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Biomedical subjects

J Waldman

Publications and source records attributed to J Waldman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

An epidemiologic case-control study of central nervous system tumors in children and parental occupational exposures.

A population-based case-control study was conducted with 338 patients less than 15 years of age who were diagnosed with a primary tumor of the central nervous system from January 1968 through December 1977 in 53 contiguous New York counties. The study also included 676 controls who were selected from the birth certificate files of the New York State Department of Health. Parental occupational exposures at the time of each child's birth and at the time of tumor diagnosis were derived from maternal interviews. The current data set failed to show any consistent association between childhood central nervous system tumor risk and paternal occupational exposures to hydrocarbons or to electromagnetic fields, or employment in the aerospace industry or pulp and paper manufacturing. Findings for occupational exposures to ionizing radiation were also inconsistent. A positive association was observed between central nervous system tumor risk and paternal exposures to ionizing radiation based on industrial codes. Odds ratios ranged from 1.71 to 2.15. This association was not observed when paternal occupational titles were used to define exposure (range of odds ratios, 1.01-1.10). Maternal exposures to ionizing radiation were not related to risk regardless of the classification scheme used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Early extubation after surgical repair of congenital heart disease.

Of 220 pediatric patients recovering from surgical repair of congenital heart disease, 147 (67%) met our criteria for early extubation and were extubated either in the operating room or within 6 h after admission to the surgical ICU. The duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation correlated with the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass during surgical repair. In patients undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect, preoperative measures of pulmonary vascular status (PPA/PAO and RP/RS) also correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The fate of nitrates and nitrites in the organism.

The nitrate balance was investigated in infants and adults. While in infants the amount of nitrate excreted in the urine was roughly 100% of the amount ingested, the amount in adults was only 30-35%. The nitrate concentration in the saliva of both groups was approximately the same. Observations of the reducing activity of faeces of pigs revealed that the rate of nitrate reduction became faster when the nitrate intake was increased. The amount of nitrates excreted depends on the amount reduced to nitrites in the organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Intracranial pressure in Reye syndrome. Monitoring and control.

Two patients who became comatose with Reye syndrome had continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure and blood pressure. Respirations were controlled, and mannitol and urea were administered to control elevated intracranial pressure. Continuous intracranial pressure monitoring proved to be a valuable adjunct to therapy for Reye syndrome.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deliberate hypotension in head and neck surgery.

The deliberate reduction of blood pressure in an attempt to reduce intraoperative blood loss has generated significant controversy in the 30 years since its clinical introduction. Numerous series have been reported, but few have met generally accepted, current criteria for controlled studies. In this article, the effect of blood pressure reduction on organ perfusion will be presented together with a review of techniques of achieving hypotension. A summary of results is included and, based on this data, recommendations are offered regarding the application and limits of deliberate hypotension.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Failure of balloon dilatation in mid-cavity obstruction of the systemic venous atrium after the Mustard operation.

Mid-cavity obstruction of the systemic venous atrium developed after the Mustard operation in a child with transposition of the great arteries. Balloon dilatation (BD) was performed twice, to a maximum theoretical transverse diameter of 18 mm. Each time obstruction was initially relieved, but recurred within months. The usefulness of balloon dilatation therapy requires long-term follow-up. Results from currently reported experience do not suggest a major therapeutic role for this procedure in children.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mistaken identity: the effect of badges on EMT recognition.

INTRODUCTION: Many emergency medical services (EMS) providers wear badges with their uniforms. This study was undertaken to determine whether emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who wear badges with their uniforms are more likely to be mistaken for law enforcement personnel than are those who do not wear badges. HYPOTHESIS: Emergency medical services providers who wear badges are more likely to be mistaken for law enforcement personnel than are those who do not wear badges. METHODS: High school students, college students, civic organizations, and church groups were shown slides of different uniforms and badges/insignia and asked to identify the person portrayed. Responses were categorized as "EMS," "law enforcement," or "other." Frequency of responses for each uniform and insignia were compared with chi-square analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-nine percent of the uniforms with badges were identified as law enforcement personnel. Only 5.5% of the uniforms with badges were identified as "EMS," compared with 74% of the uniforms with a Star of Life (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Individuals wearing uniforms with badges are more likely to be identified as law enforcement personnel than are EMS personnel. Emergency medical services providers who do not wish to be mistaken for law enforcement personnel should wear the Star of Life, not a badge, with their uniform.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unintentional carbon monoxide deaths in California from residential and other nonvehicular sources.

To investigate risk factors of unintentional carbon monoxide deaths in California from nonvehicular sources, we identified 270 deaths resulting from nonvehicular sources of carbon monoxide poisoning from death certificates and coroners' investigation reports. Data recorded between 1979 and 1988 in the state of California on risk factors and carbon monoxide sources were abstracted from investigation reports. We also used census and state statistics to calculate rates and relative risks. The highest rates, which occurred in winter, were found among males, African Americans, and the elderly. Relative risks (in parentheses) were higher among individuals who (a) lived in multiunit dwellings (2.1), (b) dwelled in mobile/trailer homes (4.7), and (c) resided in temporary shelters (30.0) than among individuals who lived in single-family houses (1.0). Unvented combustion heating appliances and charcoal fuel were associated significantly with the risks of fatal unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning.

Accidents↗