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Biomedical subjects

J W Said

Publications and source records attributed to J W Said.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Peripheral T cell lymphoma (immunoblastic sarcoma of T cell type): an immuno-ultrastructural study.

Use of monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell antigens for the phenotypic characterization of neoplastic lymphoid cells in peripheral T cell lymphomas is described. Studies of cryostat sections revealed the distribution of T cell subsets in nodal and extranodal infiltrates, and immuno-ultrastructural techniques demonstrated discrete localization of T cell antigens to the cytoplasmic membranes of neoplastic cells. Although histologically similar, the tumors appeared heterogeneous as to their immunologic phenotype, with the majority demonstrating markers for T helper/inducer lymphocytes.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Localized fibrous mesothelioma: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.

The absence of keratin staining in tumor cells from localized fibrous mesotheliomas in both paraffin-embedded and frozen sections with sensitive peroxidase-antiperoxidase and avidin-biotin techniques is described. In addition ot the absence of staining for whole-stratum corneum keratin proteins, sections were negative for keratins of different molecular weights (45, 55, and 63 kilodaltons) that are characteristically present in mesothelial cells. Ultrastructurally, the cells most closely resembled mesenchymal cells of the fibroblastic type. These findings are in accordance with recent theories that relate the derivation of localized fibrous mesotheliomas to nonmesothelial cells, including subpleural connective tissue. Based on differences in immunohistochemical staining, the tumors appear to be unrelated to diffuse malignant mesotheliomas.

Factor VIII↗
PubMed1984

Myocytolysis (vacuolar degeneration) of myocardium: immunohistochemical evidence of viability.

Human myocardium with focal myocytolysis (vacuolar degeneration, colliquative myocytolysis) was examined by routine light microscopy and by immunoperoxidase staining techniques for creatine kinase (CK) M and B, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase (H4)(LDH-1), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT). Sections of myocardium were selected from autopsy and surgical specimens from patients with and without clinical morphologic evidence of ischemic heart disease. Areas of coagulation necrosis showed loss of enzyme staining, while both normal and myocytolytic cells stained darkly. These results indicate that fibers with myocytolysis retain enzymes and other proteins, indicating sarcolemmal integrity, which is not present in fibers with coagulation necrosis. The implication of these findings is that fibers with myocytolysis are viable; thus, myocytolysis may be a reversible form of myocardial alteration that does not necessarily lead to cell death and eventual myocardial fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Distribution of T-cell phenotypic subsets and surface immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes in lymph nodes from male homosexuals with persistent generalized adenopathy: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

Lymph nodes from homosexual men with persistent generalized adenopathy were evaluated for distribution of T-cell phenotypic subsets and surface immunoglobulin(SIg)-bearing lymphocytes. Electron microscopy revealed tubulovesicular structures within lymphocytes but no multivesicular rosettes. Eight to 33 per cent of the lymphocytes within germinal centers were suppressor T cells, compared with germinal centers from control lymph nodes, in which these cells were rare (P = 0.002). Significantly greater percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes were also present in the paracortex and follicular mantles of lymph nodes from the homosexual group (P = 0.002 and 0.007, respectively). Percentages of helper T lymphocytes were significantly decreased in germinal centers (P = 0.008) and paracortical regions (P = 0.002). Florid follicular hyperplasia with aberrations in follicular architecture was the most common histologic pattern, but one node with diffuse hyperplasia and subtotal effacement of architecture revealed depletion of SIg-bearing lymphocytes and increased numbers of suppressor T cells. Reversed helper-to-suppressor T-cell ratios in lymph nodes from homosexuals with generalized adenopathy may be related to viral infection and contribute to immune deficiency in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Distribution of LDH-1 in normal, ischemic, and necrotic myocardium. An immunoperoxidase study.

To study the distribution of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-1) (H4) in normal, ischemic, and necrotic myocardium using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technic, the authors studied formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human (n = 11) and canine (n = 28) myocardium. All normal control myocardium showed positive immunostaining for LDH-1 (H4). In infarcts 10 hours or more old, the histologically necrotic myocardium (by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining) (TTC) showed markedly diminished immunostaining. In 24-dogs ischemia was induced in a closed-chest model using a balloon-tipped catheter inflated in the left anterior descending coronary artery. In dogs with 3 hours or more of occlusion, myocardium that was necrotic by TTC staining, light and/or electron microscopy, showed diminished staining for LDH-1, while normal, control myocardium stained intensely. In four dogs, ischemia was induced by a controlled perfusion apparatus by which left main coronary flow was reduced by 50%. Ischemia without necrosis was documented by demonstration of glycogen loss with no light or electron microscopic evidence of necrosis. These ischemic fibers stained intensely for LDH-1, as did controls. Thus, by immunoperoxidase staining, LDH-1 can be demonstrated in normal human and canine myocardium. In experimental models of ischemia in dogs, tissue that was ischemic but not necrotic showed no diminished staining. LDH-1 loss can be detected in necrotic myocardium as early as 3 hours after coronary artery occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

True histiocytic lymphoma: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases.

Immunologic studies demonstrate that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are derived predominantly from B- or T-lymphoid cells, while node-based tumors of true histiocytic derivation are rare, with few documented cases. This report describes the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of two cases of node-based true histiocytic lymphoma. Distinctive ultrastructural features included numerous cytoplasmic lysosomes, surface microvillous processes, and occasional cell junctions, and the cells stained strongly for alpha-napthyl acetate esterase and alpha one-antitrypsin. Since there are few specific histologic features, special technics may be essential in confirming the diagnosis of true histiocytic lymphoma, and determining appropriate therapy.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical localization of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 in germ cell tumors of the testis.

In this study, antiserum to lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LD 1) was used to determine immunohistochemical patterns of localization in a variety of germ cell neoplasms of the testis. All 29 seminomas and teratocarcinomas and four of seven embryonal carcinomas were positive for LD 1. These results suggest that elevated serum LD 1 levels noted in patients with germ cell neoplasms may be derived directly from neoplastic tissue and explain the relationship between serum LD 1 levels and tumor burden. A variety of neoplasms from other organs also were evaluated in order to determine the specificity of LD 1 staining for testicular tumors.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Keratins of different molecular weight in exfoliated mesothelial and adenocarcinoma cells--an aid to cell identification.

Keratin profiles of exfoliated mesothelial and adenocarcinoma cells were determined using antisera to different molecular weight keratins (45, 46, 55, 63 kdaltons) and the immunoperoxidase technic. Most metastatic adenocarcinomas in effusions stained for low (45, 46 kdaltons) and intermediate (55 kdaltons) molecular weight keratins but were negative for 63 kdalton keratin. In contrast, most reactive and malignant mesothelial cells in effusions stained strongly for 63 kdalton keratin and keratins of lower molecular weight. This is the first report of high molecular weight (greater than 60 kdaltons) keratin in exfoliated cells of nonepidermal origin. Differences in staining for 63 kdalton keratin between mesothelial and adenocarcinoma cells may help to distinguish these cells in effusions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Involucrin in squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin: an immunohistochemical study.

Involucrin is a precursor of cross-linked protein of human stratum corneum, and its appearance in the upper layers of the epidermis is a function of the normal differentiation of the keratinocyte. Cases of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated for the presence of involucrin using immunoperoxidase techniques on paraffin sections. Basal cell carcinomas were negative for involucrin with staining restricted to squamous horn cysts, while squamous cell carcinomas stained strongly, particularly in large keratinized cells. Cases of squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) revealed increased staining for involucrin with staining of dyskeratotic cells at all levels in the epithelium. Abnormal patterns of staining were also noted in non-neoplastic epidermis adjacent to carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining for involucrin identifying abnormal or premature keratinization is a sensitive marker for dyskeratosis in squamous epithelia and may have applications in the histopathologic evaluation of skin specimens.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Profiles of keratin proteins in basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. An immunohistochemical study.

Profiles of immunohistochemical staining for different molecular weight keratin proteins (45, 46, 55, and 63 kilodalton (kd] were evaluated in basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin and surrounding epidermis. Basal cell carcinomas predominantly stained with antisera to low molecular weight keratins (45 and 46 kd). Staining with antisera to higher molecular weight keratins (55 and 63 kd) was focal and restricted to areas of squamous differentiation. Invasive squamous cell carcinomas in addition to staining with antisera to low molecular weight keratins (45 and 46 kd) showed diffuse staining for 55-kd keratin and foci of staining for 63-kd keratin most prominent in keratinized regions of the tumors. In situ squamous cell carcinomas (Bowen's disease) differed from invasive squamous cell carcinoma in showing increased staining for high molecular weight keratin (63 kd). Abnormal keratin profiles were identified adjacent to and overlying basal and squamous cell carcinomas, with antisera to low molecular weight keratins (45 and 46 kd) staining all layers of the epidermis, and decreased intensity of staining for high molecular weight keratin (63 kd). Keratin profiles may help define abnormal squamous maturation in epidermis adjacent to tumors. Immunohistochemical staining for different molecular weight keratin proteins may also be helpful in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Estrogen receptors in carcinoma of the breast. A comparison of the dextran-coated charcoal, immunofluorescent, and immunoperoxidase technics.

This study compares the estrogen receptor (ER) content of 26 breast neoplasms as determined by dextran-coated charcoal (DCC), fluorescein-labeled estradiol conjugate (FITC) on frozen sections, and immunoperoxidase (IP) on sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Concordance between results of the three technics was found in 16 (62%) cases. DCC and IP agreed in 18 (69%) cases, DCC and FITC agreed in 22 (85%) cases, and IP agreed with FITC in 18 (69%) cases. Most of the concordant cases (15/16) were in patients with ER-positive neoplasms. The relative merits and applications of the three technics are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Keratin and carcinoembryonic antigen in exfoliated mesothelial and malignant cells: an immunoperoxidase study.

Immunoperoxidase technics were used to identify keratin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in exfoliated cells of fine-needle aspirates and body cavity fluids. Staining was evaluated in cytocentrifuge preparations from 27 malignant and 30 benign cytologic specimens. Most reactive mesothelial cell preparations were strongly positive for keratin and negative or only weakly positive for CEA. Diffuse, peripheral, and perinuclear concentration of staining for keratin was noted in exfoliated reactive mesothelial cells. Positive staining for keratin, predominantly diffuse, was noted in exfoliated cells from 56% of the adenocarcinomas. Sixty-nine per cent of adenocarcinoma preparations were strongly positive for CEA. These findings suggest that keratin proteins are not restricted to squamous cells and that keratin staining does not permit distinction between adenocarcinoma and mesothelial cells in cytologic specimens. Staining for CEA and keratin was compared in cytocentrifuge preparations and histologic sections of 12 adenocarcinomas and 7 lymphomas. In some adenocarcinomas, staining was detected only in cytologic preparations. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed. Variable staining for keratin was observed among exfoliated reactive mesothelial cells, possibly identifying different mesothelial cell populations. All reactive and neoplastic lymphoid cells were negative for keratin and CEA in cytologic and histologic preparations. Immunoperoxidase technics can be applied to rehydrated Papanicolaou-fixed and Papanicolaou-stained cytologic preparations with excellent preservation of cytologic detail.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Gastric lymphoreticular neoplasms: an immunologic study of 36 cases.

Thirty-six lymphoreticular neoplasms involving the stomach were studied by immunologic technics (particularly immunoperoxidase on paraffin sections) for the localization of immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and alpha one-antitrypsin. Fifteen of 29 (52%) primary gastric lymphomas marked as B-cell lymphomas and only one primary gastric lymphoma of true histiocytic type was identified. This is in contrast to the high incidence of true histiocytic tumors reported in some recent studies. Immunoperoxidase on paraffin-embedded and frozen tissues from endoscopic biopsies or surgical resections was particularly useful in confirming the diagnosis of five of seven B-cell immunoblastic sarcomas and 8 of 12 small lymphoid proliferations including two pseudolymphomas. Twenty-two of 29 (76%) primary gastric lymphomas were large-cell lymphomas. The previously reported high incidence of plasma cell tumors could not be confirmed. Atrophic gastritis remote from the neoplasm was noted in 8 of 15 (53%) patients, and this relationship is discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Keratin in human lung tumors. Patterns of localization of different-molecular-weight keratin proteins.

In this immunohistochemical study, antiserums to different molecular weight keratin proteins (45kd, 46kd, 55kd, and 63kd) were utilized to determine the profiles of keratin proteins present in a variety of pulmonary neoplasms. Different histologic types of lung carcinoma exhibited different patterns of keratin staining. Squamous cell carcinomas stained strongly for 45K, 46K, and 55K keratin, with staining for 63K restricted to areas or individual cells with cytoplasmic keratinization. Adenocarcinomas showed variable, generally weak staining for 45K, 46K, and 55K keratin and were uniformly negative for 63K keratin both in frozen and paraffin sections. Mesotheliomas and reactive mesothelial cells, by contrast, stained positively for 63K keratin in addition to keratins of lower molecular weights. Differences in staining for 63K keratin between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma may have diagnostic application. Moreover, individual cytokeratins may serve as markers of tumor differentiation and provide information as to the origin of neoplastic cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Involucrin in lung tumors. A specific marker for squamous differentiation.

Involucrin is a precursor of the cross-linked envelope protein or marginal band present in human stratum corneum. This study uses immunohistochemical techniques for localization of involucrin in histologic sections from 91 lung tumors in order to evaluate the usefulness of involucrin as a tumor marker in lung neoplasms. Although involucrin is absent from bronchial epithelium, it is expressed in cultured tracheal epithelial cell colonies and in bronchial mucosa with squamous metaplasia. Involucrin was present in all 25 cases of squamous and adenosquamous carcinoma. Staining was focal in 12 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and was most marked in the larger neoplastic cells in the center of squamous cell nests. Only two of 20 cases of adenocarcinoma revealed focal staining for involucrin, and these cases may represent adenosquamous variants. Six of 12 cases of large cell undifferentiated carcinoma stained for involucrin, indicating squamous differentiation, and seven cases of malignant mesothelioma were negative. Isolated involucrin-positive cells were present in two of 16 cases of small cell anaplastic carcinoma and one of 11 carcinoid tumors, identifying variants of neuroendocrine tumors with dual differentiation. Patterns of localization of involucrin in paraffin and frozen sections were compared with staining for cytokeratins in parallel sections. Immunohistochemical localization of involucrin comprises a specific marker for squamous differentiation in lung tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Myocardial myoglobin following coronary artery occlusion. An immunohistochemical study.

To evaluate morphologic changes and myoglobin content in normal, ischemic and necrotic myocardium, the authors studied human (n = 13) and dog (n = 28) myocardium by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, light and electron microscopy, periodic acid-Schiff stain for glycogen loss, and by an immunoperoxidase technique. Myocardium from autopsied patients with infarction 10-24 hours old showed loss of myoglobin from necrotic fibers. Dogs with infarcts after 3 hours or more of coronary occlusion showed myoglobin loss in fibers shown to be necrotic. In 4 dogs with 50% reduction in left main coronary artery flow for 3 hours, which demonstrated ischemia without necrosis (glycogen loss with no triphenyl tetrazolium chloride evidence of necrosis), myoglobin staining in myocardial sections was similar to nonischemic and positive control tissues. By comparison of immunoperoxidase staining with concomitant study by light and electron microscopy and histochemistry, loss of myoglobin from necrotic myocardium was demonstrated, while ischemic but not necrotic fibers stained normally. These findings indicate that necrosis is necessary for myoglobin loss from myocardium to be detected by this immunoperoxidase technique.

Animals↗