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Biomedical subjects

J Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J Wilson.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of 111In-labeled OC-125 antibody in cancer patients compared with the 19-9 antibody.

We recently reported on the pharmacokinetics in 14 cancer patients of the 19-9 antibody radiolabeled with 111In. We have now repeated this investigation in 18 cancer patients using the OC-125 antibody, in part to compare the in vivo behavior of two murine monoclonal antibodies of the same subclass administered as the F(ab')2 fragments, by the same route and at the same dose. As in the earlier investigation, 1 mg of fragments was infused i.v., and organ quantitation was obtained for up to 72 h along with frequent blood and urine samples for chromatographic evaluation. Analysis of urine showed that activity clearance by this route amounted to 0.29%/h and consisted of labeled DTPA only in early samples and metabolic products thereafter. Analysis of serum samples often showed the presence of a high-molecular-weight species appearing within 24 h. This species is probably due to antibody binding to circulating antigen, although the percentage of circulating activity present as this species did not correlate well with circulating antigen levels. As before, organ accumulation was greatest in the liver, although levels were significantly reduced (12% compared to 20% of administered dose at 24 h, P less than 0.01). Plasma clearance was also significantly different: whereas the label in the case of the OC-125 antibody showed one-compartment clearance kinetics and remained in the plasma compartment, in the 19-9 case the label diffused to a second, unidentified compartment.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Cross-linked polymers in the red cell membranes of a patient with Hb-Koln disease.

Membranes isolated from the red cells of a Hb-Koln patient were shown to contain appreciable amounts of N epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine, the characteristic product of the post-translational cross-linking of proteins by transglutaminase. Such an apparently irreversible fusion of membrane proteins may contribute to the membrane defect in Hb-Koln disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Priming of the respiratory burst of neutrophils by diacylglycerol. Independence from activation or translocation of protein kinase C.

Preincubation of neutrophils with certain agonists may "prime" the cells to cause increased responses to a second stimulus ("primed stimulation"). We used two approaches to examine the role of protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) in priming and stimulation by 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP): inhibition of protein kinase C by 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-piperazine (C-I) and measurement of protein kinase C translocation induced by priming and stimulatory concentrations of OAG. C-I had little effect on stimulation or primed stimulation by fMLP, suggesting that fMLP invokes events independent of protein kinase C. C-I equally inhibited stimulation and primed stimulation by PMA. Direct stimulation by OAG was inhibited, but priming and primed stimulation by OAG was unaltered by C-I. OAG concentrations greater than or equal to 100 microM caused translocation of protein kinase C, in correlation with direct stimulation of the respiratory burst. Lower OAG concentrations (10-30 microM) primed to stimulation by fMLP and, conversely, stimulated neutrophils primed with fMLP, yet did not cause translocation of protein kinase C. The data are compatible with previous assumptions that PMA and OAG directly stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes by translocation and activation of protein kinase C. However, priming and primed stimulation by OAG apparently invoke distinct transduction mechanisms other than protein kinase C translocation.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of indium-111 labeled recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for the imaging of thrombi.

The in vitro functional properties of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), its biodistribution in mice, and its pharmacokinetics and clot localization properties in dogs have been investigated after labeling rt-PA with 111In. The rt-PA was coupled with the bicyclic anhydride of DTPA using standard methodology. Amidolytic and fibrinolytic assays showed retention of protein activity when rt-PA was conjugated with an average of one DTPA group or less per molecule. Size exclusion HPLC showed each preparation to be radiochemically pure with 111In bound exclusively to the attached DTPA groups. Biodistribution in mice showed major accumulation of activity in the liver and kidneys. After administration of 0.5-1.0 mg of the labeled protein to dogs, blood activity decreased with a half time of approximately 5 min in agreement with previous reports of rapid blood clearance. Largely because of decreased blood levels, clot: blood ratios of labeled protein increased rapidly, in one study reaching 6.3 after 31 min, and satisfactory images of fibrin thrombi were obtained. The rt-PA may be labeled with 111In without destroying the ability of the protein to localize in clot and images of forming clot can be obtained with this agent within 1 h after administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Audit of work-load of physicians with a special interest in respiratory medicine.

A 6-month prospective survey was undertaken to assess the work-load of two consultant general physicians with special interest in respiratory medicine, one in a teaching hospital (TH) and the other in a district general hospital (DGH). The two firms dealt with similar numbers of inpatients of whom half had non-respiratory disease. Eighty per cent of the outpatient work of both firms was respiratory disease. The TH firm saw more referrals from other consultants and referred more patients, especially to other physicians. Practical procedures performed, the proportion of patients seen by the consultant at first attendance and the range of both respiratory and general medical conditions seen by the two firms was similar.

England↗
PubMed1987

Malignant evolution of penile horn.

We report a rare case involving evolution of a penile horn into a neoplastic lesion. This patient was treated with surgical excision and external radiation because of the invasive characteristics of the lesion.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1987

Do angiotensin-induced changes in sheep renal venous blood and plasma composition indicate a reversal of glomerular filtration?

Angiotensin II markedly lowers the relative cell content of renal venous blood both with injection into the jugular vein and into the left ventricle of anaesthetised sheep; angiotensin I has a similar effect in this regard when given intravenously but the decreased cellular fraction is much less evident with left ventricular injection when the direct presentation to the kidneys precludes prior intra-pulmonary conversion to angiotensin II. The angiotensins also produce readily demonstrable alterations in renal venous plasma electrolyte, protein, creatinine and urea levels. This pattern of changes is related to associated intra-renal haemodynamics, reverse filtration of proximal tubular fluid, a possible anti-diuretic action of angiotensin I itself on the peritubular capillaries and acute renal failure in man and experimental animals.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1987

Status of infants at birth and risk for adverse neonatal events and long-term sequelae: a study in low birth weight infants.

We evaluated the relationship of infant status at birth to neonatal morbidity and long-term development in 246 low birth weight infants (600 to 1750 gm). Nineteen percent of infants had 1-minute Apgar scores of less than or equal to 3, and 8% had an umbilical artery pH of less than or equal to 7.2. Acidosis was associated with an increased risk of grade 3 to 4 intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio = 3.3). Low 1-minute Apgar score was associated with an increased risk of death (odds ratio = 4.8). Grade 3 to 4 intracranial hemorrhage was a strong risk factor for cerebral palsy among survivors (odds ratio = 16.1), as was low 1-minute Apgar score (odds ratio = 2.9). Only 15% of cases of cerebral palsy in this study were associated with acidosis at birth.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1987

The comparative effects of verapamil and a new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker on digoxin pharmacokinetics.

Conflicting conclusions have been reported about interaction of calcium channel blockers with digoxin. The effects of verapamil (240 mg/day) and a new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, isradipine (15 mg/day), on the pharmacokinetics of 1 mg intravenous digoxin were compared. All 24 volunteer subjects were healthy, male, nonobese, and aged 18 to 38 years. Groups of 12 subjects received each oral agent over 15 days, with collections of blood and urine for 72 hours after intravenous digoxin. Significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in nonrenal (7.01 +/- 1.97 to 4.00 +/- 1.86 L/hr) and total clearance (14.1 +/- 2.6 to 11.5 +/- 2.5 L/hr) were induced by verapamil, without change in renal clearance. A near-significant (P less than 0.1) increase in peripheral volume of distribution contributed to prolonged elimination half-life (23.1 +/- 4.4 to 34.3 +/- 9.7 hours). By contrast, isradipine caused only a 9% reduction in volume of distribution. Verapamil causes digoxin accumulation by reducing nonrenal elimination. No evidence of clinically relevant interaction of isradipine with digoxin was seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A cuffed tube for the treatment of oesophago-bronchial fistulae.

An oesophageal tube provided with a foam-rubber cuff is described. The outside diameter of the cuff can be diminished while the tube is being introduced. After implantation, the expanded foam-rubber cuff achieves additional sealing of the oesophago-bronchial fistula. The tube described is suitable for sealing off oesophago-bronchial fistulae in the absence of the tumour-induced stenosis of the oesophagus.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1987

Neurological abnormalities in Wilson's disease are reversible.

The therapeutic responses of seven children with Wilson's disease who presented with neurological disease were evaluated. Neurological abnormalities comprised intellectual deterioration in 7, conduct disorder in five, dystonia in three, choreoathetosis in three, seizures in one and hemiparesis in one. Lethargy and weight loss were present for several months in 6 children. Four children had clinically demonstrable liver disease which was fatal in two. Electroencephalography performed in two children was normal. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain in three children showed cerebral atrophy in all and areas of low attenuation in the basal ganglia which resolved on treatment in one. All patients were treated with penicillamine but, in four, triethylene tetramine (TETA) was substituted because of adverse effects. Neurological abnormalities in these patients were reversible.

Adolescent↗