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Biomedical subjects

J Ward

Publications and source records attributed to J Ward.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species.

Utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. FIPV was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus and FIPV were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229E (HCV-229E) and canine coronavirus (CCV). An interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronaviruses selected for this study fell into one of two antigenically distinct groups. Viruses in each group were antigenically related to each other to varying degrees, but were antigenically unrelated to coronaviruses of the second group. The first antigenically related group was comprised of mouse hepatitis virus, type 3 (MHV-3), hemeagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus 67N (HEV-67N) of swine, calf diarrhea coronavirus (CDCV), and human coronavirus 0C43 (HCV-OC43). The second antigenically related group was comprised of FIPV, TGEV, HCV-229E and CCV.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Stability of back-toric prism-ballast hydrogel contact lenses.

We fitted each of 20 eyes with 3 different Hydrocurve contact lenses: (1) spherical with prism ballast, (2) back-toric without prism ballast, and (3) back-toric with prism ballast. We monitored the stability of the lenses. The prism-ballast lenses were generally stable on corneas with zero to 3.5 DK of with-the-rule toricity; the back-toric nonprism lenses were not stable.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Infection patterns in pony mares challenged with the agent of contagious equine metritis 1977.

Contagious equine metritis 1977 was reproduced in pony mares using cultures of the Gram-negative coccobacillus aetiologically associated with the disease. Variability in clinical response was observed in the first of 2 experiments, with the presence of semen, either alone or in an extender, appearing to potentiate the pathogenicity of the challenge strain of the organism. The experimental disease was characterised by a variable degree of vaginal discharge and concomitant inflammatory changes involving the vervix and vagina. Although all of the affected mares recovered spontaneously, a high percentage continued to harbour the Gram-negative coccobacillus in their genital tracts for variable periods after challenge. Shedding of the organism was either relatively constant or intermittent and was not solely related to the oestrous period. Cytological examination of smears of cervical and urethral swabs was of diagnostic value only during the clinical phase of the infection. There was evidence that reinfection of mares could occur after an interval of 2 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Control of dynamic and static nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres by gamma and beta axons in isolated cat muscle spindels.

1. The behaviour of nuclear bag and nuclear chain intrafusal fibres in isolated cat muscle spindles with a blood supply, during stimulation of dynamic gamma axons, dynamic beta axons, or static gamma axons in ventral root filaments was observed and recorded on still and moving film. 2. Most spindles were controlled by one dynamic gamma axon (sometimes a beta axon) and three static gamma axons, one of which was often non-selective in distribution. A large majority of fusimotor axons controlled one pole of the spindle only. 3. Dynamic gamma and beta axons produced focal contraction in only one of the two nuclear bag fibres in any spindle and this fibre was never activated by static gamma axons. Maximal tetanic contraction was attained slowly and the primary sensory spiral on this fibre was stretched by a small amount only. This fibre has been named the 'dynamic nuclear bag fibre'. 4. Static gamma axons produced either: (a) focal contraction in the second of the two nuclear bag fibres only; (b) local contraction in the bundle of nuclear chain fibres only; or (c) contraction in one nuclear bag fibre and the nuclear chain fibres together. Maximum tetanic contraction of this nuclear bag fibre stretched its primary sensory spiral considerably and the time to plateau was relatively short. This fibre has been named the 'static nuclear bag fibre'. 5. 'Driving' of the Ia afferent discharge could always be produced by non-selective static gamma axons, frequently by static gamma axons controlling nuclear chain fibres alone, and was probably due to mechanical oscillation in nuclear chain fibres. It was never produced by dynamic gamma axons and on one occasion only by a static gamma axon controlling a nuclear bag fibre alone. 6. The conduction velocities of dynamic gamma and static gamma axons overlapped extensively, though dynamic gamma axons were absent from the lower end, and static gamma axons innervating nuclear chain fibres only were absent from the upper end, of the range of velocities. 7. The observations are correlated with spindle structure and histochemistry. Dynamic and static nuclear bag fibres are shown to correspond with 'bag1 fibres' and 'bag2 fibres', respectively (Ovalle & Smith, 1972). 8. The possible origin of the dynamic and static actions of fusimotor axons and the role of the dynamic and static intrafusal systems in motor control are discussed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

Response of osteoarthritis to ibuprofen or flurbiprofen.

Flurbiprofen and ibuprofen, two propionic acid derivatives with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, were compared in a double-blind multiclinic study in 195 patients with osteoarthritis of the peripheral joints. The patients were given 80 mg/day flurbiprofen or 1600 mg/day ibuprofen for six weeks. Pain, subjective evaluation and functional tests improved significantly in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatments in any of the responses. Gastro-intestinal side-effects, generally mild, developed in 5-6% of the patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Variation of reinforcement in performance of a motor skill.

A simple experimental procedure administered by parents was used to study the effects of variation of reinforcement on performance of a motor skill by a 7-yr.-old retarded male. Owing to hemiplegia this subject has a very restricted range of movement in his left hand. The task required him to use his left hand to place wooden cubes within squares drawn on a paper sheet. Factors varied were type of reinforcer (3 consumables), schedule (continuous, fixed ratio and variable ratio), and frequency of reinforcement. Administration of variable ratio delivery was proceived as an enjoyable game by the subject who produced his best performances under this condition. Functional analyses (mini-experiments) should include type of reinforcer and form of delivery.

Child↗