The essentials of management remain the same whatever the cause of the acutely painful scrotum. 1. History is paramount. At what time did the pain come on and with what severity? Has this changed in any way? Is there any aggravation or relief and with what is the pain associated? Are there any urinary symptoms of note? Have there been any previous episodes of pain, possibly of lesser severity? How does the patient feel? 2. Always examine the whole child. Does he look unwell or in pain? Does he have a fever? Is he tachycardic? Is his abdomen soft? 3. Stand the boy up and note the position in which he stands. Look at the scrotum. Does the skin look normal or oedematous? What is its colour? What is the lie of the testis? Remember the left usually sits a little lower than the right. Do the testes hang transversely or at an angle? Is there any swelling of the groin that might indicate a hernia? 4. Elicit the cremasteric reflex on both sides, starting with the unaffected. Examine the normal, unaffected side and determine the anatomy. Ask if you can palpate the affected side. Isolate the testis and grasp it transversely, as anteriorly as possible. Establish whether tenderness is global, superior or posterolateral. If possible, stretch the skin gently over the upper aspect and look for the 'blue dot'. 5. There are no investigations of choice save prompt surgical opinion and exploration. Remember the relative incidences of the various diagnoses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A chapter with a view.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

British Columbia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of sealants in pediatric patients.

The objective of this investigation was to determine the frequency of retreatment of sealed teeth in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at The University of Iowa College of Dentistry for the eight years between July 1985 through July 1993. The 7,838 teeth initially sealed were reviewed and it was found that 78 percent had not required resealing or restoration and another 13.2 percent only required resealant. Sealants placed in first permanent molars in six, seven and eight-year-olds required more retreatment than those in older children. Those placed initially in second molars in eleven and twelve-year-olds required more resealants than those placed in older children. It was concluded that sealants had been a successful preventive procedure, but the failures of early placement leave some doubt as to the best time to place sealants.

Age Factors↗

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The effectiveness of preventive resin restorations in pediatric patients.

In a six-year, eight-month period, 5,185 preventive resin composite sealants (preventive resin restorations) were placed in permanent molars and premolars in children, five through eighteen years of age in the University of Iowa Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequency of failure or retreatment of these teeth. The median observation time was for 18.5 months (the longest was for 79.2 months); 88.3 percent required no additional restorative procedures. The median time for resealing was one year after placement, in 6.2 percent of the cases. Three hundred and sixty-four (8 percent) of these teeth required retreatment consisting of one-surface amalgam or additional composite material. In conclusion it would appear that the composite/sealant/restoration in the permanent dentition may require further evaluation in an attempt to reduce the incidence of repair or replacement of these restorations.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A review of selected microstomia prevention appliances.

Perioral burns may occur due to electrical, thermal, or chemical agents. The resultant contracture of the facial tissue during healing causes limited oral access, compromised esthetics, and other related problems. This article presents various microstomia prevention appliances used by dentists and hospital burn centers. These appliances reflect different treatment concerns, ease of fabrication, age appropriateness, and cost effectiveness. An understanding of these factors and available appliances will aid the clinician in selecting or developing the best appliance for burn patients.

Age Factors↗