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Biomedical subjects

J Wise

Publications and source records attributed to J Wise.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Metallothionein gene duplications and metal tolerance in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

A search for duplications of the Drosophila melanogaster metallothionein gene (Mtn) yielded numerous examples of this type of chromosomal rearrangement. These duplications are distributed widely--we found them in samples from four continents, and they are functional--larvae carrying Mtn duplications produce more Mtn RNA and tolerate increased cadmium and copper concentrations. Six different duplication types were characterized by restriction-enzyme analyses using probes from the Mtn region. The restriction maps show that in four cases the sequences, ranging in size between 2.2 and 6.0 kb, are arranged as direct, tandem repeats; in two other cases, this basic pattern is modified by the insertion of a putative transposable element into one of the repeated units. Duplications of the D. melanogaster metallothionein gene such as those that we found in natural populations may represent early stages in the evolution of a gene family.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Injection of type A botulinum toxin into extraocular muscles for correction of strabismus.

Between July 1984 and March 1985, 51 injections of type A botulinum toxin were given to 39 patients aged 11 to 81 years with various types of strabismus, including paralytic strabismus, sensory exotropia, consecutive and residual postsurgical deviations and partially accommodative esotropia. All deviations were documented by orthoptic assessment and photography. After treatment the patients were followed for up to 3 years. The beneficial effects of a single injection were modest, and a second injection was often necessary to achieve satisfactory ocular alignment. Thirteen of the 26 patients (50%) with nonparalytic strabismus and 10 of the 13 patients (77%) with paralytic strabismus had a good outcome (final deviation 12 prism dioptres or less). Adverse side effects included transient ptosis and diplopia and inadvertent vertical deviation. Twenty-one consecutive cases of nonparalytic horizontal strabismus treated with adjustable sutures were also reviewed. The results in these patients were more predictable and longer lasting than those in the patients who received botulinum toxin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

MMPI profiles in anorexia nervosa patients with and without major depression.

Anorexia nervosa patients with (AN-RDC+) and without (AN-RDC-) a current episode of nonbipolar major depression (MDD) differed with respect to their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles. Mean MMPI scores in AN-RDC+ significantly differed from AN-RDC-patients in all but two MMPI scales. AN-RDC+ patients had a significantly higher number of abnormal (T greater than 70) MMPI scales per subject and significantly more subjects with greater than or equal to 3 abnormal scales compared with AN-RDC-patients. These MMPI data suggest that the presence or absence of MDD in anorectic patients may distinguish meaningful subtypes and provide further support for the validity of the stratification of anorectic patients into those with and without nonbipolar MDD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The effects of hydraulic resistance strength training in pre-pubertal males.

In order to examine the effectiveness and safety of hydraulic resistance strength training in young males, 26 pre-pubertal males (mean age = 8.2 +/- 1.3 yr) completed a 14-wk strength training study. Subjects were evaluated before and after the 14-wk experimental period for pubertal state (Tanner's sexual maturity rating, serum testosterone, and serum dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate). Effectiveness of the strength training program was determined by measuring pre-post differences in: isokinetic strength for flexion and extension at the knee and elbow joints at two speeds (30 degrees and 90 degrees X s-1) (KIN COM, Chattecx, Inc., Chattanooga, TN), flexibility, standing long jump, vertical jump, body composition parameters, maximal oxygen consumption, and creatinine phosphokinase. Safety of strength training was assessed by biphasic musculoskeletal scintigraphy before and after the program and by physician evaluation of complaints by subjects. Strength training subjects (N = 16) participated in a 45 min/session, 3 session/wk, 14-wk supervised strength training program with an attendance rate of 91.5%. Participants performed concentric work using hydraulic resistance equipment (Hydra-Fitness Industries, Belton, TX). Eccentric work was not performed. Control subjects (N = 10) did not strength train but did participate in sport activities and activities of daily living. Results indicated that strength training subjects increased isokinetic strength as a result of strength training (average concentric work/repetition increases by 18.5 to 36.6% for the eight motions tested; torque scores over the first 90% of the range of motion increases by 13.1 to 45.1% for the eight motions tested). These changes were significantly greater than changes seen in the control group (P less than 0.05). Strength training subjects also demonstrated significant improvements (as compared to control subjects) in vertical jump (+10.4%), flexibility (+8.4%), and maximal oxygen consumption [+19.4% (l X min-1), +13.8% (ml X kg X min-1)] after the experimental period. Musculoskeletal scintigraphy revealed no evidence of damage to epiphyses, bone, or muscle as a result of strength training. Only one strength training-related injury was reported (left shoulder pain, 3 strength training sessions missed). In contrast, six strength training subjects sustained injuries during activities of daily living, resulting in 47 missed strength training sessions. It was concluded that, in the short term, supervised concentric strength training using hydraulic resistance equipment is safe and effective in pre-pubertal boys.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1984

Cogan's syndrome: a treatable cause of neurosensory deafness.

Cogan's syndrome, nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis associated with vestibuloauditory deficits, can vary in its presentation. This paper describes an unusual case in which deafness developed while the patient was receiving topical therapy with prednisolone and homatropine for mild bilateral iritis and right-sided nodular episcleritis. The 10-year-old boy's hearing improved dramatically with high-dose systemic steroid therapy. The importance of being aware that deafness may occur in children undergoing treatment for "routine" iritis is emphasized.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Diagnostic radiation exposure in trauma patients.

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were read from 31 patients with multisystem trauma after emergency stabilization to determine radiation dosage from diagnostic studies. Exposures did not greatly exceed permissible dose limits for the general population.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Adjustable sutures in strabismus surgery.

The results of conventional strabismus surgery are always somewhat uncertain, despite the most careful preoperative assessment. Yet it is important to achieve good alignment in patients with fusion potential who have intermittent exotropia, extraocular muscle paresis or a restrictive syndrome. Planning surgery for patients with thyroid myopathy and planning reoperations is particularly difficult. In 30 patients with various strabismus disorders the use of adjustable sutures proved safe and of value; the results were unacceptable in only 5 of the 28 patients with horizontal deviations. The inconvenience for the surgeon and the extra discomfort for the patient seemed outweighed by the predictability of the surgical result.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Dog-bite syndrome: an approach to its management.

Five cases of the dog-bite syndrome--palsy of the superior oblique muscle and a paradoxic inability to elevate the eye in adduction--are described. It is suggested that no treatment be given in the acute phase unless there are symptoms in the primary position, in which case peritrochlear injection of a depot steroid within 2 weeks of the injury may be of benefit. If after several months the ocular motility is still significantly restricted an attempt can be made to remove local scar tissue, with insertion of anchor sutures; recession of the inferior rectus of the fellow eye with adjustable sutures should correct residual symptomatic hypertropia.

Adolescent↗