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Biomedical subjects

J Winter

Publications and source records attributed to J Winter.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Computed tomography in intracranial cysticercosis.

The computed tomography (CT) scans and other radiographic studies of 23 patients with cerebral cysticercosis were reviewed. Parenchymal calcifications, the most common finding, are somewhat better seen on CT scans than on skull films. Ventricular cysts may be suspected by disproportionate enlargement of the involved ventricle. Cysts in subarachnoid cisterns are best detected by performing both CT and pneumoencephalography. Contrast enhancement was not seen with cisternal or ventricular cysts but may be with parenchymal cysticercus lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Labeling of EMI computed tomograms.

The importance of clear and complete annotation of computed tomograms is emphasized. The presence of an "L" on the right side of EMI brain scans displayed with the newer viewer equipment indicates the need for attention to this problem.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Isolation and characterization of human fecal bacteria capable of 21-dehydroxylating corticoids.

It has been known for a decade that human intestinal flora include organisms capable of 21-dehydroxylating corticoids. Yet the identity of the organisms synthesizing 21-dehydroxylase has remained unknown. Using diluted human feces, we determined the prevalence of colonies of 21-dehydroxylating organisms on a variety of media. Isolation from the medium of colonies with the highest prevalence yielded an obligate anaerobe capable of 21-dehydroxylating deoxycorticosterone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone. This transformation could be carried out in a prereduced medium by the microbial culture alone or in an aerobic medium reduced by growth of Escherichia coli. The culture shares many characteristics with Eubacterium lentum, the neotype strain of which elaborated both 21-dehydroxylase and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1977

The role of computed tomography in the management of cancer of the larynx.

Computed tomography (CT) offers a unique method of displaying the anatomy of laryngeal cancer. Asymmetrical contours of the thyroid cartilages have been found as a normal variant. Marked asymmetry may indicate buckling of the cartilage which could contribute to acute airway obstruction following radiation therapy. A low-density, soft-tissue plane medial to the thyroid cartilages may prove valuable in evaluating cartilaginous involvement with tumor. Computed tomography should make a significant contribution to more accurate planning of radiation therapy portals by showing the relationship of lymphatic spread to the primary tumors.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Major outer membrane protein of Campylobacter fetus: physical and immunological characterization.

The outer membrane proteins of Campylobacter fetus have been isolated by extraction of cell envelopes both in Triton X-100 and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Each method yielded a major protein component, which migrated identically in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and proved comparable in electrophoretic and molecular weight characteristics to the analagous protein from Escherichia coli. In addition, the surface of SDS-extracted C. fetus cells displayed a subunit structure similar to that observed in E. coli. The major envelope protein isolated with SDS appeared antigenically identical with one of the proteins isolated with Trition-EDTA on the basis of immunodiffusion reactions with specific antisera. Antibodies directed to the major envelope protein were not reactive in agglutination, immobilization, bactericidal, or opsonization reactions. Strains of C. fetus belonging to each of the three O serotypes possessed major envelope proteins comparable in SDS-PAGE but distinguished antigencally in a fashion paralleling the O serotype classification.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Diagnostic follow-up to consultant physicians by computer feedback.

A computer follow-up system has been developed which automatically prepares follow-up summaries for consultant physicians. This makes it possible to provide reliable feedback of diagnostic information in place of the traditional but haphazard word-of-mouth process. This system has been tested initially for surgical and autopsy-pathology follow-up of neuroradiology and nuclear medicine consultations using report conclusions available from the UCLA Natural Language Information Storage and Retrieval System.

Computers↗
PubMed1975

Antimicrobial resistance and R-factor transfer among isolates of Salmonella in the northeastern United States: a comparison of human and animal isolates.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 718 isolates of Salmonella from humans and of 688 isolates from animals was examined. Of the 46 different serotypes among the isolates from humans, Salmonella typhimurium accounted for 34%. Thirty percent of isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotic(s). Resistance to streptomycin was most common; resistance to tetracycline was next most common. Over 50% of isolates of S. typhimurium and Salmonella newport were resistant to four antibiotics. Resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, and ampicillin has increased steadily during the past decade. Most strains possessed R-factors, and resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin (but not that to cephalothin) was transferable. Among the salmonellae commonly isolated from humans, only Salmonella enteritidis showed limited resistance to antibiotics (5.8%). Antibiotic resistance of isolates of S. typhimurium, Salmonella saint-paul, and Salmonella heidelberg from animals was similar to the resistance of isolates from humans. Resistance to kanamycin increased markedly over the level noted in previous studies. R-factor prevalence was high. Antibiograms of the isolates from animals and humans were similar, although some patterns were seen only in isolates from one source. Ampicillin resistance was more common in human isolates, and resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamide, and streptomycin was more common in animal isolates. Salmonellae of serotypes other than S. typhimurium that came from humans were less resistant to all antibiotics than were isolates from animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolated in New York City in 1973.

One hundred and two Shigella sonnei and fourteen S. flexneri strains isolated from individual patients in New York City hospitals were investigated for antibiotic resistance. The S. sonnei showed 60% resistance to ampicillin and 58% to tetracycline and streptomycin. S. flexneri showed no ampicillin resistance but 50% resistance to tetracycline. There were marked differences in resistance of S. sonnei between hospitals which were not explainable by ethnic or socio-economic differences in the patient populations.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1975

Metabolism of deoxycorticosterone by human fecal flora.

21-Dehydroxylation, a feature of metabolism of corticoids in humans, was observed in mixed cultures of fecal flora of normal individuals on a Western diet. The model substrate, 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), was metabolized to 3alpha-21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (THDOC), 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan20-one (pregnanolone), and to two unidentified structures, metabolites X and Y. DOC was not metabolized in all media supporting growth of fecal flora. Conversion required an initial pH between 6.0 and 8.0. 21-Dehydroxylation occurred within 4 days of incubation in media inoculated with 10-minus 1 to 10-minus 7 fecal suspensions. In higher dilutions, containing obligatory anaerobes only, DOC was converted to metabolite X and sometimes also to metabolite Y. The yield of pregnanolone was related to the promptness with which the specimen was processed, to the presence of cysteine in the medium, and to the concentrationof substrate (optimum, 16 to 64 mug of DOC per ml). The yield of THDOC was related to the delay in the processing of the specimen, the concentration of substrate (maximum at 256 mug/ml), and aeration of the culture. Pure cultures of aerobic organism of fecal origin either failed to metabolize DOC or converted it to metabolite Y. Pure cultures of fecal anaerobes converted DOC to metabolite X and sometimes also to metabolite Y. Neither THDOC nor pregnanolone was produced by pure cultures.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

The value of the pulmonary-artery-seeking catheter in percutaneous selective pulmonary arteriography.

Selective catheterization of the main pulmonary artery via the percutaneous route using a pulmonary-artery-seeking catheter was successful in 98.4% of 122 consecutive pulmonary angiographic studies in 114 patients. Complications were comparable to those encountered in other studies. Myocardial perforation, a frequently reported complication, did not occur, a factor attributed to the "pigtail" design of the catheter. This catheter was found to offer a distinct advantage in performing percutaneous selective pulmonary arteriography.

Adult↗