Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Ward

Publications and source records attributed to J Ward.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The protein binding of timegadine determined by equilibrium dialysis.

The protein binding of timegadine to albumin, serum, plasma and plasma enriched with the acute phase reactants alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-anti-trypsin and C-reactive protein was determined by equilibrium dialysis. The effects of other analgesic and anti-inflammatories (indomethacin, ketoprofen, paracetamol and sodium salicylate) and other basic drugs (disopyramide, lignocaine, propranolol and quinidine) on the binding of timegadine were also determined. Timegadine binding was concentration-dependent up to 0.5 micrograms/ml, but independent above this level up to 10.0 micrograms/ml, the mean and standard error being 93.8 +/- 0.5%. Albumin accounted for only 32.4% of timegadine bound to plasma. Plasma enrichment with the acute phase reactants led to significant increases in timegadine binding. Simultaneous dialysis with other drugs caused significant decreases in timegadine binding.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1983

A residence hall tavern as a collegiate alcohol abuse prevention activity.

An alcohol abuse prevention program used community organization to install an experimental tavern in a university residence hall. Upperclass students enrolled in a course on alcohol education managed the tavern as a vehicle to increase resident participation in alcohol abuse prevention activities. Baseline and follow-up surveys assessed consumption levels, problem frequencies and attitudes about alcohol use. Attendance was high at project events. Students increased their use of nonalcoholic beverages, altered their perceptions of heavy drinking and drinking and driving, and saw the program as improving residence hall parties. Beer, wine and liquor consumption did not change as a result of the program. Similarly, self-reports of problems including hangover, drinking and driving, noise and litter were not influenced. Program goals that attempt to formally modify per capita alcohol consumption were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The influence of food intake on the bioavailability of timegadine, a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

The effects of food ingestion on the absorption of timegadine, a recently synthesised non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was studied in ten healthy volunteers. It was found that food enhanced the absorption of timegadine as shown by increased peak plasma concentrations (Cmax), decreased time taken to achieve these concentrations (tmax), and increased area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC).

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

The effect of cimetidine on tolbutamide kinetics.

Although possible on theoretical grounds, no interaction between cimetidine and tolbutamide could be demonstrated in ten healthy volunteers. The plasma tolbutamide concentrations over 12 h following 0.5 g orally were essentially the same before and after 1 and 7 days cimetidine (400 mg twice daily).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Penicillamine-induced pemphigus.

Penicillamine therapy has been associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders, including pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus. The "late scaling rash" or oral ulcerations associated with penicillamine may represent the superficial erosions of early pemphigus. We describe four patients with pemphigus induced by penicillamine therapy and emphasize the "seborrhea-like" characteristics of this eruption that may obscure the diagnosis. A high prevalence (71%) of HLA-B15 is noted in the seven patients on whom HLA data are available. Early recognition is important because of the potentially fatal nature of pemphigus. The mechanism by which penicillamine induces or unmasks pemphigus and other immunologic syndromes remains to be elucidated.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Rebound phenomena: results of a 10 years' (1970--1980) literature review.

A survey of the literature over 10 years (1970--1980) shows that the phenomenon of 'rebound' can appear after withdrawal of a large number of drugs belonging to various chemical classes and also, as a physiologic compensatory mechanism of the central nervous system, without drugs. Among the various drugs, benzodiazepine hypnotics are also mentioned in problems related to 'rebound' (insomnia, anxiety). Controversial opinions are expressed regarding the appearance of rebound insomnia or anxiety. It seems that those authors who believe in the existence of rebound relate it either to therapy with high doses of drugs or to hypnotics with short to intermediate half-life.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1982

Chemoprophylaxis of recurrent otitis media using trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

This study was undertaken during the late fall, winter, and early spring months to determine the efficacy of daily trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) administration in the prevention of recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) in a specific high-risk pediatric population. Twenty-one ambulatory patients, 10 in the study group and 11 in the control group, were selected from a medical university clinic and a local private practice. The study group receiving prophylactic therapy for six months suffered no recurrences, as compared with eight children suffering one recurrence each in the control group that was treated only acutely. The results were significant at p less than 0.005 with df = 1, determined by the Fischer's exact test and the chi-square method using Yates's correction factor. These data indicated that a mean dose of TMP/SMX 6.8/34 mg/kg/d divided into twice daily doses and given for six months was safe and effective in controlling RAOM infections in a high-risk pediatric population.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

The Porteus Maze Test in the measurement of reflection/impulsivity.

This study investigated the use of the Porteus Maze test as a measure of reflection/impulsivity when used with both normal and retarded subjects. Study 1 (N = 90) provided sample data for three equal groups of 30 adolescent students in the regular school. These were defined as above average, average, and below average in general intelligence. In addition to measures of qualitative and quantitative scoring, data were also available from Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test and a specially constructed Teachers' Rating Scale. The below-average group showed a significantly more impulsive approach. There was evidence of the concurrent validity of Porteus Maze as shown in substantial correlations with the other variables. Study 2 investigated the use of the Porteus Maze with 41 mildly intellectually handicapped adolescents. The data were in keeping with those obtained from a below-average group in Study 1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Extension of the use of measures of cognitive style to moderately-severely retarded trainees in a field setting.

This study investigated the feasibility of using measures of cognitive tempo with 66 institutionalized moderately-severely retarded adolescents and adults in the field settings of three Activity Centres--one rural and two urban. The Matching Familiar Figures Test and the Porteus Maze Tests could, with characteristic modifications, be administered to this type of population, the typical response being slow and error-prone. Either one or both could contribute usefully to the prediction of work performance in the groups concerned, but would have little to offer over and above conventional individual tests of general intelligence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The relationship between nuclear DNA content and centromere volume in higher plants.

The total volume of centromeres per nucleus varies widely within Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (7-fold) and between 11 higher plant species (24-fold). Such variation is closely correlated with nuclear DNA content, nuclear volume and, to a lesser extent, the total volume of nucleoli per nucleus. Centromere volume reflects minor intraspecific developmental fluctuations in nuclear size independent of variation in nuclear DNA content, but variation in nuclear DNA plays the major role in determining centromere volume. Thus, in general a given total volume of centromeric material is apparently characteristic of an approximately constant nuclear volume and mass of nuclear DNA, but largely independent of chromosome number. The range of volume of single centromeres in 4 taxa corresponds with the ranges of their single chromosome lengths or chromosome DNA contents. The centromere is, therefore, not a unit structure of constant size and mass but a chromosome segment whose highly variable volume closely reflects the volume and mass of the chromosome to which it belongs. The correlation between centromere size and chromosome size and DNA content is potentially useful for identifying single centromeres in unsquashed interphase and dividing nuclei; thereby facilitating studies of the intranuclear disposition of chromosomes. The present results for centromeres provide probably the first example to indicate that variation in the total DNA content of small segments present on each chromosome sometimes varies directly in proportion to large interspecific variation in nuclear DNA C-value. The close correlation between centromere volume, and nuclear DNA content is probably nucleotypic in origin. The functional significance of the variation in centromere volume is unknown, as is the nature of the mechanism which determines that centromere volume closely reflects nuclear and chromosome size and mass.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1981

The detection of spinal pseudarthrosis in ankylosing spondylitis.

Spinal pseudarthrosis in ankylosing spondylitis can be difficult to detect radiologically. This paper assesses the value of bone radioscintigraphy in relation to radiological examination. The patterns of tracer uptake in the spine were recorded in 16 patients in whom established ankylosing spondylitis was complicated by pseudarthrosis. Twenty such lesions were identified in 16 patients, mostly occurring at one level in a junctional region of the spine. Four patients had two lesions. Standard radiography failed to demonstrate this abnormality in seven patients and in these, tomography was required to confirm the scintigraphic findings. On the other hand, bone scanning was much less accurate in detecting the minor forms of marginal vertebral end plate destruction (spondylo-discitis) than conventional radiology. This study suggests that 99TcmMDP scanning is a useful primary investigation for the detection of spinal pseudarthrosis in patients with chronic ankylosing spondylitis who suffer late onset back pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Preservation of retinal ganglion cells and normal patterns of retinogeniculate projections in prosimian primates with long-term ablations of striate cortex.

Retinal ganglion cell distributions and laminar patterns of retinogeniculate projections were studied in prosimian galagos after partial lesions of striate cortex in adults and survivals of 3 months to 3 years. In contrast to lesions in monkeys, where similar procedures led to a loss of ganglion cells and of projections to the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus, the striate cortex lesions in galagos produced no detectable loss of ganglion cells and no change in the laminar pattern of retinogeniculate terminations.

Animals↗