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Biomedical subjects

J Wilkins

Publications and source records attributed to J Wilkins.

159 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Transmission of rubella vaccine virus from vaccinees to contacts.

The report presents evidence of the transmission of hpv-77 derived rubella vaccine virus from vaccinees to two susceptible contacts. The first instance of transmission was to a child who served as a transmission control on a "closed" study ward, and the second was to an antibody-negative mother in an "open" family study. Neither of these persons had any clinical evidence of rubella. Both had significant increases in rubella hemagglutination inhibiting (hai) antibody titers, but detectable complement fixing (cf) antibodies did not develop in either. With the kind of antigen used in our rubella cf test, this pattern of serologic response is characteristic of, but not diagnostic of, infection with the rubella vaccine virus. The serological evidence which was compatible with rubella vaccine virus infection, the complete absence of serologic or clinical evidence of "wild" rubella virus infections among the other four rubella susceptible transmission control children and the security precautions employed to ensure isolation on the "closed" ward, make "wild" rubella virus infection extremely unlikely. The evidence for rubella vaccine virus infection in the other susceptible contact is not as conclusive, because "wild" rubella virus infection is difficult to rule out in any person living in an "open" family situation. Nevertheless the need for more data is emphasized by the virtual certainty that rubella vaccine virus transmission did occur in the subject on the isolation ward, plus the high probability that the infection observed in the family group setting also represented transmission of rubella vaccine virus. Such data can only come from close surveillance of recipients of live rubella virus vaccines and their contacts in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1969

Viremia in a recipient of HPV-77 Rubella virus vaccine.

A live rubella virus vaccine, HPV-77 (High Passage Virus - 77 tissue culture passages) was administered subcutaneously to eight rubella-susceptible children housed in an isolation ward. One blood specimen, taken on the tenth day after vaccination, from one of the eight vaccines, yielded a rubella virus. This virus had laboratory markers which were "vaccine-like." To our knowledge, this represents the first isolation of rubella virus from the blood of a recipient of HPV-77 vaccine. However, the consistent antibody responses among vaccinees and the regular presence of rubella virus in their pharynges argue that viremia occurs in almost every susceptible recipient. The most logical explanation for the failure to document viremia in other recipients of HPV-77 vaccine is that the viremia is ordinarily low grade or transient or both.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementation of an algorithm for modeling disulfide bond patterns using mass spectrometry.

The paper describes the implementation of a software system based on the Fenyö disulfide bond assignment algorithm. The system allows an investigator to enter data derived from mass spectrum peak assignments, a target protein sequence and other experimental conditions. The output of the system is the set of disulfide bonding pattern models that are consistent with the experimental evidence. The software and code are available through a public web site, which also has a functioning, publicly accessible version of the disulfide bond modeler. This implementation was tested as part of a project to check homology-based assignments disulfide bonding patterns of human integrins.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibiotic treatment of acute shigellosis: failure of cefamandole compared with trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin.

Intravenously administered ampicillin (AMP), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and cefamandole (CEF) were evaluated in 30 children with shigellosis: 11 children received AMP, 10 TMP-SMX, and 9 CEF for a maximum of five days. Discharge criteria included; afebrile greater than 12 hrs, less than 9 stools/day, absence of seizures, and adequate oral intake. AMP or TMP-SMX patients required significantly fewer median days to meet discharge criteria than those who received CEF. AMP and TMP-SMX patients had fewer median days with fever (one day each) compared with CEF (five days). On day five, 7 of 8 CEF, 3 of 10 AMP and 2 of 9 TMP-SMX treated patients remained culture positive. Inhibitory concentrations against all Shigella isolates from CEF patients all were less than or equal to 0.4 microgram CEF/ml. Intravenous TMP-SMX was equivalent to AMP in treatment of children with shigellosis, while CEF was ineffective despite in vitro activity. Clinical and bacteriologic responses were achieved with AMP and TMP-SMX in the majority of patients with less than 5 days of intravenous therapy.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipoperoxides in sebum of substance users and controls.

Sebum was collected from forehead skin in five compulsive heroin and/or cocaine (substance) users and in five controls over three consecutive periods, each lasting three hours. The participants were adult black and white men similar in age and smoking habits, who did not consume alcohol. Lipoperoxides were determined in sebum as malondialdehyde by high performance liquid chromatography. Two participants were excluded in the control group: in both, urinary lipoperoxides were elevated; in one, urine tested positive for delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). All other participants had negative urine drug screening tests. Relative to the controls, all substance users had elevated concentrations of lipoperoxides in urine. Compared to the controls, the rate of sebum excretion in the last collecting period was higher in substance users, but sebum had significantly lower lipoperoxide concentration. It is assumed that compulsive drug use may influence lipoperoxidation of incipient sebum, possibly by altered tissue perfusion.

Adult↗