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Biomedical subjects

J Wade

Publications and source records attributed to J Wade.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The relationship between reproductive state and "sexually" dimorphic brain areas in sexually reproducing and parthenogenetic whiptail lizards.

The anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus are sexually dimorphic in the reproductively active whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus inornatus. The anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area, which is involved in the control of male-typical copulatory behaviors, is larger in males, whereas the ventromedial hypothalamus, which is involved in the control of female-typical receptivity, is larger in females. In the parthenogenetic whiptail lizard C. uniparens, which is a direct descendant of C. inornatus and exhibits both male-like and female-like pseudosexual behaviors, both brain areas are comparable in size to those of female C. inornatus. This study was conducted to determine whether these brain areas change in size in either species or sex during a time of year when these animals are reproductively inactive, or after removal of the gonads. In male C. inornatus both brain areas changed during reproductive inactivity (either seasonally or surgically induced) and became equivalent to the size characteristic of reproductively active female C. inornatus. When corrected for brain size, the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area was significantly smaller in intact hibernating and castrated males than in intact males from the summer breeding season. Conversely, the ventromedial hypothalamus was significantly larger in intact hibernating and castrated males than in intact males from the summer breeding season. The two brain areas were not significantly different among the groups of female C. inornatus or parthenogenetic C. uniparens. These results suggest that 1) the brain of whiptail lizards may differentiate seasonally and 2) the female state may be a neutral one to which the male brain reverts during reproductive inactivity.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

The effects of intracranial implantation of estrogen on receptivity in sexually and asexually reproducing female whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus inornatus and Cnemidophorus uniparens.

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is an important site in the neuroendocrine control of sexual receptivity in mammals. This study was conducted to determine if the VMH was also involved in estrogen induction of receptivity in whiptail lizards. Estradiol benzoate (EB) was implanted into the VMH of ovariectomized Cnemidophorus inornatus, a sexually reproducing species, and C. uniparens, a parthenogenetic species which displays "pseudosexual" behaviors similar to the sexual behaviors typical of both male and female C. inornatus. In both species, EB was significantly more effective in eliciting receptivity when implanted in the VMH than in other locations in the brain. These results support the idea that, as in mammals, the VMH is an important location of estrogen action in the control of receptive behaviors in both sexually and asexually reproducing whiptail lizards.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy evaluation of physostigmine and anticholinergic adjuncts as a pretreatment for nerve agent intoxication.

Pretreatment of nonhuman primates with physostigmine (Phy) and scopolamine or physostigmine and trihexyphenidyl 25 min before exposure to 2 LD50 soman im resulted in complete survival without convulsions or loss of consciousness. When identically pretreated animals were challenged with 5 LD50s of soman followed by atropine and 2-PAM therapy 1 min later, all animals experienced a loss of consciousness for approximately 10 min followed by functional recovery within an additional 20 min. These findings indicated that a pretreatment regimen composed of Phy and cholinolytic is capable of protecting primates from an absolute lethal dose of soman with rapid recovery from incapacitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Medical-legal concerns among Canadian anaesthetists.

This paper reports the results of a national survey of anaesthetists which was undertaken to determine the effect of liability concerns on the practice of anaesthesia. Four hundred seventy-six anaesthetists from four regions (East, Quebec, Ontario and the West) (overall usable response rate of 73.3 per cent) responded to a series of questions on sources of liability information, changes in practice patterns over the past five years, changes in style of practice and attitudes towards the physician-patient relationship and to medical-legal concerns. The major findings were that the respondents rated liability concerns as the first or second most important reason for making major changes in their practice. Some of the changes in practice were related to increased use of monitoring, more time spent with patients discussing the risks of anaesthesia and increased documentation. On the negative side, respondents had decreased the administration of obstetrical and paediatric anaesthesia and were ordering more laboratory tests and x-rays. The majority of respondents agreed that the physician-patient relationship has suffered in recent years and physicians who had been in practice for longer periods of time were more likely to be dissatisfied and to consider leaving the field of medicine. However, the survey could not show a cause-and-effect relationship between claimed practice changes and fear of litigation.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗
PubMed1990

Sexually dimorphic areas in the brain of whiptail lizards.

The whiptail lizard species Cnemidophorus inornatus exhibits sexually dimorphic mating behaviors. We report that complementary sexual dimorphisms exist in two hypothalamic regions in male and female C. inornatus. The anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area (AH-POA), which is involved in male-typical mounting and intromission behaviors, is larger in males. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), which controls female-typical receptivity, is larger in females. The all-female whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus uniparens, a direct descendant of C. inornatus, regularly and reliably displays both male-like mounting and female-like receptive (pseudosexual) behaviors. Rather than having a male-like AH-POA, however, the AH-POA as well as the VMH of C. uniparens resemble that of female C. inornatus. The biological basis of pseudosexual behavior in the parthenogen appears to be due to an unusual sensitivity to ovarian progesterone rather than to a difference in brain morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Transient ischaemic attacks.

Transient ischaemic attacks carry an increased risk of subsequent stroke, but death is more likely to result from myocardial infarction than from cerebral causes. Modification of risk factors, medical treatment and surgical intervention all have a role in management.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1989

Segmental latissimus dorsi free flap: clinical applications.

For 15 years, the latissimus dorsi muscle has enjoyed a consistent reputation with reconstructive surgeons as a reliable pedicle or free flap transferred with or without a skin island. Previous laboratory investigation has delineated the neurovascular intramuscular anatomy. The segmental latissimus transfer makes use of the intramuscular anatomy such that a lateral segment of the muscle is denervated and transferred with the thoracodorsal vascular pedicle while the medial segment of the muscle remains in situ innervated normally and perfused by the dorsal perforating branches of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh intercostal vessels. In this article we report our results using segmental free flap transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle in 11 patients. Electromyographic studies have been performed more than a year postoperatively to document the function of the residual latissimus left in situ. Our clinical observations show that the segmental free transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle can be accomplished with little risk in those situations not requiring the entire muscle, and that the portion of the muscle not transferred continues to function well and improves the contour of the back.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of multiple subcutaneous Nocardia asteroides abscesses with ciprofloxacin and doxycycline.

We report on the successful use of oral ciprofloxacin and doxycycline in the treatment of multiple subcutaneous nocardial abscesses in an immunocompromised patient with active non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This relatively inexpensive regimen allowed the patient to return home and was not associated with any significant side effects. The patient has shown no sign of relapse of her nocardial infection over an 8-month period on the above regimen.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Vascular risk factors and leuko-araiosis.

Leuko-araiosis was found in 49 of 140 demented patients compared with 12 out of 110 control subjects. Thirty-one of 95 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type had leuko-araiosis. A history of stroke was four times more frequent in patients with leuko-araiosis than in those without leuko-araiosis (17.4% and 4.4%, respectively). It occurred in 25% of controls with leuko-araiosis compared with only 2% of those without leuko-araiosis. Mean systolic blood pressure was associated with leuko-araiosis. No association was found for diastolic blood pressure, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, or carotid bruits. On logistic regression analysis, the strong association between dementia and leuko-araiosis was mainly explained by a history of stroke. There are common factors in leuko-araiosis and stroke, but stroke alone does not account for leuko-araiosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Definitive combined modality therapy of carcinoma of the anus. A report of 30 cases including results of salvage therapy in patients with residual disease.

Thirty patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the anus, ranging in age from 40 to 89 years, were treated with combined chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT) in lieu of abdominoperineal resection. Two courses of 5-FU (1000 mg/m2/day X four days) by continuous infusion and mitomycin-C (10-15 mg/m2 IV bolus on day 1 of each course) were given 3 to 4 weeks apart simultaneously, with whole pelvis RT to 4140 to 4500 cGy. Twenty-one of 28 patients had T3-T4 primaries and ten had positive nodes (N1). Two of the 30 patients were treated for local recurrence following surgical excision and one was treated immediately after local excision. Twenty-six of the 30 patients attained biopsy-confirmed complete remission. Four of the 30 patients demonstrated residual disease at completion of therapy but all subsequently achieved complete remission with additional nonsurgical treatment. One patient, initially treated for local recurrence following excision failed locally at four years and was salvaged with chemotherapy followed by abdominoperineal resection. No patient has experienced distant failure. Twenty-seven of 30 patients were alive and disease free after 9 to 76 months of follow-up and three died, disease-free, of unrelated causes. Acute toxicities were mild and did not necessitate interruption of treatment. A brisk perineal reaction and diarrhea were noted in all patients. Late complications were unusual. All patients were treated in a community-based, private practice setting. The authors conclude that combined CT-RT, as employed herein, represents a first-line curative treatment for the majority of patients with epidermoid anal carcinoma. For patients who demonstrate residual disease following this therapy, salvage regimens such as 5-FU infusion and cisplatin, or sequential MTX-5-FU-Leucovorin with additional synchronous RT should be employed before resorting to radical surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Social and health policy issues in total joint replacement surgery.

Total joint replacement has restored function and provided comfort to many patients who would otherwise have suffered. However, success and widespread diffusion of this procedure pose a number of important questions. The patient's and the doctor's criteria of success may not be the same: Which are to be used? Health resources are becoming limited: Should money be spent to restore function and for pain relief to those late in life or past their work life? Who makes this choice? A medical technology is tested in the best of settings but routinely practiced in many: How should society and health care professionals monitor the results of surgery? Who should do surgery and where should it be done?

Health Resources↗