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Biomedical subjects

J Wong

Publications and source records attributed to J Wong.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Carcinoma of the colon and rectum with liver involvement.

The records of 126 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum who presented with liver involvement were reviewed. Prognosis was determined by the amount of metastases to the liver, which was usually extensive of ascites or a raised alkaline phosphatase level was present. The longest survival period was achieved with resection of the primary tumor along with hepatic lesions confined to a single lobe, especially those due to direct tumor infiltration. If liver deposits were found bilaterally, palliative resection of the primary lesion relieved intestinal symptoms. This may also prolong the survival time, because a fixed primary tumor appeared to diminish the outlook among patients with comparable liver disease. Palliative resection in the presence of ascites resulted in a high mortality, and the survival rate was no better than that after diversion procedures. We recommend resection without anastomosis for carcinoma of the rectosigmoid in patients with ascites and unresectable secondary lesions of the liver.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

A human T lymphocyte differentiation marker defined by monoclonal antibodies that block E-rosette formation.

A new human T cell surface antigen, Leu-5, has been defined using a set of monoclonal antibodies that block rosette formation between T lymphocytes and sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Four antibodies obtained from 2 different fusions using 2 immunized mouse strains all reacted with the same antigen. All these antibodies gave identical quantitative immunofluorescence (FACS) profiles, all gave the same staining profiles and intensities when used singly or in combinations, and all precipitated the same molecule. The antigen is a single polypeptide chain, 40,000 to 50,000 Mr, and is found on all thymocytes, peripheral T cells, and some null cells, but not on B cells. Leu-5 is a differentiation antigen that decreases in density as thymocytes mature to peripheral T lymphocytes. Thus, the Leu-5+ subpopulations ranked in order of decreasing Leu-5 density are: a subpopulation of subcapsular thymocytes greater than cortical and medullary thymocytes greater than peripheral T cells (cytotoxic/suppressor subset) greater than peripheral T cells (helper/inducer subset). The density distribution pattern of Leu-5 parallels the relative affinity of thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes for SRBC. We suggest that Leu-5 is either identical to or closely associated with the human T lymphocyte receptor for SRBC.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Carcinoma of the tongue: factors affecting the results of surgical treatment.

Sixty-five cases of carcinoma of the tongue treated by surgery were reviewed. The types of operation included hemiglossectomy, subtotal and total glossectomy with or without hemimandibulectomy and laryngectomy. Simultaneous neck dissection was usually performed except for patients who had radiotherapy and did not have clinical lymph node involvement. The hospital mortality and five-year survival rates were analysed for individual subgroups of patients classified according to clinical and pathological features. The overall hospital mortality rate was 21.5 per cent. The size of the tumour and the presence of extension posteriorly, to the opposite side and to the floor of the mouth increased the mortality. Lesions situated on the dorsum fared worse than those at the edge or undersurface. Clinically and pathologically involved lymph nodes adversely affected the mortality. The more extensive the resection, the higher the mortality. Old age and previous failed radiotherapy also increased mortality. The overall five-year survival rate was 46 per cent. Long term survival was not so much affected by the size of the primary tumour and degree of local extension as was the hospital mortality. Clinical as well as pathological staging of regional lymph nodes were more important in influencing long term survival. Recurrence after radiotherapy had a worse prognosis than previously untreated tumours.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Representation of racial minority students in selected Canadian university schools of nursing.

Several studies have suggested that the problem of inequality in educational opportunity for minority students, manifested by under-representation, prevails in American higher education. Under-representation of minority groups in schools of nursing is not an unusual problem. The dearth of information on representation of ethnic minorities in baccalaureate programmes in Canada provided the impetus for the investigators to conduct this study to: (1) explore the racial and ethnic composition of the student population in selected Canadian University Schools of Nursing; (2) determine the total number of withdrawals and graduations; and (3) establish baseline data for a follow-up study. This study was exploratory in nature. A questionnaire was designed to elicit information on enrollment, admission, withdrawal and graduation of six ethnic minority groups in the 5 year period, 1974-1978. Out of 18 schools surveyed, nine schools responded with the requested statistical information. Findings of this study supported findings of other research studies conducted in the United States in that the ethnic minorities were under-represented, and their academic survival rates were low. Statistics presented in this study should not be interpreted as conclusive. Many questions crucial to exploring and understanding the pattern of representation of racial and ethnic minority nursing students are still unanswered. A better designed, long-term study is needed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1980

The effectiveness of clinical teaching: a model for self-evaluation.

The most widely used process for evaluating teachers' effectiveness is student ratings. Although student ratings of teachers are vitally important in the evaluation process, self-evaluation and that of peers are equally important in accurately defining an individual's effectiveness in his/her teaching role. The model for self-evaluation of clinical teaching presented in this paper is adapted from the analysis in Jacobson's model of instruction evaluation. This model comprises three steps: the pre-active, interactive, and post-active. The pre-active step in clinical teaching includes such activities as preparing objectives for both teacher and students, and communicating them to the students before clinical practice. The interactive step in clinical teaching may be seen as the actual process of teaching in the clinical area, with its central activity as being the preparation and presentation of clinical assignments to the students. It is in this step when the teacher-student relationship is put to a real test. The post-active step is a process for finding out the extent to which the teacher has achieved the desired results. This step also entails such activities as grading assignments, evaluating students' clinical performance, and conducting post-experience clinical conference. A check list for self-evaluation of clinical teaching is included.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1980

Pharyngocutaneous fistula complicating total laryngectomy.

A series of 124 total laryngectomies for carcinoma is reviewed. The postoperative morbidity is discussed, and pharyngocutaneous fistula was found to occur in 30 patients. Its management is reviewed, and consideration is given to its relation to preoperative irradiation. This was found to increase its incidence and adversely affect the prospects of successful closure.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Splenectomy in children in Hong Kong.

A review of the hospital course of 82 splenectomies in children performed in the past 15 years has been carried out. Three indications have been identified: therapeutic, diagnostic, and traumatic. Thalassemia was identified as the commonest indication. Comparisons of the spleens removed showed that those from thalassaemia patients were the biggest, while those removed for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), lymphoma staging, and trauma, were small. Twenty-eight per cent of patients had accessory spleens. Intrathoracic complications were frequent in the traumatic cases, whereas wound complications were commoner after splenectomies carried out for haematological reasons. No gallstones were detected. The platelet response to the various indications was studied and compared. There were two postoperative deaths.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1980

Surgical treatment of cervical lymph nodes in carcinoma of the tongue.

A series of 56 cases of carcinoma of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue treated surgically was reviewed. Lymph node metastasis occurred in 50% of cases. There was 22% false-negative clinical assessments of lymph node status for the ipsilateral side of the neck. Because of these and the difficulty in ensuring early treatment of subsequent node metastasis, concurrent ipsilateral radical neck dissection is recommended. When the ipsilateral side of the neck was involved the contralateral side has 22% false-negative assessments. Elective radical neck dissection for the contralateral side is recommended in this situation. The overall five-year survival was 50.6%, and was greatly affected by the status of the neck lymph nodes.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1980

Immediate operation for acute non-variceal gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients aged 50 years and over.

A prospective trial of immediate operation was carried out on all 123 patients aged 50 years and over who presented with acute non-variceal bleeding as shown endoscopically. The mortality rate was 11.4%. Four hundred and sixty-seven similar patients treated by a conventional and more conservative approach, viz., surgery only for massive, continuous or recurrent bleeding, over an earlier period of three years, had a mortality rate of 6.4% during the acute bleeding episode. In the latter series, the mortality for the 161 patients with emergency surgery was 11.8%. The aggressive approach carries no advantage over the conservative approach and is not to be recommended. In both series surgery for haemorrhage with associated medical illness carried a similarly high mortality (27.3% and 26.3% respectively), indicating that the timing of surgery in such patients, whether it is done as early or as late as possible, does not influence the outcome. This mortality rate of immediate Billroth gastrectomy for gastric ulcer was low (4.8%), so that operation in such patients should not be delayed.

Acute Disease↗