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Biomedical subjects

J W Scanlon

Publications and source records attributed to J W Scanlon.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Serum prolactin and respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn.

Prolactin levels were measured in cord blood by radioimmunoassay in 57 premature infants between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation. The level of prolactin was in the range of 20 to 600 ng/ml. Twenty-three of the infants subsequently developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The mean cord prolactin in the infants with RDS was 140 +/- 30.7 ng/ml, whereas in the healthy infants it was 276.4 +/- 26.4 ng/ml. Cord prolactin levels less than 140 ng/ml were associated with a high incidence of RDS: of 25 infants with prolactin levels of less than 140 ng/ml, 19(76%) had RDS. Of the 34 healthy infants, 28(82%) had prolactin levels above 140 ng/ml. The highest levels (500 ng/ml) or prolactin in the group of infants with RDS were in two infants of diabetic mothers. The data suggest that prolactin might have a role in lung maturation in the human fetus.

Female↗
PubMed1979

A prospective study of the oxytocin challenge test and newborn neurobehavioral outcome.

In a prospective study, infants of high-risk mothers delivered over a 1-year period were evaluated by clinical, biochemical, and behavioral methods. Of 67 newborns whose mothers had oxytocin challenge tests (OCTs), 54 were delivered after negative tests, and 13 after positive tests. Infants with positive OCTs had poor state organization and reflexive performance when compared with negative-OCT babies. These infants also showed evidence of intrauterine malnutrition, but did not have any greater asphyxiation than the negative OCT group. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a positive OCT implies pathological placental respiratory insufficiency, which may be superimposed, in many instances, on impairment in utero of the placenta's nutritional function. The clinical manifestation of such dysfunction is the alteration in subtle neonatal neurobehavior.

Behavior↗
PubMed1979

The effects of theophylline on renal function in the premature newborn.

The effects of aminophylline on renal function in 10 premature infants with idiopathic apnea are evaluated. The percent increases in creatinine clearance (128 +/- 339%, mean +/- SD) and sodium clearance (196 +/- 304%, mean +/- SD) are variable while the percent increase in fractional sodium excretion (69 +/- 109%, mean +/- SD) is significant. This effect is postulated to be at the proximal tubule and may be modified by the effects of postnatal age and infusion of albumin. Gestational age, birth weight, heart disease, water and sodium intake and ventilatory support did not appear to influence the results. Hyponatremia is a potential consequence of theophylline therapy for apnea.

Albumins↗
PubMed1978

Clinical and neurobehavioral effects of repeated intrauterine exposure to oxytocin: a prospective study.

A prospective investigation of 114 pregnant women compared 54 with consistently negative oxytocin challenge tests to 60 women who did not have oxytocin challenge tests but did have fetal monitoring during labor. Despite more high risk factors in the OCT group, there were no significant differences noted in the offspring. Specifically, extensive behavioral testing during the first 12 hours of life and at 3 days of age did not show any abnormalities. Furthermore, jaundice and respiratory distress were not seen more often after oxytocin exposure. These data argue that the OCT itself is without demonstrable adverse effects on the otherwise healthy fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Oral gentamicin therapy in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. A controlled double-blind trial.

The value of prophylactic oral gentamicin sulfate therapy in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was evaluated in a group of 42 high-risk neonates over a four-month period in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Twenty babies in the treatment group received 2.5 mg/kg of gentamicin sulfate every six hours for one week after birth, and 22 babies received dextrose-and-water placebo in an equivalently small volume. None of the 20 gentamicin-treated babies developed NEC. Four of the control babies did. Two of these babies died, and their diagnosis was pathologically confirmed. This difference in the incidence of NEC between the treatment and control group was significant at the .05 level. These results support the prophylactic use of orally given gentamicin for selected babies at high risk for NEC, particularly those born prematurely and those who have a history of perinatal asphyxia or umbilical artery catheterization or both. Continued surveillance for changes in antimicrobial sensitivity patterns is recommended.

Administration, Oral↗