Postpartum alopecia and zinc.
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Alopecia↗
Biomedical subjects
J White
Publications and source records attributed to J White.
Contrast sensitivity. The visual rehabilitation of the patient with macular degeneration.
Contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) were determined on a large group of patients with macular degeneration to better assess qualitative aspects of their residual vision. Contrast sensitivity was also determined through the telescopic low-vision aids of selected patients. In general, the patients have a substantial loss of contrast sensitivity for all spatial frequencies. The preferred eye of these patients appeared to be related to the peak of the CSF more so than to the Snellen visual or resolution acuity. Through the low-vision aid, not only was there the predictable increase in resolution acuity but also a notable increase in peak contrast sensitivity. These findings indicate that contrast sensitivity testing provides useful information that should be considered in the visual rehabilitation of the patient with macular degeneration.
Aged↗
Sensory group Ia proximal conduction velocity.
The fastest median and ulnar velocities derived by recording motor and mixed nerve action potentials, F waves, H-reflexes, and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were compared. H-reflex recording was facilitated by employing selective group Ia excitation during voluntary muscular contraction. Mixed nerve, SEP, and H velocities, considered to predominantly reflect group Ia conduction, measured 63.2 +/- 3.2 m/sec, 63.4 +/- 4.5 m/sec, and 67.2 +/- 4.3 m/sec, respectively, between the wrist and elbow. Conventional motor conduction velocity was significantly slower (58.3 +/- 5.1 msec), but F velocity, which although nonuniform is also a measure of motor conduction, was 68.4 m/sec. Mean F latency was considered more reliable and representative than minimum F latency. F and H velocities accelerated proximally by 4.5 m/sec. They complement each other when evaluating motor and sensory group Ia conduction. The H-reflex and SEP use identical stimulus characteristics and when simultaneously recorded allow direct comparison of the fastest conducting peripheral and central sensory pathways.
Adolescent↗
Fronto-ethmoidal meningoencephaloceles: morphology and treatment.
Twenty-five cases of fronto-ethmoidal meningoencephaloceles have been studied. The relationship to other sincipital meningoencephaloceles is explored. In all cases the exit holes from the anterior cranial fossa are at the site of the foramen caecum. The facial component of the defect determines the sub-classification: naso-frontal, naso-ethmoidal and naso-orbital. The cranio-facial deformity may consist of hypertelorism, orbital dystopia, elongation of the face and dental malocclusion. These reflect the distorting influence of the extruded intracranial contents on facial growth. Early removal of the meningoencephalocele by the cranio-facial route is recommended to allow normal growth forces to be re-established. In older patients with established deformities translocation of the orbits may be necessary.
Adolescent↗
Gene transfer of H-2 class II genes: antigen presentation by mouse fibroblast and hamster B-cell lines.
We have transferred the mouse Ak alpha and Ak beta genes, which encode the class II I-Ak molecule, into mouse L-cell fibroblasts and hamster B cells. I-Ak molecules are expressed on the surface of both cell types. The L-cell and hamster B-cell I-Ak molecules appear normal by serological analyses and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the I-Ak molecules on L cells can act as targets for the allogenic T-cell killing of the transformed L cells. The I-Ak molecules in both mouse fibroblasts and hamster B cells can present certain antigens to T-cell helper hybridomas. Thus only class II molecules are required to convert the nonantigen-presenting cell. Accordingly, it will be possible to dissect the structure-function relationships existing between Ia molecules, foreign antigen, and T-cell receptor molecules by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis and gene transfer.
Animals↗
A mini-residency program in orthognathic surgery.
A method of teaching major orthognathic surgical techniques is presented. One hundred hours of instruction in laboratory, practical, clinical, and operating room experiences were presented over two months, on alternate weekends. These intervals allowed for assimilation of new didactic material, readings, and study and laboratory exercises at home. Four teams of three oral and maxillofacial surgeons rotated to the operating rooms during each weekend session to experience hands-on training. The protracted period of follow-up observations enabled participants to witness most cases from start to finish and learn to anticipate and manage sequellae. Experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons demonstrated a quick grasp of newer techniques of orthognathic surgery, and most translated the mini-residency experience into their practices.
Cephalometry↗
Functional and inducible expression of a transfected murine class II major histocompatibility complex gene.
Using the spheroplast fusion technique, we have introduced the cloned E beta b gene into two d haplotype cell lines, the B lymphoma line A20-2J and the macrophage tumor line P388D1. Analysis with a monoclonal antibody indicates that the product of the transfected E beta b gene associates with the endogenous E alpha chain to form an E alpha dE beta b complex. While expression of E alpha dE beta b is constitutive in A20-2J cells transfected with the E beta b gene, surface expression of E alpha dE beta b is detected in transfected macrophage cells only after treatment of cells with culture supernatants from concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated T cells. Transfected B lymphoma cells and transfected Con A supernatant-treated macrophage cells have acquired the ability to present antigen to E alpha dE beta b-restricted T-cell hybridomas. The observed inducible expression of the transfected gene in the macrophage host indicates that sequences responsible for regulated expression of the E beta b gene may be associated with the transfected gene. In combination with directed mutagenesis, the system described here provides a means to study (i) E beta b sequences that are important in determining the restriction specificity of the E molecule and (ii) sequences associated with the E beta gene that may be important in the regulation of E beta chain expression.
Alleles↗
Fatal snakebite in Australia.
More than 20 venomous snakes found in Australia belong to the family Elapidae . Although their venom delivery system is less efficient than that of the Viperidae , their venoms are extremely potent. The active components of Australian elapid venoms include neurotoxins, myotoxins , hemolysins, and factors producing hypocoagulability. The groups at particular risk of snakebite are children, agricultural workers, bushwalkers , and herpetologists . A high index of suspicion must be maintained when investigating cases of sudden unexpected death in these groups. The bite wound itself may be particularly easily overlooked as there is little local reaction to many elapid bites. The necropsy findings in fatalities are predictable from the known properties of the venoms of the various species. However, these findings are non-specific and the diagnosis ultimately rests upon the demonstration of the presence of venom by immunoassay. For this purpose swabs from the bite site, the overlying clothing, the excised bite site, the local and regional lymph nodes, urine, and blood may be used.
Adult↗
Bacteriuria screening by direct bioluminescence assay of ATP.
A direct bioluminescence assay for bacteriuria screening is described and compared with the MS-2 system (Abbott Laboratories, Irvine, Tex.) and the chemical strip, Gram smear, and calibrated-loop methods. A total of 973 specimens were tested. Unlike previously described bioluminescence methods, this test measures total ATP in urine without pretreatment of samples to remove somatic ATP. The result was compared with an ATP standard (20 ng/ml). A low result (less than 3% of standard) was interpreted as negative and a high result (greater than 10% of standard) as positive. Samples with intermediate results (38% of total) were incubated at 35 degrees C in thioglycolate broth (1:10). A 2% increase in ATP concentration was interpreted as positive. The sensitivity of this method for detecting greater than 10(5) pathogens per ml was 92.3% and was comparable to those of the MS-2 system (92.7%) and the Gram smear method (90.5%). The chemical strip method was less sensitive (84.0%). The direct bioluminescence method was more sensitive than were the MS-2 system and the Gram smear method for detecting low-level bacteriuria (less than 10(3) to 10(5) organisms per ml), primarily because of associated pyuria. Thioglycolate broth provided a suitable medium for ATP production, and 5% CO2 decreased bacterial ATP synthesis during log-phase growth. The direct bioluminescence assay is rapid, simple, cost-effective, and reliable for bacteriuria screening.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Cardiomyopathic hamsters, CHF 146 and CHF 147: a preliminary study.
The time course and characteristics of lesion development in both cardiac and skeletal muscle from two strains of cardiomyopathic hamsters (CHF 146 and CHF 147) were studied by histological methods. The chronology of lesion development and the histological characteristics of the lesions were similar in both strains. However, increased calcification of cardiac lesions was present in the hearts of CHF 147 animals. This may account for the difference in lifespan between the CHF 147 (350 days) and the CHF 146 (440 days).
Aging↗
Cephaloceles: treatment, outcome, and antenatal diagnosis.
A series of 74 cephaloceles (17 cranial meningoceles and 57 meningoencephaloceles) is reported. Infants born with large meningoencephaloceles containing recognizable cerebral tissue usually did badly despite endeavors to conserve brain function by expanding the cranial capacity (5 cases) or decompressing hydrocephalic ventricles (9 cases). Infants with cranial meningoceles almost all did well, even when there was associated hydrocephalus. The etiological diversity of cephaloceles is emphasized. Frontoethmoidal meningoencephaloceles, which occur with noteworthy frequency in South and Southeast Asia, require separate consideration in both genetic counseling and treatment; the associated facial deformities (hypertelorism and orbital dystopia) can be corrected with a one-stage craniofacial reconstruction. Antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound is now often possible and was achieved in 4 cases; we suggest that neurosurgeons should participate in such antenatal evaluations.
Australia↗
Educating the older cancer patient: obstacles and opportunities.
Cancer is a serious health problem among the elderly, with over 50% of all cancers occurring in the 11% of the population over age 65. Little research, however, has focused on the educational needs of elderly cancer patients and little is known about the emotional and psychological impact of cancer in this population. This paper describes two surveys which provide baseline data on the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of older people about cancer. These findings have implications for programs directed both at the healthy elderly and at older cancer patients.
Age Factors↗
Effects of endogenicity and severity on consistency of standard depression rating scales.
Agreement between the clinician-rated Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the patient-rated Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was examined in 36 inpatients with major depression during the course of a 4-week antidepressant treatment protocol. Clinician-patient agreement was low when depression was rated as most severe by the clinician. An endogenicity factor extracted from the Zung scale also predicted disagreement, which was greatest for patients with more nonendogenous symptom patterns. Clinicians and researchers should remain aware of the limitations of such standard assessment procedures in the context of changing criteria for the diagnosis of depression.
Adult↗
Advertisements for posts in Saudi Arabia.
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Advertising↗
Acute renal failure and coagulopathy after snakebite.
A non-fatal case of acute renal failure with associated coagulopathy after envenomation by a western brown snake (Pseudonaja nuchalis) is described. The coagulopathy did not respond to the initial administration of polyvalent antivenom, but resolved rapidly after later infusion of large doses of specific antivenom. The renal failure necessitated haemodialysis for 12 days and then resolved completely. There were no signs of neurotoxic envenomation. Other Australian cases of snakebite associated with renal failure or coagulopathy are reviewed. An adequate dose of the correct antivenom, and infusion of fresh frozen plasma if indicated, is the best treatment of coagulopathy after snakebite.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Postoperative analgesia for circumcision.
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Anesthesia, Caudal↗
The cytoplasmic concentration of free calcium in platelets is controlled by stimulators of cyclic AMP production (PGD2, PGE1, forskolin).
Maximal stimulation of platelets with thrombin results in a rapid increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ (from 0.1 microM to 1-3 microM), as measured with the fluorescent intracellular Ca2+ indicator Quin-2. Prior addition of the adenylate cyclase stimulators PGD2, PGE1 or forskolin inhibited the rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+. When added after the maximal response to thrombin was attained adenylate cyclase stimulators caused a rapid fall of cytoplasmic Ca2+ back to the original "resting" level. This effect coincides with the reversal of thrombin-induced, Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation, and cytoskeleton assembly. It is suggested that cAMP-dependent reactions maintain low levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ by promoting transport and/or binding of Ca2+.
Alprostadil↗
Postpartum alopecia and zinc.
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Alopecia↗