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Biomedical subjects

J W Rowe

Publications and source records attributed to J W Rowe.

126 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The influence of age on the renal response to water deprivation in man.

Alterations in urine concentrating ability with age were examined in 98 active community-dwelling volunteers (aged 20-79 years) who were free from evidence of diseases known to adversely affect renal function. There was a significant decrease in urine osmolality reached after 12 h dehydration with advancing age, which could not be correlated with the age-related decline in creatinine clearance. A significant age-related diminution in the ability to conserve solute was also observed. This inability to conserve solute may result in diminished medullary tonicity and impaired urinary concentrating ability.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Bullous dermatosis of hemodialysis.

Five patients with chronic renal failure who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis developed a self-limited bullous dermatosis restricted to light exposed areas, primarily involving the dorsa of the hands. Porphyrin levels and phototesting were normal, but histologic sections of the bullae showed thickening of venule walls, hypogranulated mast cells, and perivenular deposition of immunoglobulins. This combination of features has not previously been described and may reflect a pathologic process unique to chronic hemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effect of uremia on rates of ethanol disappearance from the blood and on the activities of the ethanol-oxidizing enzymes.

The effect of uremia on ethanol metabolism was investigated. Uremia was induced in male Spraque-Dawley rats by removal of approximately 85 per cent of the renal mass. Control animals had a sham operation. The mean activity of alcohol dehydrogenase was markedly increased in the uremic rats to 2.12 +/- 0.13 (S.E.M.) mumoles per milligram of protein per hours as compared with a control value of 1.39 +/- 0.13 mumoles per milligram of protein per hour (p less than 0.001). There were no changes in the activity of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, in catalase activity present in the microsomes, or in the rates of ethanol disappearance from the blood. Uremia resulted in decreases in microsomal cytochrome -450, but no changes in cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, or in the activities of aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase. The increase in alcohol dehydrogenase activity could not be reproduced by incubation of liver from a normal rat with uremic rat plasma, uremic human serum, or urea. Also, the increase in the enzyme activity was not associated with changes in leucocyte ascorbic acid levels. The cause and physiologic significance of the increase in alcohol dehydrogenase activity in uremia remain to be elucidated.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cigarette smoking, aging, and decline in pulmonary function: A longitudinal study.

Three serial spirometric determinations of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) were performed during a 10-yr period for 268 adult male cigarette smokers, 181 quitters, and 254 who had never smoked. Smokers were further divided into high- and low-tar consumption groups. Spirometric data were analyzed by repeated measures analyses of variance using time (aging) and smoking status as independent variables and age as a covariate. Results indicated that FVC and FEV1.0 were relatd to smoking status. For all age groups, nonsmokers performed best on spirometry, while current smokers performed worst. The decline in FEV1.0 over time was greatest in current smokers, especially the high-tar group. Loss of FVC over time was not influenced by smoking status.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The delirium symptom interview: an interview for the detection of delirium symptoms in hospitalized patients.

To study delirium in hospitalized elderly, a delirium symptom interview (DSI) was developed by an interdisciplinary group of investigators. This interview was administered in an acute care hospital to 50 patients who were over the age of 65 years. Results from the interview were compared to assessments of major symptoms of delirium made independently by a neurologist and a psychiatrist. This interview had good validity and reliability. The sensitivity of the DSI was .90 and the specificity was .80, when compared with the clinical judgment of a psychiatrist and neurologist. Interrater reliability, using lay interviewers, was .90 for the detection of major symptoms of delirium. These results indicate that the DSI could be used by lay interviewers to assess reliably the symptoms of delirium.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigation of Erythrina spp. VII. Chemical constituents of Erythrina variegata var. orientalis bark.

The petroleum ether extractive of the bark of Erythrina variegata var. orientalis was fractionated and shown to be composed of wax alcohols and wax acids, alkyl ferulates, alkyl phenolates, stigmasterol, sitosterol, campesterol and possibly citrostadienol/24-methylenelophenol. The ethanol extractive yielded chloroform-soluble and water-soluble bases, identified as erysovine and stachydrine, respectively.

Cinnamates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health indices as predictors of cognition among older African Americans: MacArthur studies of successful aging.

Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the MacArthur Successful Aging Study, this paper examines associations between cognition and indices of health in 224 elderly African Americans 70 to 79 years of age at initial interview. The results indicated that greater average peak expiratory flow was predictive of better cognitive performance at the first interview. One longitudinal analysis showed that gender was the only significant predictor of change (change as a continuous variable) with women tending to slightly improve their cognitive performance over time. When change was treated as a dichotomous variable (e.g., a decline of 6 or more points), lower levels of average peak expiratory flow and education were predictive of decline, and positive self-ratings of current health and changes in health in the past year were important factors in the improvement of cognitive performance. The results indicate that, in addition to education, health is an important predictor of the status and course of cognitive functioning in older African Americans.

Black or African American↗