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Biomedical subjects

J Weiner

Publications and source records attributed to J Weiner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Risk for cancer of the urinary bladder among hairdressers in the Nordic countries.

Several studies have indicated an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder among hairdressers. In a Danish linkage between census data and cancer register data both male and female hairdressers have an elevated risk for bladder cancer. The risk for lung cancer is close to unity, indicating that occupational factors rather than smoking, may be responsible for the increased risk for bladder cancer among hairdressers. To evaluate this hypothesis we conducted a collaborative analysis of data from similar linkages in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The combination of high risk for bladder cancer and low or no risk for lung cancer was not found in the other Nordic countries; however, statistically significant increased risks for both bladder and lung cancer were found among male hairdressers in both Norway and Sweden. The relative risks for bladder cancer were of the same magnitude as the relative risks for lung cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A survey of state Medicaid policies for coverage of abortion and prenatal diagnostic procedures.

In the summer of 1988, we surveyed all states to evaluate access to Medicaid funding for abortion after the diagnosis of an anomalous fetus. All state Medicaid programs covered amniocentesis, and most had expanded coverage to include newer prenatal diagnostic procedures for eligible women. In 29 states, however, abortion coverage was limited to instances when continuation of abortion threatens the life of the mother. Only 13 states paid for a woman on Medicaid to obtain an abortion after diagnosis of an anomalous fetus.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1988

Beneficial effects of early hypocaloric enteral feeding on neonatal gastrointestinal function: preliminary report of a randomized trial.

In a prospective randomized trial, we studied the effects of early hypocaloric enteral feedings (PO) begun at 48 hours of age in 19 infants compared with 20 infants who received no enteral feedings (NPO) for at least the first 9 days of life. Both groups initially received the majority of their calories by parenteral alimentation. The groups were similar with respect to birth weight, gestational age, sex, Apgar score, and major neonatal diagnoses. The early enteral feeds proved to be significantly beneficial without an increased incidence of complications. The PO group reached full enteral feedings faster than the NPO group (31.2 vs 47.3 days). The PO group had a greater decline in serum bilirubin concentration over the first 2 weeks of life and spent less time under phototherapy (6.8 vs 9.5 days). Less cholestasis was observed among the PO infants (6.7% vs 33%), and peak direct bilirubin levels were also lower (0.7 vs 2.5 mg/dL). Osteopenia of prematurity, manifested by significantly lower alkaline phosphatase activity, was also decreased in the PO group, perhaps because of greater calcium intake during the first month among PO infants (1.3 vs 0.8 g). Compared with complete bowel rest, early onset of hypocaloric enteral feedings has beneficial effects on indirect hyperbilirubinemia, cholestatic jaundice, and metabolic bone disease of very low birth weight infants.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary complications of percutaneous nephrostomy and kidney stone extraction.

Percutaneous nephrostomy and percutaneous removal of kidney stones are widely used procedures that obviate the need for open urologic surgery in many patients. In six patients who had percutaneous renal manipulation, pulmonary complications of varying severity developed, including urinothorax, pneumothorax, hemorrhage, pleural effusion, pneumonia, and atelectasis. Patients having percutaneous renal manipulation should be monitored during and after the procedure for pulmonary complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of primary care systems in the USA, Denmark, Finland and Sweden: lessons for Scandinavia?

In the United States large corporately owned health care delivery institutions, some of which are known as health maintenance organizations (HMOs), are assuming an increased prominence in the provision of primary care (PC). These private organizations are similar in many ways to the public-sector providers that have functioned for decades within the Scandinavian systems. This article explores the similarities and differences between these two PC approaches. This is accomplished by contrasting the governance, organization, financing and staffing of the PC systems of three Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, and Sweden) to that of the US. Also provided is a critical analysis of the extent to which each model attains the ideal attributes of PC including; 1) accessibility, 2) comprehensiveness, 3) coordination and continuity, and 4) sensitivity to the patient's social milieu. For each facet of PC assessed, the American models offer approaches that are worthy of consideration by Scandinavian clinicians and planners. These include innovations in the areas of coordination between primary and secondary care, preventive care for adults and incentives for financial efficiency. Also, although successful in attaining many attributes of PC, this article discusses some perceived weaknesses of the Scandinavian systems.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMed1987

Clinical evaluation of the Oculab Tono-Pen.

We performed a clinical evaluation on a prototype version of the Tono-Pen hand-held tonometer. A masked, randomized design was used to compare the instrument with the Goldmann tonometer. We tested 270 eyes. For pressures of 6 to 24 mm Hg, the Tono-Pen tonometer measured, on average, 1.7 mm Hg higher than the Goldmann tonometer. This difference was statistically significant (P less than .0001). In the range above 24 mm Hg, no statistically significant difference was found in the pressures measured with the two instruments. Measurements made with the Tono-Pen were sufficiently close to those made with the Goldmann tonometer to be considered clinically accurate.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1987

Metabolism and thermoregulation in two races of Djungarian hamsters: Phodopus sungorus sungorus and P. s. campbelli.

Two races of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus and P. s. campbelli) differ in their responses to low ambient temperatures. The lowest temperature tolerated is 6-10 degrees C higher in P. s. campbelli than in P. s. sungorus, both in summer and in winter, but the highest (Vo2-max) and lowest (BMR) metabolic rates are similar in both subspecies. Body temperature and overall conductance in the cold appear to be more variable in P. s. campbelli than in nominative sp.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1987

The economics of clinical genetics services. II. A time analysis of a medical genetics clinic.

In a time-and-reimbursement analysis of our clinical genetics service, we documented (1) the time spent by professionals and staff in serving families before, during, and after the clinic visit; (2) the charges and reimbursement for the services provided; and (3) the relationship between income from clinical practice and the personnel costs of the clinic. We found that newly referred and returning families required 7.1 and 4.0 h, respectively. Average collections for professional services were +135 (+19/h) for new families and +49 (+12/h) for returning families. Income from clinical practice covered 37% of the clinical portion of personnel costs. These results indicate that cognitive clinical genetics services are labor intensive, yield low payments per service hour, and are not financially self-supporting. To improve the economic status of genetics clinics, administrators might consider rendering services more efficiently; increasing charges for services; billing for all services provided to all family members; billing for all genetics professionals, including counselors and social workers; and requesting payment at the time of service.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗