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Biomedical subjects

J Winkler

Publications and source records attributed to J Winkler.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Autocrine growth regulation in neuroectodermal tumors as detected with oligodeoxynucleotide antisense molecules.

The cell lines of three neuroectodermal tumors, two glioblastomas (HTZ-146, HTZ-17) and one melanoma (HTZ-19) were established and screened for the expression of growth factors by northern blotting and immunochemical methods. All three tumors were positive for platelet-derived growth factor- (PDGF-) A-, -B-chain, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) messenger ribonucleic acids. Cultured cells as well as original tumor material were also positive for PDGF-AA-, PDGF-BB, and bFGF protein, as shown by immunochemistry. To investigate the possible pathophysiological role of PDGF and bFGF, antisense technology was employed with chemically modified nuclease-stable 14-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. Proliferation of all three tumors was reduced to a different extent with antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in vitro, targeted against PDGF-A-chain-, -B-chain-, and -bFGF-messenger ribonucleic acid. These data indicate autocrine stimulatory loops for PDGF and bFGF, which may be blocked, may have different relevance in neuroectodermal tumors in vitro, and may have conceivable future therapeutic implications.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

[Synopsis of the interactions of heart and lung function].

Due to the close connection between the functions of heart and lung there are no pathological changes in the one system without altering the physiology of the other. The interactions between heart and lung and their possible reactions are shown in some selected examples. On the one hand, in advanced lung diseases and in cor pulmonale one has to be on the look-out for concomitant disturbances of the left ventricular function for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy and on the other hand, there are deteriorations of chronic heart diseases due to secondary bronchopulmonary diseases. The treatment of combined cardiopulmonary disorders requires particular care.

Hemodynamics↗
PubMed1993

[Primary pulmonary hypertension].

In 1% of the patients with cor pulmonale the cause of the high pulmonary artery pressure remains unclear. The underlying severe and mostly progressive pulmonary vascular disease with unknown aetiology is defined as primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) with three different pathomorphological subtypes, plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy (PPA), thrombotic pulmonary arteriopathy (TPA) and pulmonary venoocclusive disease (PVOD). The endemic occurrence of PPH after the ingestion of anorexigenic drugs (aminorex fumarate) and toxic rapeseed oil lead to the hypothesis that PPH is a pulmonary vascular reaction to exogenous toxic agents on the base of a genetic disposition. The initial response could be an endothelial cell dysfunction leading to pathological proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, vasospasm and local disturbances of haemostasis. The derived therapeutic concepts with vasodilators (high dose calcium channel-blocking therapy, prostacyclin) and with anticoagulant drugs show some encouraging results. The lung and heart-lung transplantation have become real therapeutic options for the patients with PPH considering the mostly still very unfavourable prognosis of PPH.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1992

CAPD versus haemodialysis: a comparison in the same patients.

Most studies comparing CAPD and haemodialysis (HD) were done in different populations, matched for sex and age. The present report compared 13 non-diabetic end-stage renal failure patients who were treated for at least six months with each type of therapy. Analysis of the data revealed a higher haemoglobin during CAPD but no differences in the blood transfusion requirements. Serum creatinine, BUN and potassium were lower during CAPD and serum calcium was higher during HD. Serum cholesterol levels were higher during CAPD and returned to pre-CAPD levels during the fourth month after being transferred to HD. Hospitalization rates were similar with the two treatments. Our study confirmed previous sex- and age-matched studies comparing CAPD and HD therapy.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1992

Acute decline in renal function as a consequence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Two cases of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following ovulation induction are described, one of them following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and the other after conventional ovarian stimulation. This condition was associated with an acute reversible decline in renal function. The treatment and the possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Transcranial color-coded real-time sonography in the evaluation of intracranial neoplasms and arteriovenous malformations.

Transcranial color-coded real-time sonography (TCCS) was performed in 57 patients with primary intracranial brain tumors (n = 49) or arteriovenous malformations (n = 8) to evaluate its diagnostic potential. In 46 patients (81%), lesions could be identified employing this technique. In 7 patients, transcranial ultrasound examination was not feasible because of bone thickness; in the remaining 4 patients, the tumor was indistinguishable from adjacent brain tissue despite sufficient insonation, suggesting that these neoplasms are isoechogenic. The sonographic features of brain tumors were very similar: a hyperechogenic matrix of the lesion was interspersed by hypoechogenic pixels. Larger hypoechogenic areas (0.5-1 cm) gave evidence of tumor necrosis. Differences between the findings of TCCS and computed tomography concerning tumor size were found in 7 patients, in whom TCCS revealed an area of smaller extension within the corresponding hypodense area on the computed tomographic scan. Perifocal brain edema could not be detected by ultrasound examination. In 13 patients, a thin, hypoechogenic peritumoral halo was disclosed that did not correlate with perifocal brain edema identified by computed tomography and that may have been due to compression of adjacent parenchyma. In patients with arteriovenous malformations, TCCS permitted the identification of the main feeders, the nidus, and the draining venous system by color-coded depiction of intravascular blood flow. In conclusion, TCCS is an additional method for initial diagnosis and highly suitable for follow-up in tumor patients and provides valuable information about tissue characteristics and blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Causes of death in patients with end-stage renal disease treated by dialysis in a center in Israel.

The causes of death in 84 end-stage renal failure patients, treated with dialysis, who died during a 66-month period were reviewed retrospectively. Cardiac and infectious diseases were the main cause of death (27% each). These two constituted 44% of causes of death in hemodialysis and 75% in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Malignant disease (7%) and hyperkalemia (5%) were responsible for death only in hemodialysis patients. Patients who died following hyperkalemia were younger than 50 years old. Patients who died from malignant disease were dialyzed for more than 3 years. In summary, the mode of dialysis therapy, age at start of therapy, time on dialysis, and previous cardiac disease may play a role in determining the causes of death in dialysis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of arteriosclerosis on the wall elasticity of the human common carotid artery].

The arterial distensibility and the modulus of volume elasticity of more than 100 isolated human carotid arteries was measured and correlated with arteriosclerosis and aging. The loss of arterial distensibility progresses steadily with aging. Arteries with severe arteriosclerosis and arteries with minimal arteriosclerosis show almost similar distensibility. On the other side the differences between distensibility of arteries with moderate arteriosclerosis and arteries with minimal as well as severe arteriosclerosis, especially in the younger and middle ages, are significant.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

A successful treatment of an intrarenal arteriovenous fistula by percutaneous embolization.

A 37-year-old woman patient, known to have poorly controlled arterial hypertension that was diagnosed following a cerebrovascular accident at the age of 15 years, was referred to our outpatient clinic for investigation in 1987. An intrarenal arteriovenous fistula was diagnosed by selective renal angiography. Embolization of the fistula was performed using four 15-mm/5-cm coils, which induced thrombosis and obstructed the fistula. The vascularization of the affected kidney improved immediately. During the following 4 months, the antihypertensive treatment was stopped gradually, and the patient remained normotensive. This is an unusual case of a large intrarenal arteriovenous fistula, whose etiology was not clear, that was successfully treated by percutaneous embolization.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Transcranial color-coded real-time sonography in the adult. 1: Normal findings and cerebrovascular ischemia].

Transcranial colour-coded real time sonography (TCCS) is a new, non-invasive diagnostic bedside procedure allowing two-dimensional imaging of cerebral parenchymatous structures and large intracranial arteries through the intact skull. So far we examined a population of 183 patients und 53 normal subjects, all above 18 years of age. 24 (10%) subjects were not suitable for examination. Two-dimensional imaging of telencephalic, diencephalic, mesencephalic and pontine structures is feasible. Intravascular blood flow phenomena may be analysed quantitatively by an integrated pulsed wave Doppler system. The diagnosis of arterial stenosis and occlusion could be established in 14 patients each by analysing the colour-coded B-mode image and Doppler frequency spectrum. TCCS may complement diagnostic tools in neurology and may improve standardisation of transcranial Doppler measurements.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Transcranial color-coded real time sonography in adults. Part 2: Cerebral hemorrhage and tumors].

We examined three groups of adult patients to evaluate the clinical application of transcranial colour-coded real-time sonography (TCCS): 28 patients suffering from intracerebral haemorrhage, 36 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage and 38 patients with primary brain tumours. All sonographic examinations were performed through the intact skull. Cerebral haemorrhages were visualised via TCCS as hyperechogenic areas, which were closely correlated in size and location to CT findings. Apart from the imaging of subarachnoid haemorrhages and cerebral vasospasms, TCCS permitted the identification of the angiographically confirmed aneurysms in 76%. Brain tumours were delineated in the vast majority of the patients examined. In this type of pathology TCCS provided additional information on tumour extension and macroscopic appearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme by ramipril in serum and tissue of man.

Studies in animal models have indicated that ramipril is a potent inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in serum and tissue. In our study, the normal range of ACE activity and the inhibitory effect of short-term oral administration of ramipril on ACE activity in human serum and tissue samples of renal cortex, heart and blood vessels were determined. ACE activity in the renal cortex (125.2 +/- 11.5 nmol/mg per min) was greater than 600 times that of the heart (0.20 +/- 0.01 nmol/mg per min), greater than 500 times that of the veins (0.23 +/- 0.09 nmol/mg per min) and greater than 150 times that of the arteries (0.80 +/- 0.23 nmol/mg per min). ACE activity in the renal cortex and arteries 2 h after last dosing was almost completely inhibited by ramipril whereas ACE activity in the veins and heart was inhibited to a lesser extent. Our results demonstrate in man, for the first time, an inhibition of tissue ACE following short-term oral treatment with an ACE inhibitor.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Diagnosis and monitoring of subarachnoid hemorrhage by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography.

Thirty-six patients with acute spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (26 caused by rupture of an aneurysm) were examined by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography by using a 2.25-MHz ultrasound transducer. In 20 of these 26 patients (76%), the aneurysm could be identified by a characteristic abnormal blood flow pattern within the aneurysm in coronal and axial scanning planes by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography. Blood within the basal cisterns, on top of the tentorium, and within the ventricles and parenchyma was sonographically detected by increased echodensity in 75%. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid circulation disturbances and cerebral vasospasm were detected in two-dimensional B-mode images in 85% and 100%, respectively. In Doppler mode, intravascular blood flow velocity could be quantified. We conclude that transcranial color-coded real-time sonography, a new, noninvasive method for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, allows detection of the primary vascular lesion and monitoring of complications.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1991

Defective polymorphonuclear leukocyte formyl peptide receptor(s) in juvenile periodontitis.

Juvenile periodontitis (JP) is a disease characterized by severe gingival infections. PMN from some JP patients exhibit abnormal chemotactic responsiveness when challenged with the synthetic formyl peptide, FMLP. While investigating PMN function in JP, we found a patient in whom abnormal PMN chemotactic responses to FMLP were associated with a defective population of PMN formyl peptide receptor(s) (FPR). JP PMN failed to respond chemotactically when challenged with FMLP, but exhibited normal chemotactic responses upon exposure to purified human C5a. Furthermore, JP PMN were capable of degranulating and generating superoxide anion radicals as well as normal PMN upon exposure to FMLP. Binding studies demonstrated that JP PMN had a diminution in the number of high-affinity FPR. Studies in which FPR was radiolabeled by chemical cross-linking demonstrated that JP PMN FPR exhibited the same molecular weight and N-linked glycosylation as normal PMN FPR. JP PMN FPR, however, was more resistant to papain cleavage than normal PMN FPR. Autoradiograms obtained from 2D-PAGE of normal and JP PMN FPR demonstrated decreased amounts of FPR isoforms in JP PMN.

Adult↗