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Biomedical subjects

J W Weiss

Publications and source records attributed to J W Weiss.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Parenteral vs. inhaled atropine: density dependence of maximal expiratory flow.

Using forced vital capacity maneuvers, we measured maximal expiratory flow rates (Vmax) and static elastic recoil pressures of the lung [Pst(L)] using quasi-static maneuvers in normal nonsmoking human subjects who were breathing air and after a washing of 80% helium-20% oxygen before and after both inhaled and intravenously administered atropine sulfate. By both routes there were equivalent increases in Vmaxair but different effects on density dependence (DD) of Vmax (DD = ratio of VmaxHeO2 to Vmaxair) and on Pst(L). At 30% of vital capacity, DD decreased from an average of 1.47 to 1.32 (P less than 0.01, paired t test) after inhaled drug and did not change after parenteral administration [1.44 vs. 1.48 (P greater than 0.2)]. After inhalation Pst(L) did not change, but after parenteral administration Pst(L) significantly decreased. We interpret these findings to indicate a predominantly large-airway effect with the inhalation route and a more uniform dilatation after the parenteral dose. These results contrast with beta-adrenergic dilatation following which small-airway effects predominate regardless of route of administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Food-borne parasitic infections--old stories and new facts.

A review is presented of food-borne parasitic infections. Parasitic infections with public health hazards both from conventional slaughter animals and from seafood (fish and shellfish) are discussed. The former category includes cysticercosis, echinococcosis, and trichinosis, the latter category covers various trematode, cestode, nematode, and possibly also protozoan infections. Examples of trematode infections are heterophyidiasis, transmitted to man by marine fish, and Paragonimus spp parasites, transmitted by crustaceans. Cestode infections include diphyllobothriasis transmitted by both fresh water fish and fish from brackish waters. Special attention is drawn to the condition known as sparganosis. Of the nematode infections, the eosinophilic granulomatous enteritis due to the genera Anisakis, Phocanema, and Contracaecum, transmitted to man by either marine fish or crustaceans, is mentioned. Two other nematode infections. Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Capillaria philippinensis, can also be transmitted to man by marine fish. Free living amoebae (a.o. Naegleria) may be transmitted to man via shellfish as vehicles. Apart from a possible direct effect of these parasites, chemical alterations in seafood resulting from the presence of parasites may also be deleterious to the consumer. Special attention is drawn to a newly developed serological detection method, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which makes detection of infection possible not only at the slaughterhouse but also at the farm or in large herds. Strategies to control parasitic infections both in conventional slaughter animals and in seafood are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Experience with acetabuloplasty according to Pemberton (author's transl)].

Following a brief description of the conventionally most well-known acetabuloplastic procedures for correcting hip dysplasia, the article gives details on acetabuloplasty as described in 1965 by Pemberton. Only few reports on experience collected with this method of operation have been published. The authors' own earlier evaluations and medium-term treatment results after 53 effected operations show that this procedure will mostly bring about a definite improvement of the acetabulum by reducing the acetabular inclination angle (AC angle) and correspondingly increasing the angle between the centre and the craniolateral corner of the acetabulum (CE angle). During the observation periods reported by the authors, an average reducing of the AC angle by 12 degrees was achieved, whereas the CE angle was increased during the same periods by an average of 17.5 degrees. Basic requirements for this operation are good centering of the head of the femur, which must be created, it necessary, via an open positioning of the hip joint or by intertrochanteral osteotomy; in addition, the Y-shaped piece at the botton of the acetabulum must be open, as will be seen from the roentgenogram.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1975

Effects of 5-azacytidine on nucleolar RNA and the preribosomal particles in Novikoff hepatoma cells.

Examination of nucleolar RNA from cultured Novikoff hepatoma cells treated for 3 hr with 5 x 10-4 M 5-azacytidine shows that significant amounts of analog-substituted 45S RNA are processed to the 32S RNA species, but 28S RNA formation is completely inhibited. Under these conditions of analog treatment 37% of the cytidine residues in the 45S RNA is replaced by 5-azacytidine. During coelectrophoresis of nucleolar RNA from 5-azacytidine-treated and control cells, the analog-substituted 45S RNA and 32S RNA display reduced mobilities compared to the control 45S RNA and 32S RNA. Coelectrophoresis of analog-substituted and control RNA after formaldehyde denaturation shows no differences in electrophoretic mobility between the two RNA samples, suggesting that 5-azacytidine incorporation may alter the secondary structure of the 45S RNA and the 32S RNA. 5-Azacytidine at 5 x 10-4 M severely inhibits protein synthesis in Novikoff cells by 3 hr. After this length of treatment, however, CsCl buoyant density analysis reveals no difference in density of either the 80S or 55S preribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles when compared to normal particles. Also 5-azacytidine treatment does not appear to cause major changes in the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of the proteins in the 80S and 55S preribosomal particles. These results together with previous findings suggest that 5-azacytidine's inhibition of rRNA processing is possibly related to its alteration of the structure of the ribosomal precursor RNAs and is not a consequence of a general inhibition of ribosomal protein formation.

Animals↗