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Biomedical subjects

J Weiss

Publications and source records attributed to J Weiss.

573 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Individual psychotherapy for addicted clients: an application of control mastery theory.

This article presents an overview of Control Mastery Theory, developed by Joseph Weiss, and applies this theory to the treatment of alcohol- and other drug-addicted clients. The article proposes that individual psychotherapy, in conjunction with self-help and other chemical dependency treatment programs, may be a significant component of the treatment of addicted clients. According to Weiss's theory, addicted clients are suffering not only from the direct effects of addictive disease but are also often suffering from unconscious pathogenic beliefs acquired from childhood experiences. Pathogenic beliefs result in shame, guilt, fear, and inhibitions that predate the development of addiction. Addicted clients are highly motivated unconsciously to recover from their addiction and to pursue normal goals. They are hindered by their pathogenic beliefs and by the effects of their addiction. They enter treatment with an unconscious plan to stop using drugs and to disprove their pathogenic beliefs. They test their pathogenic beliefs in relation to the therapist, with the hope of obtaining evidence against these beliefs. As the therapist passes the client's tests, these beliefs are modified and the client is helped to recover.

Humans↗
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Guilt, shame, and depression in clients in recovery from addiction.

Men and women in recovery from addiction were compared on levels of depression, guilt, and shame. The measurement of guilt included subscales of Survivor Guilt, Separation Guilt, Omnipotent Responsibility Guilt, Trait Guilt, State Guilt, and Adaptive Guilt. The sample included 75 men and 33 women in treatment in a residential treatment community. It was found that women were significantly higher than men in depression. The recovering subjects were compared to nonaddicted subjects and established norms, and it was found that the recovering people were higher on depression, shame, and the subscales of maladaptive guilt. Both men and women in recovery were significantly lower than norms in adaptive guilt.

Adult↗
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A reevaluation of the roles of the O2-dependent and O2-independent microbicidal systems of phagocytes.

In recent years the bactericidal and cytotoxic actions of phagocytes and particularly neutrophils have been attributed mainly to O2-dependent systems that depend on the accumulation of chemically reactive derivatives toxic to the bacteria. This view has been reexamined in the light of new observations on the properties and potency of O2-independent bactericidal proteins that have been purified from neutrophils. These proteins include several enzymes as well as a granule-associated protein that acts specifically against certain gram-negative bacteria. Exposure of susceptible bacteria to this latter protein produces three effects: loss of ability to multiply, a discrete increase in permeability of the outer membrane of the envelope, and activation in the bacterial envelope of degradative enzymes that act on phospholipids and peptidoglycan. It is concluded that effective antimicrobial activity rests on the coexistence of O2-independent bactericidal proteins that are highly specific for certain microbial species and O2-requiring systems that nonspecifically attack all cells.

Animals↗
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Reactions to booster pneumococcal vaccination in patients with sickle cell disease.

Repeat (booster) pneumococcal vaccination was administered to 32 patients with sickle cell disease in a double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study as early as 2.3 years after initial immunization. A significantly greater proportion of patients reported local pain, swelling or redness after booster, as compared to that after placebo (P less than 0.001), and pneumococcal antibody titer before vaccination was the predominant predictive variable for the development of fever, local pain and swelling after booster. A comparison of reaction rates following primary or booster immunization showed no significant differences in the frequency of reported symptoms except for muscle pain which occurred less frequently after booster (P less than 0.005). The concern for adverse reactions after repeat pneumococcal vaccination should not be an obstacle to the pursuit of further studies on the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine and booster responses.

Adolescent↗
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Posttraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation.

Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation is a rare entity occurring during childhood following trauma. A case of an 8-year-old girl with atlantoaxial rotatory fixation is described. Diagnosis was confirmed by computerized tomography, and the patient was treated by C1-C2 posterior fusion.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
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Diagnosis of unexplained bleeding from tunneled dialysis catheter.

Bleeding after hemodialysis catheter placement is commonly seen and can happen because of anticoagulation, poor platelet function in dialysis patients, and trauma to the vessel and tunnel tract during placement. We wish to present here two cases of prolonged exist site bleeding with tunneled dialysis catheters (SchonCath dialysis catheter, Angio-Dynamics, Queensbury, N.Y.) due to unsuspected catheter leak within the tunneled portion of the catheter, which was identified with angiogram.

Adult↗
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The third molar question: to extract or not to extract.

Self-interest, moralists suggest, strongly influences people's behavior. To test the possible effect on dentists, we asked four groups--oral surgeons, periodontists, general practitioners, and orthodontists--to evaluate the need for removal of third molars in three cases. As expected, oral surgeons, who had the most to gain, recommended extraction at a significantly higher rate than the other groups. We found a direct hierarchical relationship between the degree of surgical orientation of a group and its likelihood to see a need for extraction.

Adolescent↗
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The use of endomyocardial biopsy in a serious cardiac abnormality associated with polymyositis: a case report.

Life-threatening cardiac abnormalities in polymyositis (PM) patients may result from myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, or another disease process. Few procedures have reliably identified the pathologic basis for these abnormalities. We report a patient with PM, severe congestive cardiomyopathy, and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in whom an endomyocardial biopsy was done. The histopathological findings of fibrosis without inflammation, which were confirmed at autopsy, facilitated the decision to treat the patient symptomatically without intensification of antiinflammatory therapy. Endomyocardial biopsy may be a useful technique to determine the exact nature of serious cardiac abnormalities in PM patients so that appropriate therapy may be given.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiological use of rectal proliferation measures.

Measures of rectal mucosal proliferation have been developed and used in research clinical settings, but their utility for larger-scale epidemiological studies remains uncertain. We assessed the suitability of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-labeling indices (LIs) in the setting of a multicenter clinical trial of adenoma recurrence. Subjects at participating practices were asked to permit biopsy of normal rectal mucosa during a colonoscopy scheduled for other reasons. PCNA and BrdUrd labeling was performed, and corresponding LIs were computed. In general, subjects were willing to undergo biopsy during their scheduled procedures; less than 10% refused. Specimen preparation for PCNA was acceptable; the mean number of scorable crypts (+/- SE) was 12.99 +/- 0.37. Preparation for BrdUrd labeling was less successful, with a higher proportion of unscorable specimens and a lower mean number of scorable crypts. Among the 54 specimens with both LIs computed, the LI for PCNA was modestly higher than that for BrdUrd LI (4.1 +/- 0.2 and 3.7 +/- 0.2 respectively; P = 0.03). The rank order correlation between the two indices was 0.38). There was variation across centers in the PCNA LIs but few differences according to number of crypts scored. Measurement of rectal mucosal proliferation is feasible among endoscopy patients in large studies if PCNA is used; BrdUrd seems more difficult. The relationship between these two labels requires further study.

Adenoma↗