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Biomedical subjects

J Wilkins

Publications and source records attributed to J Wilkins.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Considerations in reducing the infection rate in open tibial fractures.

During the period from 1979 to 1980, 109 patients with open tibial fractures were treated by a cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside, and by saline and topical antibiotic wound irrigation; partial closure was used for Types I and II open tibial wounds, and all Type III wounds were left open. Stabilization was accomplished by plaster alone, external pins in plaster, or an external fixator with full transfixion pins. The overall infection rate was 4.5% (5 of 109 wounds) in this study. This represents a significant reduction from the previous infection rate of 14% in 254 open tibial fractures treated by the authors in previous years by all methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Preparation and immunogenicity of vaccine Ac NFU1 (S-) MRC towards the prevention of herpes genitalis.

A subunit antigenoid vaccine, Ac NFU1 (S-) MRC, was used to prevent primary herpes genitalis in 60 subjects considered to be at risk of this infection. There was no evidence of serious local or general side effects. Neutralising antibody responses were detected in 59% and 90% of subjects receiving the low and high doses of vaccine respectively; immunoprecipitating antibody was detected at a lower frequency, namely in 23% and 43% of subjects receiving the low and high doses respectively. After a mean follow-up period of 18 months none of the vaccinated subjects contracted herpes genitalis after completing the vaccination course.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of cefotaxime with cefazolin for prophylaxis of vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy.

One hundred fourteen women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy (n = 63) or abdominal hysterectomy (n = 51) were randomly allocated to one of three groups: regimen 1--cefotaxime perioperatively; regimen 2--cefotaxime perioperatively and for 24 hours postoperatively; or regimen 3--cefazolin perioperatively and for 24 hours postoperatively. Febrile morbidity was evaluated with respect to antibiotics, number of doses, type of procedure, operative time, estimated blood loss, and wound bacteriology. Of the patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy, febrile morbidity occurred in three of 24 on regimen 1, one of 23 on regimen 2, and zero of 16 on regimen 3. Of those patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy, febrile morbidity occurred in three of 18 on regimen 1, zero of 19 on regimen 2, and two of 14 on regimen 3. There were no significant differences among regimens in the incidence of febrile morbidity after vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. Findings indicate, however, that febrile morbidity correlates with the type of procedure rather than with any of the other variables studied. Return of vaginal flora (aerobes, anaerobes, or mixed) was similar with all regimens. Cefotaxime was found to be as effective as cefazolin in reducing febrile morbidity.

Cefazolin↗
PubMed1981

The effect of a contraceptive vaginal ring and oral contraceptives on the vaginal flora.

Premenopausal women seeking a steroid contraceptive method were allowed to choose between a contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) containing levonorgestrel and estradiol used in a 3-week in, 1-week out regimen (n=20) and an oral contraceptive (OC) containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol in a 28-day regimen (n = 10). Cultures from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained before therapy in both groups and monthly for 6 months for the CVR group and after 1, 3, and 6 months for the OC group. These cultures were streaked on specific media to provide quantitative aerobic and anaerobic, lactobacillus, Candida sp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae counts in micro-organisms per milliliter. A comparison of the number and types of organisms isolated from vaginal cultures obtained initially and at 6 months demonstrated no statistically significant differences in colony counts between CVR and OC users. The results of this study suggest that the use of the CVR is not associated with a greater growth of pathogens than is oral administration of a progestin and estrogen combination.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of a monoclonal anti-lyt-1.1 on the functional activity of precursor, effector, and regulatory cells specific for murine alloantigens.

A monoclonal anti-Lyt-1.1 serum has been characterized in terms of its effect on various cell populations involved in cell-mediated immune responses. The monoclonal serum was compared to a conventionally prepared anti-Lyt-1.1 serum. Cytotoxic T cell precursors and effectors were found to be Lyt-1.1+. Helper T cells which participate in the induction of a cytotoxic response were also Lyt-1.1+ as were suppressor T cells which inhibit cytotoxic responses. The T cell that is required for the production of a nonspecific stimulatory factor, costimulator, and that has been shown to bear the same Ly markers as does the helper T cell, bears Lyt-1.1. Finally, the effector cell which mediates delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to alloantigens has been shown to be Lyt-1.1+. In all of these cases treatment with the monoclonal anti-Lyt-1.1 and complement had the same effect as did treatment with a conventional anti-Lyt-1.1 and complement. The distribution of Lyt-1.1 on various cell types as determined using the monoclonal anti-Lyt-1.1 is in complete agreement with the Lyt-1.1 distribution obtained with conventional anti-Lyt-1.1 sera, and is quite different from the reactivity of an anti-Thy-1 serum as determined by strain distribution. The distribution of the Lyt-1.1 specificity on the T cells within a given strain is identical to that seen with the conventional anti-Lyt-1.1 serum and, as reported by many others, does not differ from the distribution of Thy-1 specificities.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prospective study of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Laboratory study fo 109 insulin-dependent diabetics younger than 17 yr of age and resident in greater Montreal at the time on onset of symptoms is reported. The cases were diagnosed during a 2-yr period (1976-1978). Sibling controls were obtained for 72 of the cases studied. Viral titers to coxsackie B, rubella, and mumps virus for the 72 patient-sibling pairs showed no difference in geometric mean titers or in change of titer between samples taken at the time of diagnosis and those taken 28 days later. The incidence of positive islet cell antibody in teh IDdM cases was 68.0% at the time of diagnosis compared with 56.(% 4 wk later. The comparative figures of sibling controls were 4.2% and 1.4%, respectively. The frequency of HLA B8, B15, B18, and B7 antigens were compared both with the sibling controls and a normal control population. Pairing of high risk HLA antigens were found more frequently in cases than controls. There was no difference in geometric mean viral titers in cases with risk risk haplotypes compared with those cases in which such haplotypes were absent.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1981

Simultaneous amebic liver abscess and hepatitis A.

A child with amebic colitis, liver abscess and hepatitis A is reported. Speculation as to why these two infectious agents have rarely been associated is presented. Diagnosis of hepatitis was not suspected in this case until physicians caring for the patient developed clinical hepatitis. The importance of suspecting hepatitis A in all patients with unexplained liver enzyme elevations is stressed.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Hospital-acquired hepatitis a: report of an outbreak.

A nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis A occurred after hospitalization of a 21-month-old girl with amebic liver abscess and unsuspected, anicteric hepatitis A. The index patient, who had an acute diarrheal illness prior to enzyme elevations, seroconverted from IgM hepatitis A antibody to IgG hepatitis A antibody. Of the 103 hospital personnel with known or potential exposure, three physicians (2.9%) contracted clinical hepatitis A, 27 to 29 days after their initial contact with the source patient. A fourth physician developed subclinical infection. Two of the three clinical cases occurred in two of the three primary care physicians of the source patient. Hepatitis A should be considered in any patient with acute, unexplained liver enzyme abnormalities. Diarrhea occurring in a fecally incontinent child incubating hepatitis A may increase the risk of transmission.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Insulin dependent diabetes: a comparison of families with single and multiple affected siblings.

Families (n = 14) with more than 1 sibling with insulin dependent diabetes were matched with families of similar size and age distribution containing only 1 affected child. The distribution of HLA haplotypes, age of onset of disease, and seasonal onset of disease were compared in the two groups. The data are not consistent with the hypothesis of a single autosomal recessive gene linked to the HLA region. The data do not permit a choice between other current hypotheses although they are compatible with the theory of 2 genes linked to the HLA region, acting additively, and requiring interaction either with environmental factors or other disease susceptibility genes. Diabetic children in the multiplex and simplex families did not differ in the month of onset of symptoms nor in the age at diagnosis although three multiplex pedigrees in which diabetes developed in all affected children before the age of 6 years were identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Magnocellular hypothalamic projections to the lower brain stem and spinal cord of the rat. Immunocytochemical evidence for predominance of the oxytocin-neurophysin system compared to the vasopressin-neurophysin system.

The paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus has been shown to project to the medulla and spinal cord. The proportion of oxytocin-neurophysin (OTNP) axons to vasopressin-neurophysin (VPNP) axons in these structures is unknown. A major difficulty in resolving this problem in previous immunocytochemical studies was the lack of a specific antiserum to each rat neurophysin. In this study two approaches have been used: (1) comparison of immunostaining for neurophysin in normal versus homozygous Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus (HODI) which lack VPNP, and (2) application of an antiserum to both rat neurophysins absorbed with HODI rat hypothalamic-pituitary extracts which contain only OTNP. The latter would result in an antiserum specific for VPNP. Our results indicate that the axons which constitute the caudal projections from the paraventricular nucleus are predominately oxytocinergic, the vasopressinergic innervation being limited to the nucleus tractus solitarius, the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, and the substantia gelatinosa. A similar number of reactive fibers were seen in the medulla and spinal cord of normal and HODI rats. No positive perikarya were observed caudal to the hypothalamus. Fibers in the medulla appeared to terminate in the nucleus of the solitary tract and in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Positive fibers throughout the cord were present in the substantia gelatinosa and in the intermediolateral grey. The possible role(s) of these projections in integrating autonomic functions and afferent information with neuroendocrine regulation is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Adolescent medicine: a reality. The experience in Québec (author's transl)].

Health needs of adolescents were analyzed in the adolescent department of the Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montréal, Canada. These needs concern the disorders resulting from socio-familial disturbances, sexuality, general medical problems, chronic disease and problems associated with excessive and/or illicit use of drugs. Details of the organization of this adolescent unit are given. Just as a branch of medicine devoted to the aged, geriatrics, now exists, it must be recognized that adolescents require a separate branch as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Further evaluation of the optimum age for rubella vaccine administration.

The hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody responses of 452 children to HPV-77, DE5 rubella vaccine were studied. Results indicated that seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers in infants inoculated at 12 through 14 months of age are comparable with those achieved in older children. "Vaccine failures" seem to occur randomly in vaccinees after 1 year of age; the infectivity of individual vaccines is questioned. The persistence of HI antibody was evaluated through serial sampling up to three years postinoculation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Further characterization of responses of infants and children to meningococcal A polysaccharide vaccine.

The responses to 10 or 50 microgram doses of meningococcal group A polysaccharide vaccine were evaluated in infants and children. Although the 50 microgram dose was shown to be more effective in the induction of detectable anti-A antibody in vaccinees of all ages, only 6.5% (7/108) of infants smaller than or equal to 12 months demonstrated a "protective level" (greater than or equal to 2 mug/ml antibody protein) at 28 or 35 days postinoculation. Unexpected variations in the response to different lots, supplied by three different manufactures, were observed. These findings indicate the need for additional studies before routine immunization of young infants can be recommended.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗