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Biomedical subjects

J Winberg

Publications and source records attributed to J Winberg.

154 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of effect of trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin on colonization resistance in the vagina of monkeys.

The effects of trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin, two antibiotics often used for treatment and long-term prophylaxis of urinary tract infections, on colonization resistance in the vagina of monkeys were investigated. Female monkeys were flushed intravaginally with one of the antibiotics or buffered saline or amoxicillin (controls) for six days. During or after this antibiotic administration a pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli, strain DS17, was flushed into the vagina. A persistent colonization was obtained in two of eight trimethoprim experiments and a transient colonization in one trimethoprim and two of seven nitrofurantoin experiments. These results did not differ significantly from those of the buffer control experiments. Neither the number of anaerobic bacteria nor the composition of the anaerobic microflora was much affected by these antibiotic agents, while amoxicillin both reduced the number of anaerobic bacteria and promoted E. coli colonization. We conclude that trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin exert a limited effect on the microecology and the colonization resistance in the vagina. From an ecological aspect both drugs seem to be good choices for treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infections.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cephadroxil promotes vaginal colonization with Escherichia coli.

The aim of this study was to examine whether a vaginal Escherichia coli colonization, mimicking the one seen in UTI-prone females, could be induced by local cephadroxil administration. When five adult cynomolgus monkeys were given a vaginal flush with a P-fimbriated E. coli strain, none became persistently colonized. When such colonization attempts were preceded by cephadroxil administration a persistent colonization occurred in 9/10 experiments. Cephadroxil also promoted a spread of fecal E. coli strains to the vagina. Reduction of the anaerobic vaginal flora can explain the breakdown of the colonization resistance. Clinical observations suggest that accumulation of E. coli around the urethral orifice increases the risk of UTI. Therefore antibiotics which promote such colonization may increase the risk for UTI in susceptible patients. From this point of view antibiotics such as cephadroxil may be less suitable for treatment of UTI-susceptible patients.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occurrence of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli in urinary tract infections.

The occurrence of Escherichia coli possessing P blood-group-specific adhesins (P-fimbriae) was examined in 97 children with urinary tract infections and 82 healthy controls. P-fimbriae were present in 91% (33/35) of the urinary strains causing acute pyelonephritis. Among strains causing cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria P-fimbriae were found in 19% and 14% of cases, respectively. Only 7% of faecal isolates from healthy controls carried P-fimbriae. The results were similar in three different studies. In most of the children with acute pyelonephritis the urinary pathogen was the predominant E. coli strain of the periurethral and faecal flora.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonnutritive sucking in tube-fed preterm infants: effects on gastric motility and gastric contents of somatostatin.

The present study investigated the way that sucking of a pacifier influences gastric secretory and motor functions in connection with tube feeding. Experiments were performed on eight preterm infants who were tube fed twice--once with and once without sucking of a pacifier. The time for tube feeding was significantly decreased and gastric retention decreased in five of seven infants when sucking a pacifier. Maternal milk was found to contain gastrin-17, somatostatin-14, and a somatostatin-like peptide larger than somatostatin-28. Somatostatin levels were significantly reduced in connection with non-nutritive sucking. Gastrin levels were increased in six of ten experiments 2 h and/or 3 h after bolus feeding, suggesting that these peptides were not only supplied by the milk, but were also released from the gastric mucosa. The presence of gastrin and somatostatin in gastric aspirates was established by use of chromatographic methods. The results indicate that somatostatin and gastrin are released into the gastric lumen in preterm infants and that sucking of a pacifier, in connection with bolus feeding, stimulates the gastric motor functions and facilitates the digestion process, probably via activation of vagal mechanisms.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma levels of somatostatin and gastrin in sick infants and small for gestational age infants.

Sick neonates often have a disturbed gastrointestinal motility. As somatostatin inhibits various gastrointestinal functions, we investigated whether or not somatostatin levels are high in sick infants. Somatostatin and gastrin levels were measured in plasma samples collected from sick and healthy neonates. Somatostatin levels were found to be significantly elevated in sick infants when compared to healthy ones, both term (91 versus 5 pM) and preterm (35 versus 5 pM). We suggest that the gastrointestinal symptoms seen in infants during illness may be related to an enhanced secretion of gastric somatostatin.

Gastrins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temperature, metabolic adaptation and crying in healthy full-term newborns cared for skin-to-skin or in a cot.

The aim of the present study was to compare temperatures, metabolic adaptation and crying behavior in 50 healthy, full-term, newborn infants who were randomized to be kept either skin-to-skin with the mother or next to the mother in a cot "separated". The babies were studied during the first 90 min after birth. Axillary and skin temperatures were significantly higher in the skin-to-skin group; at 90 min after birth blood glucose was also significantly higher and the return towards zero of the negative base-excess was more rapid as compared to the "separated" group. Babies kept in cots cried significantly more than those kept skin-to-skin with the mother. Keeping the baby skin-to-skin with the mother preserves energy and accelerates metabolic adaptation and may increase the well-being of the newborn.

Adult↗