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Biomedical subjects

J White

Publications and source records attributed to J White.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
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Uses and abuses of long-term Medicare cost estimates.

Long-term cost estimates are central to the current Medicare policy debate. This paper uses Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) data, and comparisons to international trends, to make some distinctions and warnings about the use of those estimates. Projected spending increases related to a larger enrollee population may be more easily justified than increases related to higher prices or volume of services per enrollee. Projections of demographics as if policy will not change are at least plausible; projections as if payment policies will not change for the next seventy-five years absurd. The demand for solutions that would "fix" the problem for seventy-five years biases options in the direction of radical reforms, to the exclusion of more incremental and careful approaches.

Actuarial Analysis↗
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Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva in an 11-year-old girl.

A rare case of aggressive angiomyxoma involving the vulva of an 11-year-old girl is reported. The pathologic features that distinguish this lesion from other myxoid tumors or tumorlike conditions of the perineum and vulva in children are discussed.

Child↗
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Intestinal spirochetosis in children: report of two cases.

Two cases of intestinal spirochetosis in two children are reported. The first patient, a 7 1/2-year-old boy, presented with diarrhea and rectal bleeding. After the diagnosis was made by a rectal biopsy, he was given metronidazole and neomycin. Symptoms persisted despite a further rectal biopsy that showed clearance of the organisms. Appendiceal spirochetosis was an incidental finding in our second patient, an 8-year-old girl who presented with acute abdominal pain and in whom mesenteric adenitis was diagnosed clinically at laparotomy. The possible pathogenic mechanisms causing clinical symptoms are discussed.

Abdominal Pain↗
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Metachronous pulmonary and cerebral inflammatory pseudotumor in a child.

An 8-year-old boy had a right pneumonectomy performed for a large inflammatory pseudotumor. Over the subsequent 8 years he developed multiple similar lesions in the meninges and bilateral cerebral hemispheres as well as new growths within the ipsilateral pleural cavity and contralateral lung. Metachronous pulmonary and intracranial inflammatory pseudotumor has been reported only once. These lesions probably represent a multifocal, exaggerated inflammatory response to some as yet unidentified stimuli.

Adolescent↗
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Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia.

Nipah virus, family Paramyxoviridae, caused disease in pigs and humans in peninsular Malaysia in 1998-99. Because Nipah virus appears closely related to Hendra virus, wildlife surveillance focused primarily on pteropid bats (suborder Megachiroptera), a natural host of Hendra virus in Australia. We collected 324 bats from 14 species on peninsular Malaysia. Neutralizing antibodies to Nipah virus were demonstrated in five species, suggesting widespread infection in bat populations in peninsular Malaysia.

Animals↗
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Moving branches.

Clinical experience is identified in this comparative study as the most influential factor in student transfer between the Project 2000 specialist branches. Expecting prospective students to have exposure to branch-specific client groups prior to starting their pre-registration education and improving flexibility of transfer between the branches could help to reduce student wastage from the profession as a whole.

Career Choice↗
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Sharing the care of children with HIV infection.

Providing shared care for children with HIV infection can improve their quality of life. Jo White explores some of the issues that arise when the care of HIV-infected children is shared between a specialist centre and a local district general hospital. Factors that are important for successful shared care are discussed.

Child↗
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: clinical issues.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin, ibuprofen and diclofenac. They are widely prescribed to control pain and inflammation associated with disease or injury affecting joints and other tissues. The authors describe the clinical uses, mechanism of action and potential side effects. Paracetamol/acetaminophen is included in this discussion, although it is not an NSAID.

Acetaminophen↗
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Bronchodilators: implications for nursing practice.

Beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists are the most widely prescribed bronchodilators and are used for symptomatic control and as 'rescue' medication for people with asthma and other chronic conditions affecting the airways. The authors describe the clinical uses, mechanism of action and potential side effects of these agents, emphasising the nurse's role in monitoring therapy.

Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists↗
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Blood and urinary magnesium kinetics after oral magnesium supplements.

A study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of three oral magnesium supplements--magnesium chloride solution, slow-release magnesium chloride tablets, and magnesium gluconate tablets--at 16 mmol/dose. Twelve healthy normomagnesemic subjects were evaluated during an initial baseline study, followed by three magnesium supplementation studies. Supplements were administered in a randomized, crossover fashion at weekly intervals. During each of the four trials, subjects followed the same routines and consumed identical diets. Magnesium concentrations were measured in urine samples collected from 0 to 4, 4 to 8, 8 to 12, and 12 to 24 hours. Intraleukocyte, total serum, and ultrafiltrable magnesium were measured in blood samples drawn at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. Compared with baseline, 24-hour urinary magnesium excretion significantly increased (P < 0.05) after the administration of the magnesium chloride solution and also increased after the administration of the other supplements, but the difference was not significant. The 24-hour areas under the curve (AUCs) for total serum, ultrafiltrable, and leukocyte magnesium were greater after the administration of each of the supplements when compared with baseline, although the differences were not statistically significant. Differences in delta AUCs (supplement AUC minus baseline AUC) for total magnesium, ultrafiltrable magnesium, and 24-hour urinary magnesium excretion were statistically different from zero or between supplements. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in total serum, ultrafiltrable, and leukocyte magnesium concentrations were observed at various time points. These results suggest that there were no major differences in the overall effect of these supplements on total serum, ultrafiltrable, and leukocyte magnesium concentrations but do reveal differences in the time-concentration profiles in magnesium levels in blood and urine among the three supplement forms.

Administration, Oral↗
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Dimensional stability of impression materials immersed in an iodophor disinfectant.

The potential for disease transmission has increased the importance of infection control in the dental laboratory. Impressions must be disinfected without altering their accuracy. The purpose of this study was to determine the dimensional stability of three impression materials: irreversible hydrocolloid, reversible hydrocolloid, and poly(vinyl siloxane). Thirty-six impressions were made with each material and divided into control, 10-minute, and 30-minute immersion groups using an iodophor as the disinfectant. A microscope was used to measure dimensional changes in the stone casts made from each group of impressions, and the percent change was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. All dimensional changes after iodophor disinfection were small and within established limits.

Analysis of Variance↗