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Biomedical subjects

J W Rippon

Publications and source records attributed to J W Rippon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Disseminated Trichosporon beigelii (cutaneum).

Two cases of invasive Trichosporon beigelii (syn. cutaneum) infection are reported and are compared with the eight other previous reports. All affected patients were either immunosuppressed or had recently undergone a surgical procedure. The diagnosis had been delayed and the prognosis was poor. Only two patients recovered after vigorous antimycotic therapy and concomitant remission of their leukemia. A biopsy of the skin lesion, as illustrated in one of our patients, may prove to be useful in the early diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Thermophillic and thermotolerant fungi isolated from the thermal effluent of nuclear power generating reactors: dispersal of human opportunistic and veterinary pathogenic fungi.

Over a period of a year, samples of water, foam, microbial mat, soil and air were obtained from areas associated with the cooling canal of a nuclear power station. The seventeen sample sites included water in the cooling canal that was thermally enriched and soil and water adjacent to, upstream, downstream and at a distance from the generator. Air samples were taken at the plant and at various distances from the plant. Fifty-two species of thermotolerant and thermophilic fungi were isolated. Of these, eleven species are grouped as opportunistic Mucorales or opportunistic Aspergillus sp. One veterinary pathogen was also isolated (Dactylaria gallopava). The opportunistic/pathogenic fungi were found primarily in the intake bay, the discharge bay and the cooling canal. Smaller numbers were obtained at both upstream and downstream locations. Soil samples near the cooling canal reflected an enrichment of thermophilous organisms, the previously mentioned opportunistic Mucorales and Aspergillus spp. Their numbers were found to be greater than that usually encountered in a mesophilic environment. However, air and soil samples taken at various distances from the power station indicated no greater abundance of these thermophilous fungi than would be expected from a thermal enriched environment. Our results indicate that there was no significant dissemination of thermophilous fungi from the thermal enriched effluents to the adjacent environment. These findings are consistent with the results of other investigators.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1978

Microsporum racemosum. Second clinical isolation from the United States and the Chicago area.

The second clinical isolant in the United States and the Chicago area of the dermatophyte Microsporum racemosum has been made. The circinate macropapular lesion was on the dorsum of the right hand. It was vesicular with an erythematous border, was pruritic and developed rapidly to 5 cm in diameter. Within 48 hrs of the institution of systemic griseofulvin therapy and topical Burow's solution (1:20) symptoms subsided. Both this patient and the one reported by Daum and McCloud (4) live on the mid-northwest side of Chicago. So far the fungus has not been isolated from soil in the area.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Experimental mycosis in immunosuppressed rabbits. I. Acute and chronic candidosis.

Chronic candidosis was established in rabbits by the injection I.V. of 2 X 10(6) cells of C. albicans. The rabbits were assayed every week for 14 weeks for the appearance of candida antigen and anticandida antibodies in serum and other body fluids. Tests were carried out in double diffusion plates; antigen against hyperimmune rabbit sera and antibody against Candida cell sap antigen preparation. A sensitive specific passive hemagglutination procedure was also developed which used chromate treated cells. In rabbits with chronic candidosis not treated with cyclophosphamide antigen was detected in 4x concentrated serum between the fifth and sixth week. At about the same time antibodies were demonstrable and thereafter antigen was no longer detected. Maximum antibody titer occurred between the eight to 10th week and disappeared thereafter. If cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg was given at this point, anticandida antibodies reappeared in high titers, persisted from three to four weeks and then disappeared. At autopsy no evidence of candidosis was present. If rabbits were pretreated with cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg for one week before inoculation and given the drug weekly thereafter no antibody was detectable but antigen and antibody were present in body fluids (not serum) at post mortem.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Experimental mycosis in immunosuppressed rabbits. II. Acute and chronic aspergillosis.

The influence of immunosuppression on the course of experimental aspergillosis was investigated. Rabbits (2.2--2.5 kg) were divided into four groups. Group one received no drugs and was given 10(6) spores intravenously (IV) or intratracheally (IT) on two occasions one week apart. Weight gain or loss, appearance or disappearance of aspergillus antigen and/or antibody, and detection of aspergillosis at autopsy were followed. Group 2 received weekly injections of cyclophosphamide (70 mg/kg) starting two weeks prior and throughout the experiment. Animals in group three received either 1.14 or 2.25 mg/kg/day methyl prednisolone and group four received 2.28 mg/kg/day methyl prednisolone and 70 mg/kg/week cyclophosphamide. In group one, serum antigen levels were detected within a week of infection followed by antibody (I.D.) levels for three months. All animals grew normally and no infection was detected at autopsy. In group 2, animals survived one but not two challenges and had Ag but no Ab. In group 3, animals survived two challenges at the lower drug level but not the higher. All animals in group 4 succumbed to one challenge.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Blastomycosis: specificity of antigens reflecting the mating types of Ajellomyces dermatitidis.

In a study of sera from patients with proven or suspected blastomycosis, positive immunodiffusion tests were obtained in all active cases when fresh sera were tested with a cell sap (CS) antigen. False negatives occurred on occasion when an ethanol precipitate (EPF) antigen was used alone. No false positives were found. The CS antigen from the (+) mating type had in common two lines of identity with the (CS) antigen of the (-) type. In addition, other lines were present when the patient was infected with the same mating type as was used for the preparation of the antigen. No differences in the electrophoretic patterns of the enzymes leucine amino peptidase or phosphatase were noted when preparations from the two mating types were compared. However, a distinct pattern was noted when the alpha esterases of the (+) and (-) mating types were examined. Specific alpha esterase antibodies were present in patients' sera.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1977

Case report: miliary blastomycosis with cerebral involvement.

A patient was diagnosed as having labyrinthitis and an intracranial brain tumor. At the time a very fine nodularity to the bronchopulmonary markings was noted on the chest roentgenogram. Subsequent follow up examination revealed diffuse nodular densities throughout both lung fields having the appearance of a miliary distribution. Antituberculous therapy was begun empirically, but the patient expired within three weeks. At autopsy multiple granulomas were found in the cerebrum, cerebellum and meninges. By culture and histologic examination, these were determined to contain Blastomyces dermatitidis. The lungs contained numerous small granulomata almost to the exclusion of native pulmonary architecture. Lesions were also seen in spleen, lymph nodes and pancreas.

Blastomycosis↗
PubMed1977

Pathogenesis and epidemiology of opportunistic mycotic infections: a review.

The pathogenesis, epidemiology, and ecology of pathogenic and opportunistic systemic infecting fungi are reviewed. The pathogenic fungi including the etiologic agents of histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis are limited geographically, can establish an infection in a normal host, and exhibit thermal dimorphism. In contrast, the opportunist fungi (Asperigillus sp., Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Mucor sp., and Rhizopus sp.) are widely distributed in nature, require altered host defenses for infection, and do not exhibit thermal dimorphism. Mechanisms of pathogenesis are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Aspergillus terreus osteomyelitis.

Aspergillus terreus infection limited to the L1-2 disk space and first and second lumbar vertebrae developed in a patient not predisposed to invasive aspergillosis. The observation of morphologically distinct secondary spores (aleuriospores) on microscopic examination of open biopsy specimens permitted a preliminary identification of A terreus, which was confirmed by culture. The infection was eradicated with amphotericin B in a total dose of 3 gm. Aspergillus terreus is usually a saprophyte. The present case and four others collected from the literature establish this species as an invasive pathogen.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Scopulariopsosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis in an addict.

Granulomatosis caused by fungal spores of a soil saprophyte is a newly recognized pulmonary complication of intravenous drug addiction. Brown, non-budding spores were histologically identified in necrotic tissue, inside giant cells of sarcoidlike granulomata, and in the vicinity of focal angiitic lesions. The fungus was identified by culture as the dematiaceous Scopulariopsis brumptii. Cultural and histopathologic studies of lung biopsy specimens established the diagnosis. We showed precipitating antibodies to fungal antigen in the serum, prepared from the patient's isolate. Similar granulomatous pulmonary lesions were experimentally produced in mice by a single intravenous injection of spores of S. brumptii. The spores remained viable but did not show evidence of growth in the animal's tissue. Precipitating antibodies to fungal antigen and immediate wheal and late necrotizing type of skin reactions were shown in the challenged mice. The studies support the notion that pulmonary hypersensitivity to fungal spores was mediated by an Arthus'-type phenomenon.

Adult↗