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Biomedical subjects

J Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J Wilson.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Symptomatic vitamin E deficiency in cystic fibrosis.

A girl with cystic fibrosis who developed a neurological syndrome probably secondary to vitamin E deficiency at the age of 10 years is described. The severity of the deficiency and the early development of neurological features probably result from reduced intraluminal bile salt concentrations in addition to the pancreatic insufficiency.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Prolactin and seizure activity.

Prolactin secretion after tonic-clonic seizures (10 patients), complex partial seizures (five) and non-epileptic attacks (three) was studied in a group of children aged between 0.3 and 14 years. Seven patients with other subcategories of seizure disorders were also studied. Eight children with tonic-clonic seizures exhibited post ictal concentrations of prolactin greater than 500 mU/l. One of the children, who responded on one occasion, did not do so on another. Three children with complex partial seizures had post ictal prolactin concentrations greater than 500 mU/l, while in two the increased values were more modest (390 mU/l and 420 mU/l). The timing of the peak post ictal prolactin concentration varied from less than 20 minutes to a prolonged plateau for three hours. Other seizure types--simple partial with motor signs (2), absence seizure (1), myoclonic seizure (1), minor epileptic status (3) (with one exception), and non-epileptic attacks (3) were not associated with post ictal concentrations greater than 500 mU/l.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Causes of death in X chromatin positive males (Klinefelter's syndrome).

The causes of death in 466 X chromatin positive males (Klinefelter's syndrome) studied prospectively over the last 25 years have been analysed. We have previously reported the overall mortality to be increased by 50% and life expectancy reduced by about five years. A highly significant increase in mortality from cerebrovascular disease was observed in the sub group considered to be most representative of X chromatin positive males in general. In the age group up to 45 years this increase could be attributed to deaths from subarachnoid haemorrhage. An increase in mortality from respiratory diseases was observed in those ascertained in psychiatric hospitals. In the sample as a whole there were small but highly significant numbers of deaths from carcinoma of the breast and aortic valve disease. The deaths from carcinoma of the breast were comparable with those expected if female mortality rates were applied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Influence of angiotensin II on the concentration of arterial plasma electrolytes in anaesthetized sheep.

Angiotensin II and I significantly raised potassium and lowered sodium and chloride ion concentrations in arterial plasma, with peak changes occurring in the first 2 min of a 6-min infusion period. The octapeptide increased the arterial K+ level in a dose-dependent manner, but the response showed tachyphylaxis when multiple infusions of 6-min duration were administered after a recovery interval of only 5 min. Raising the arterial blood pressure by 20-33 mmHg with adrenaline and noradrenaline failed to account for the increase in arterial plasma K+ concentration produced by the two peptides. These findings, in particular the rise in K+ concentration, are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms by which angiotensin II affects arteriolar tone.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1985

Wedge resection as an alternative procedure for peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma in poor-risk patients.

Although lobectomy is the procedure of preference for patients with peripheral, clinical Stage I bronchogenic carcinomas, wedge resection of the tumor may be a satisfactory alternative in poor-risk patients. Between 1965 and 1982, 197 patients with peripheral bronchogenic carcinomas were operated upon. Clinical staging was established by radiography, bronchoscopy, and mediastinoscopy. Ninety-seven patients underwent lobectomies and 100 had wedge resections. The decision to perform the wedge resection was made preoperatively in the majority of cases based on the assessment of operative risks. Compared to lobectomy patients, those who had wedge resections were older (70.3 +/- 0.5 versus 64.9 +/- 0.5 years, p less than 0.001) and had a lower 1 second forced expiratory volume (1.56 +/- 0.03 versus 1.94 +/- 0.03 ml, p less than 0.001), a lower arterial oxygen tension (70.5 +/- 1.1 versus 75.6 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), and a higher arterial carbon dioxide tension (41.7 +/- 0.6 versus 38.7 +/- 0.3 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). Despite their compromised preoperative respiratory functional status, the wedge resection group had a 30 day operative mortality (3% versus 2.1%) and morbidity comparable to those of the lobectomy group. Actuarial life-table analysis indicates the cumulative survival rate at 2 years after operation to be virtually identical between wedge and lobectomy groups (72% versus 74%), and even at 6 years the differences in survival rates (69% versus 75%) were not statistically significant. We conclude, therefore, that by performing wedge resections in selected poor-risk patients, one may reduce the operative mortality and morbidity to an acceptable range without seriously compromising their long-term survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Second cancer following lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers in Connecticut, 1935-82.

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 19,000 persons with initial cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. Significant excesses for all second cancers were observed among patients with leukemia (34%), Hodgkin's disease (70%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25%), and multiple myeloma (24%). In general, the risk of second cancers was greater in males than in females, even for cohorts not showing an excess of surveillance-related prostate cancer. Among patients with leukemia, significant excesses of cancers of the lung, kidney/ureter, and prostate were noted; cutaneous melanoma was elevated only in males. These excesses did not persist in the small number of long-term survivors. Possible etiologic factors included tobacco smoking for lung and kidney cancers, medical surveillance artifact for prostate cancer, and immunosuppression for malignant melanoma and lung cancer. The large number and good prognoses of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia strongly influenced the pattern of second cancers when all leukemias were analyzed together; no evidence was found for an increased risk of second cancer in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A disproportionate number of subsequent cancers, particularly those of the kidney and ureter, were diagnosed incidentally at autopsy. Patients with Hodgkin's disease displayed significant excesses of cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, lung, female breast, and thyroid. The latter 3 sites remained significantly elevated in long-term survivors (10 yr or more postdiagnosis), so that radiation therapy may have contributed to their development. Among persons with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancers of the stomach, lung, brain, and connective tissue occurred excessively. The first 3 sites, plus cancers of the urinary bladder, remained elevated among long-term survivors. The brain cancer excess, not previously reported, may represent misclassification of central nervous system lymphoma. The risk of gastric cancer is reminiscent of similar findings in patients with both acquired and genetically determined immunodeficiency disorders. The alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, used extensively in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is known to cause bladder cancer in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Connecticut↗
PubMed1985

Second cancer following cancer of the digestive system in Connecticut, 1935-82.

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 64,000 persons diagnosed with cancer of the digestive system in Connecticut during 1935-82. Significant excesses of all second cancers combined were observed following cancer of the esophagus (58 observed vs. 33 expected), small intestine (41 vs. 24), and colon (2,268 vs. 1,714). A slight excess of multiple primaries was observed following cancer of the liver and biliary tract (47 vs. 40). The observed number of second cancers was nearly equal to the expected number for persons initially diagnosed with cancers of the stomach (251 vs. 258), rectum (952 vs. 941), and pancreas (40 vs. 40). Persons with initial cancers of the small intestine, colon, and rectum also had excess second cancers arising primarily in the colon, which suggested the influence of common etiologic factors or possibly misclassified metastases in some. Shared dietary, socioeconomic, or hormonal factors may explain the excess of uterine and ovarian cancers among patients with colon cancer and the excess of breast cancer among patients with colon and rectal cancers. Oral and respiratory cancers occurred more frequently than expected in persons with an initial esophageal cancer, which is likely due to common risk factors of cigarette smoking or alcohol intake, or both. The elevations in cancer of the prostate among males with cancers of the esophagus, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver/biliary, and pancreas are probably artifacts associated with increased medical surveillance of cancer patients. The prostate cancer excesses were limited to the first year after diagnosis of the initial cancer or decreased over time for all but cancer of the colon and small intestines. Increased medical surveillance may also contribute to the excess renal and bladder cancers seen within 5 years of diagnosis of stomach cancer. Excesses were also seen for second pancreatic cancer among small intestine and liver/biliary cancer patients and second kidney and brain cancers among those with colon cancer. The deficits of stomach and rectal cancer among persons initially diagnosed with the same tumors, respectively, were anticipated because surgical removal of the organ is the primary form of treatment. Patients with rectal cancer also had deficits of stomach and pancreatic cancers. Future research should clarify the role of diet, alcohol, metabolic and endocrine factors, and host susceptibility on the risk of second neoplasms following cancer of the digestive system.

Colonic Neoplasms↗