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Biomedical subjects

J Warren

Publications and source records attributed to J Warren.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Granulomatous vasculitides of the lung: a clinicopathologic approach to diagnosis and treatment.

The granulomatous vasculitides of the lung are uncommon. Overlap of their clinical and histopathologic features may create a confusing picture for the clinician and pathologist. This confusion is of concern because therapy differs depending on the exact diagnosis, with concomitant variations in associated drug toxicity. An integrated clinical and pathologic approach must be used to arrive at a prompt and accurate diagnosis. The true granulomatous vasculitides, a group that includes Wegener's granulomatosis, allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome), and necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, have various degrees of systemic involvement. Therapy is mainly immunosuppressive, and prognosis is generally good. The lymphoproliferative granulomatous vasculitides, which include benign lymphocytic angiitis and granulomatosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and malignant lymphoma with angioinvasion, are progressively abnormal lymphoproliferative processes. Therapy may require combination chemotherapy, and prognosis is often poor.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of a 3 mg/kg body weight loading dose of gentamicin or tobramycin in critically ill patients.

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and adequacy of gentamicin or tobramycin after administration of a loading dose of 3 mg/kg body weight in 14 critically ill patients with presumed sepsis. Therapeutic blood levels after loading dose were obtained in 13 of the 14 patients. Measured volume of distribution, serum half-life, and elimination rate constant were significantly different from values calculated by using standard formulae. All the patients tolerated the dose well without significant deterioration in renal function. Based on the present study, we conclude that administration of 3 mg/kg body weight loading dose of gentamicin or tobramycin in critically ill patients with sepsis would result in earlier therapeutic drug levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A city aims to rid itself of drink-driving.

The city of Coventry in the United Kingdom aims to be free of drink-driving by the year 2000. The recommendations of a seminar held to consider this goal are presented below.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride on hepatic microsomal metabolism in rats and mice.

The capacity for induction of microsomal metabolic enzymes by tetrachlorophthalic anhydride (TCPA) was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats and male CD-1 mice. The rats were orally dosed for 7 d with TCPA suspended in corn oil at 25, 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg. Following this treatment a dose-dependent reduction in the zoxazolamine paralysis time occurred over the dose range 100-500 mg/kg in the rat. No effect on the hexobarbital sleep time was observed at any test level. TCPA was found to produce statistically significant increases in hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, and cytochrome P-450 in the rat at 500 mg per kg. In addition statistically significant increases were seen in aniline hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 at 25 mg/kg. Mice were orally dosed with TCPA for 7 d at 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg. There was no effect in the zoxazolamine paralysis time or the hexobarbital sleep time in this species. Hepatic microsomal enzyme levels were not measured in the mouse. These results suggest that following oral dosage TCPA is a weak inducer of microsomal enzymes in the rat. A similar effect was not observed in the mouse for the parameters tested.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of copolymer staple versus chromic suture during hysterectomy: gross, histologic, and microbiologic findings.

Mechanical stapling of the vaginal cuff during hysterectomy has been proposed as a way to minimize bacterial contamination, thereby reducing infectious morbidity and hospital stay. Twenty-four pathogen-free New Zealand white rabbits underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy using either chromic suture or copolymer staple to close the vaginal cuff. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were obtained from the peritoneal cavity upon entering, and from the vaginal cuff during the initial operation and on postoperative day 3 or 8. When compared with chromic suture, stapling of the vaginal cuff during hysterectomy did not result in significant reduction of postoperative bacteria isolated from the vaginal cuff or peritoneal cavity. In addition, copolymer staples were associated with histologic evidence of more extensive necrosis and cellular exudate while significantly increasing adhesion formation between the vaginal apex and surrounding viscera. Stapling the vaginal cuff does not significantly reduce bacterial count after hysterectomy, significantly increases adhesion formation, and may interfere with normal wound healing in an animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Assessment of intraperitoneal adhesion formation in a rat model: can a procoagulant substance prevent adhesions?

Previous studies have shown oxidized cellulose to decrease adhesion formation in rats. A recent report showed a decrease in adhesions after application of a fibrin sealant containing thrombin, fibrinogen, and aprotinin, raising the question of whether procoagulants block adhesions by something other than a mechanical barrier effect. To assess the value of a procoagulant in preventing adhesion formation, we compared the efficacy of thrombin with that of oxidized cellulose in decreasing postoperative adhesions in rats. Eighty-five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent midline abdominal incisions and subsequent removal of a small area of right anterior abdominal wall peritoneum. Defects were left open or were closed with interrupted sutures and then treated with thrombin, oxidized cellulose, or nothing. Results obtained at postmortem seven days later showed a decrease in adhesion number and severity among animals treated with oxidized cellulose. No such effect was noted in the thrombin group. No treatment increased adhesion formation. We conclude that although oxidized cellulose appears to be of some benefit in decreasing postoperative adhesion formation in the rat, thrombin alone shows no similar effect. Further conclusions regarding adhesion induction, histologic correlates of adhesion formation, and validity of some methods of adhesion analysis are also addressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A histologic evaluation of peritoneal injury and repair: implications for adhesion formation.

A study of peritoneal healing after specific types of peritoneal injury was conducted in rabbits. Histologic specimens were examined at four, eight, 12, 24, and 48 hours, and at five, seven, and 14 days postperitoneal injury. Comparison of types of injury and attempts at peritoneal repair revealed differences in healing mechanisms. Histologic evidence of rapid reperitonealization was associated with those types of repair that involved minimal tissue necrosis and absence of foreign body reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Failure to induce cervical cancer in mice by long-term frequent vaginal exposure to live or inactivated herpes simplex viruses.

C57 mice aged 8-10 weeks in groups of 50 each received vaginal cotton pellets soaked in lysates of HEp-2 cells, either mock-infected or infected with herpes simplex virus I, herpes simplex virus 2, and highly attenuated recombinant viruses 5 times a week for 89 to 114 weeks. An untreated group was also included. The mock-infected and some of the infected cell lysates were exposed to ultraviolet light at a dose sufficient to inactivate virus. Smears of exfoliated vaginal cells collected once a month and histopathologic sections of genital organs removed at autopsy were coded and examined blind for the presence of abnormal cells indicative of malignant changes and cervical cancer, respectively. Sera collected before termination of the study were tested blind for the presence of antibody to infected cell lysates and to purified herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B. The results were as follows: Over 74% of 826 mice examined at autopsy contained tumors at non-genital sites. The tumors were randomly distributed among the various groups. Gross genital abnormalities were less common in untreated animals than in mice receiving vaginal implants. The fraction of mice which developed cervical cancer diagnosed by histopathologic examination was small (7.2%) and not significantly different among various groups. There was no correlation between the presence of abnormal exfoliated cells indicative of early invasive or invasive cancer lesions and the histopathologically proven diagnosis of micro-invasive or invasive cervical cancer. The incidence and levels of antibody were highest in animals exposed to live virus; some mice exposed to inactivated virus also developed weak or moderately high antibody levels. The presence of antibodies did not correlate with the presence of histopathologically proven cervical cancer. The results do not support the ability of herpes simplex viruses to cause genital neoplasia in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Analyses of transplanted murine tumors for HSV DNA sequences.

Meignier et al. (1986) report the results of exposure of C57BL/6NCr mice to vaginal plugs containing live or inactivated herpes simplex virus 1 or 2 (HSV-1 or HSV-2) or recombinant viruses 5 times a week for up to 114 weeks. Genital organs showing abnormalities were transplanted into nude mice. Of 33 transplants, 13 produced subcutaneous tumors in nude mice and 12 were subsequently transplanted into C57BL/6NCr mice. We report that the DNA extracted from coded tumor tissues of nude mice and from normal viscera of the same rodents did not hybridize with HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA probes representing the viral genomic regions shown previously to be capable of morphologically transforming cells in culture. The sensitivity of the assays was such that we could detect 0.5 copies of the HSV sequences of complexity equal to or greater than 1 Kbp per cell DNA equivalent. To control for the sensitivity of the assays in the actual hybridizations, the tumor-cell DNA was also hybridized with a beta-globin mouse DNA probe. A striking feature of these control hybridizations was the detection of beta-globin polymorphism in some nude mouse tumors. The beta-globin polymorphism allowed us to conclude that the analyzed tissues contained significant amounts of the tumor cells occurring in the C57BL/6NCr mice.

Animals↗