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Biomedical subjects

J Wolf

Publications and source records attributed to J Wolf.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Tortuosity of the lingual artery and coronary atherosclerosis.

In a series of 69 human cadavers (age range 18-95 years), the tortuosity of the lingual artery and its association to age, sex, death of cardiovascular disease and general atherosclerotic state as assessed at necropsy were studied. The tortuosity increased significantly with age, but there were no sex differences. Within the three age groups there were no significant associations between arterial tortuosity and death from cardiovascular disease or general atherosclerotic state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal colonization with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in the first 2 years of life.

Two hundred children were followed from birth through 2 years of age with nasopharyngeal cultures to determine the normal colonization pattern of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Forty-four percent of the children were colonized on one or more occasions; the acquisition rate was greatest in the first year. Monthly prevalence rates were 11%. Colonization with the initial strain persisted 1-5 months (median, 2). Children carried 1 predominant strain at a time but became colonized with up to 7 different strains (mean, 2.2). Children colonized with a single strain for < or = 2 months produced a greater nasopharyngeal secretory IgA to nontypeable H. influenzae response than did children colonized with different strains (log 2.35 +/- 0.68 vs. 1.89 +/- 0.25 U of P6 secretory IgA/ng/mL of total secretory IgA, P < .01). The duration of colonization with a strain and acquisition of a new strain may be affected in part by the local production of specific secretory IgA.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Relations between genetic distance of parental pig breeds and heterozygosity of their F1 crosses measured by genetic markers.

The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which increment of heterozygosity in F1 crosses can be predicted from genetic distance of parental breeds. For this purpose, 38 polymorphic marker loci (blood groups, allotypes, polymorphic proteins and enzymes) were tested in 1115 purebred animals (Duroc, Hampshire and Czech Meat Pig as sire breeds; Landrace, Large White and Black Pied Prestice as dam breeds) and in 1428 crossbred animals of the resulting nine crossbred groups. The number of animals in each genetic group ranged from 75 to 230. On the basis of the allele frequencies of the scored loci, three measures of genetic diversity (heterozygosity, standardized heterozygosity, effective number of alleles) were calculated in all 15 genetic groups. Furthermore, two measures of genetic distance (Nei's standard genetic distance and Gregorius' absolute genetic distance) were calculated between the parental populations. High correlations (Pearson product-moment correlation 0.62 to 0.73; Spearman rank correlation 0.58 to 0.85) were found between the increment of heterozygosity in the crosses (in relation to the mean of the heterozygosities of parental populations) and the genetic distance between the parental populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Radiographic signs in the TMJ and finger joints in elderly people.

Radiographic signs in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and finger joints were investigated in a series of 139 residents of elderly people's homes using panoramic tomographs and dorso-volar radiographs. Radiographic signs in TMJs were found in 14% of the subjects, whereas all subjects had signs in at least one finger joint. The TMJs of men and women were equally affected, whereas signs in finger joints were more severe in women. No correlation was found between radiographic signs in TMJs and finger joints, suggesting that most signs in TMJs are probably due to local factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Changes in the position of the mental foramen as a result of alveolar atrophy.

The location of the mental foramen has often been claimed to be unaffected by alveolar atrophy. In the present study, the distances of the mental foramen and the mandibular canal from the lower cortex of the mandible were compared in a radiographed series of 40 edentulous elderly women with advanced alveolar atrophy and 40 elderly women who had 10 or more lower teeth left. The mental foramen was situated on average 3.8 mm lower in dentulous jaws than in dentulous jaws (P < 0.0001). The mandibular canal was also situated lower in edentulous jaws, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results confirm the finding that the mental foramen seems to descend as a result of alveolar atrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Prognostic criteria for the efficiency of non-surgical periodontal therapy in advanced periodontitis.

The aim of the study was to find out which clinical, radiographic and microbiological variables can be used as prognostic criteria for the efficiency of the commonly used initial treatment protocol comprising scaling, root planning and instruction on oral hygiene in advanced adult periodontitis. 46 patients (mean age 48 years) with untreated, advanced periodontitis volunteered for the study. The clinical examination included recordings of plaque, gingival and calculus indices, probing pocket depths, bleeding and suppuration after probing, probing attachment levels and furcation involvements. Infrabony and furcation lesions were assessed from panoramic radiographs. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were cultured from the deepest, most inflamed periodontal Pockets, from surface of the tongue and from saliva. 3 months after the completion of non-surgical treatment comprising meticulous scaling and root planing and instruction on oral hygiene, the healing was assessed clinically, and 13 patients were assigned to a maintenance care programme (MC) and 33 to further treatment procedures (FT). Evaluation of the baseline clinical and radiographic data showed a significantly higher %s of > or = 6 mm deep periodontal pockets, surfaces with suppuration, and sites with subgingival calculus, as well as higher numbers of infrabony lesions, in FT-patients than in MC-patients. Subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated at baseline in 55% of the FT-patients and in 38% of the MC-patients, and P. gingivalis in 27% and 23%, respectively. A. actinomycetemcomitans was eradicated by non-surgical treatment from only one patient. P. gingivalis was detected in 15% of the patients in both groups after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Radiographic structural findings in the mandibular condyles of young individuals receiving orthodontic treatment.

Radiographic findings in mandibular condyles were studied from the pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs of 625 orthodontic patients. The subjects' mean age was 11 years at the start and 14 years at the end of active orthodontic treatment. Radiographic condylar findings were seen in 14 (2%) subjects before treatment and in 54 subjects (9%) after treatment (p < 0.001). In age-related controls (n = 783) condylar findings were seen in 3% (p < 0.001). The condylar finding was 'flattening only' in half of the patients and in one-third of the controls with condylar findings. Activator treatment was associated with condylar findings (p < 0.05). Condylar findings increased with age in the orthodontically treated subjects (p < 0.05) but not in the unselected population controls. This may mean that condyles become more sensitive with age in children. Increase with age may be partly due to the radiographic interpretation, since minor condylar findings are difficult to observe in young children, and partly due to differences in treatment modalities and the duration of treatment.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1995

[Valve ring abscesses: apropos of 59 cases. A multicenter study].

The authors report the results of a multicenter study which recensed 59 cases (46 men, 13 women, average age 59.8 +/- 14 years) of valve ring abscesses defined by echocardiographic criteria alone (20 cases) or by echocardiographic and/or operative criteria (39 cases). The site of abscess was aortic (53 cases), mitral (5 cases) and tricuspid (1 case). The abscess complicated a prosthetic valve in 34 cases, occurred with a non-pathological valve in 11 cases or a pathological valve in 14 cases. Taking the 39 operated patients as a reference, the diagnostic sensitivity of transthoracic echocardiography was 25% and that of transoesophageal echocardiography: 88%. Bacterial vegetations were diagnosed with a sensitivity of 55% for transthoracic and 88% for transoesophageal echocardiography. The mediocre results of transthoracic echocardiography make transoesophageal echocardiography mandatory when there is a clinical suspicion of abscess: transoesophageal echocardiography should be systematic in prosthetic valve endocarditis and widely employed in native aortic valve endocarditis. The clinical outcome of these cases was: 39 cases were operated: global mortality of 23%, and 18 cases were treated medically, surgery having been declined for various reasons: old age (2 patients), operative risk (1 patient), patient refusal (4 patients), general condition considered to be too good to justify surgery (11 cases, including 6 sterilised abscesses diagnosed some time after the acute infectious phase). The outcome of these 18 patients, who form the biggest non-operated series of valve ring abscesses to date, was studied in detail: 4 died (18% mortality), 1 was operated secondarily for progressive valve dehiscence and 13 had a favourable outcome with an average follow-up period of 2 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abscess↗
PubMed1995

Alcohol and drug use by surgery residents.

BACKGROUND: Although the use of alcohol and drugs by surgery residents is of concern, no large-scale studies of this specific population exist. STUDY DESIGN: A one-page, 36-item questionnaire on frequency of use of alcohol and drugs was administered to residents at the conclusion of the American Board of Surgery In-Service Examination. RESULTS: The survey showed that the use of drugs by surgery residents is relatively low when compared to drug use by other physicians. However, alcohol abuse continues to be a problem, and alcohol is the drug of choice of most residents. Cocaine used by surgery residents is generally obtained from hospital sources. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the optimistic findings of the survey, the authors advocate the following: Implementation of educational programs to prevent potential abuse of alcohol and drugs, and establishment of tighter controls on cocaine or use of a cocaine substitute for patient care.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Periodontal findings in spouses. A clinical, radiographic and microbiological study.

Clinical, radiographic and microbiological examination of periodontal conditions was carried out in 2 groups of married couples to assess similarities between husband and wife. The diseased probands (n = 10) exhibited advanced periodontitis and the healthy ones (n = 10) were periodontally normal. The clinical examination comprised the assessment of plaque, probing pocket depths, gingival bleeding on probing, suppuration, supragingival and subgingival calculus. The extent and type of alveolar bone loss was determined from panoramic radiographs. Bacterial samples were taken from the 6 deepest and most inflamed periodontal pockets and from stimulated saliva. The samples were cultured for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus and Peptostreptococcus micros. The mean detection frequency of moderately deep pockets (4-5 mm) and deep pockets (> or = 6 mm) was significantly higher in the diseased probands than in their spouses. The mean detection frequency of moderately deep pockets was significantly higher in the spouses of the diseased probands than in the spouses of the healthy ones. Deep pockets were found in 6 spouses of the diseased probands, whereas only in 2 spouses of the healthy ones. Both diseased proband and his/her spouse harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, C. rectus and P. micros in 4, 6, 9, 9 and 4 couples, respectively. Both healthy proband and his/her spouse harbored the pathogens in 0, 1, 9, 5 and 3 couples, respectively. P. gingivalis was found in 7 spouses of the diseased probands, but only in 2 spouses of the healthy ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗