former group of 71 patients were referred for emergency injection sclerotherapy. These 66 patients were followed prospectively to August 1980, and had 137 episodes of endoscopically proven variceal bleeding requiring Sengstaken tube control followed by injection sclerotherapy during 93 separate hospital admissions. Definitive control of hemorrhage was achieved in 95% the patients admitted to the hospital (single injection 70%; two or three injections 22%). The death rate per hospital admission was 28%. No patient died of continued variceal bleeding, and exsanguinating variceal hemorrhage no longer poses a major problem at our hospital. The combined use of initial Sengstaken tube tamponade followed by injection sclerotherapy has simplified emergency treatment in the group of patients who continue to bleed actively from esophageal varices, despite initial conservative treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of group versus individual nutrition education in overweight patients with myocardial infarction.

Thirty-nine obese patients (weighing in excess of 110% of ideal weight) were studied for 52 weeks following admission to the Coronary Care Unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The aim of the study was to compare, chiefly by anthropometric measurements, the response to a structured nutrition education program provided by a dietitian using three different levels of time involvement with the patients, firstly individual patient education, secondly group education and thirdly the issuing of written material only. Although there was no significant difference in the mean weight loss between the three education groups (8.1, 7.5 and 8.9 kg respectively) there was a trend towards more uniform weight reduction in those who received individual education. All but two of the 28 who attended at 52 weeks achieved weight loss. Thirteen patients attained 110% or less of their ideal weight, a 46% success rate. Reduction in body weight and most of the other anthropometric measurements occurred in the first twelve weeks of study, with no further significant weight change to 52 weeks. While these observations suggest that the overweight patient with acute myocardial infarction need not be subject to intensive nutrition education at the time of presentation, a more aggressive follow-up programme in subsequent months is recommended.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1981

The use of cooled irrigating fluid for transurethral prostatic resection.

Forty patients selected for transurethral prostatic resection (TUR) were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups. Irrigating fluid used in the first group of 20 patients was cooled to a constant 8 degrees C; in the second group fluid at ambient temperature was used. Measurements were made of the volume of irrigating fluid used and haemoglobin loss during and after operation; the weight of resected tissue and its histological appearance were also studied. The core temperature of each patient was monitored throughout the operation. Significantly less irrigating fluid was used in the group receiving cooled fluid. Although per-operative and post-operative haemoglobin loss was also markedly reduced in this group, the difference failed to achieve statistical significance. The clarity of the operative field was considerably improved by the use of cooled fluid.

Hemoglobins↗
PubMed1981

Extensive thrombo-embolic disease in pregnancy treated with a Kimray Greenfield vena cava filter. Case report.

A case of extensive ileofemoral venous thrombosis complicating a twin pregnancy was treated with a Kimray Greenfield inferior vena caval filter to prevent embolism. This is the first report of an inferior vena caval filter being used during pregnancy. Successful management of thrombo-embolic disease in pregnancy requires accurate diagnosis and aggressive surgical management together with a standardised anticoagulant regimen.

Adult↗