Biomedical subjects

J Weaver

Publications and source records attributed to J Weaver.

96 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of orally administered midazolam on children of three age groups during restorative dental care.

PURPOSE: The effects of orally administered midazolam on three groups of preschool children who differed by age only and required dental treatment were studied. Sixty-one children age 24-58 months participated in this institutionally-approved study. METHODS: Selection criteria for the children included: demonstrated disruptive behaviors; healthy (ASA I); required at least one restorative appointment involving a posterior quadrant; no known drug allergies; were between two and five years of age; and had no prior experience with sedative trials. The children were divided into three groups according to age: Group I (24-35 months), Group II (36-47 months), and Group III (47-59 months). Each child received midazolam 0.5 mg/kg orally 15 minutes before treatment. Behavior was evaluated using the Ohio State Behavior Rating Scale (OS). Physiological parameters including heart rate, oxygen saturation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using chi-square, cross tabulation, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-tests, and regression and correlation analysis. RESULTS: Results indicated no statistically significant difference in behavior across all age groups as evaluated by the OS. CONCLUSION: No significant differences of clinical significance were noted.

Administration, Oral↗

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General anesthesia.

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Airway Obstruction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of lidocaine hydrocarbonate compared with lidocaine hydrochloride for inferior alveolar nerve block.

The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of anesthesia obtained with 2.2% lidocaine hydrocarbonate, 2.2% lidocaine hydrocarbonate with 1:100,000 epinephrine, and 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve block. Using a repeated-measures design, 30 subjects randomly received an inferior alveolar injection of each solution over the course of three successive appointments. The first molar, first premolar, lateral incisor, and contralateral canine (control) were blindly tested with an Analytic Technology pulp tester at 3-min cycles for 60 min. Anesthetic success was defined as no subject response to the maximum output (80 reading) of the pulp tester within 16 min and maintenance of this reading for the remainder of the testing period. Although subjects felt numb subjectively, anesthetic success as defined here ranged from 3% to 10% for the plain lidocaine hydrocarbonate; for the lidocaine hydrocarbonate and lidocaine hydrochloride solutions with epinephrine, success ranged from 37% to 63%. We conclude that 2.2% lidocaine hydrocarbonate without vasoconstrictor is not as effective as the other two preparations for inferior alveolar nerve block. The 2.2% lidocaine hydrocarbonate with epinephrine and 2%.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The evaluation of child behavior during dental examination and treatment using predmedication and placebo.

The purpose of this study were to determine the association of scores on the North Carolina Behavior Rating Scale (NCBRS) to those of the Frankl scale during restorative visits; and to quantify and compare rated behavior of children during an oral examination and restorative visits involving either a placebo or a combination of chloral hydrate (CH) and hydroxyzine. Fifteen patients 21-37 months old participated in this institutionally approved study. The study was a double-blind, crossover design. Following an examination using a mirror, explorer, and prophylaxis cup, the child received either a placebo or a combination of chloral hydrate (CH) and hydroxyzine. Fifteen patients 21-37 months old participated in this institutionally approved study. The study was a double-blind, crossover design. Following an this institutionally approved study. The study was a double-blind, crossover design. Following an examination using a mirror, explorer, and prophylaxis cup, the child received either a placebo or a combination of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine. The sequence was reversed at the next appointment. All exam and treatment visits were videotaped and analyzed using the NCBRS. In addition, all treatment visits were rated with the Frankl scale. The data were analyzed using a repeated ANOVA and correlation coefficients. The results showed a high interrater reliability (> 86% agreement) and a significant correlation between the NCBRS and Frankl scale (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found for the amount of disruptive behavior among oral examination, placebo, and medication visits (P < or = 0.097), although a consistent decrease in mean disruptive behavior for that order of visits was observed most frequently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the periodontal ligament injection using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and saline in human mandibular premolars.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate, with the electric pulp tester, the anesthetic efficacy of the periodontal ligament injection using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and saline in human mandibular premolars. The periodontal ligament injection using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was found to be an effective technique for anesthetizing mandibular first premolars. However, the duration of profound pulpal anesthesia was approximately 10 minutes. The periodontal ligament injection using sterile saline was not an effective technique for anesthesia. Teeth mesial and distal to the injected tooth may also become anesthetized with this injection technique. The initial needle penetration and injection of the anesthetic solution in clinically healthy teeth were only mildly discomforting. No increase in tooth mobility was observed 45 minutes after the periodontal ligament injection. No clinically observable pulpal or periodontal damage was seen at 3 weeks after the injection.

Anesthesia, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Organisation of a local revision course for postgraduate examinations.

Revision courses for postgraduate examinations are usually held at central teaching hospitals. The ingredients for these courses, however, are available at most local hospitals. This article describes the practicalities of organising a successful local revision course for postgraduate examinations.

Clinical Competence↗