Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J W Pearman

Publications and source records attributed to J W Pearman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Genetic analysis of community isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Western Australia.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) obtained from patients who had not been hospitalized outside Western Australia (WA) were studied for antimicrobial resistance and plasmid content and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. They were found to be of several types, none of which appeared to be related to MRSA which have been previously studied. It appears that new MRSA strains have emerged in communities in the far north of WA and are being isolated at an increasing frequency in Perth hospitals 2000 km south.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Bladder instillations of trisdine compared with catheter introducer for reduction of bacteriuria during intermittent catheterisation of patients with acute spinal cord trauma.

An open, prospective, randomised trial was conducted to compare the incidence of significant bacteriuria following 2 methods of intermittent urethral catheterisation in patients with acute spinal cord trauma. Twenty-two patients were catheterised with a Nelaton catheter and 50 ml of Trisdine were instilled into the bladder and left there immediately prior to withdrawal of the catheter. Fifteen patients were catheterised with a Nelaton catheter with a special introducer to improve asepsis (O'Neil catheter). The mean incidence of significant bacteriuria in males and females who received Trisdine bladder instillations was 0.58 and 0.48% per catheterisation respectively; in males and females catheterised with the O'Neil catheter it was 1.16 and 2.93% per catheterisation respectively. The instillation of Trisdine into the bladder after each passage of a catheter resulted in a significantly lower incidence of bacteriuria compared with that which resulted from the use of the O'Neil catheter. The former method is therefore to be preferred for aseptic intermittent urethral catheterisation in patients with acute spinal cord trauma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Antibiotics and endodontics.

Antibiotics can be used as an adjunct to endodontic treatment in a number of ways--locally, systemically and prophylactically. The local or intra-canal use of antibiotics in the form of medicaments is common. However, the commercially available agents for this purpose may not be the ideal mixtures. Systemic antibiotics should be restricted to patients who have local signs of infection, malaise and elevated body temperature. Prophylactic use of antibiotics has been recommended for patients 'at risk' of infective endocarditis, in some pre-surgical situations and following avulsion and replantation of teeth. The tendency towards indiscriminate antibiotic use should be discouraged. The use of broad spectrum drugs should be restricted so that these medications remain effective in serious situations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of the efficacy of "Trisdine" and kanamycin-colistin bladder instillations in reducing bacteriuria during intermittent catheterisation of patients with acute spinal cord trauma.

An open, prospective, randomised, comparative study of "Trisdine" and kanamycin-colistin bladder instillations in reducing significant bacteriuria during intermittent urethral catheterisation was conducted. Trisdine is an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine gluconate 0.01% with added ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid disodium salt and TRIS buffer at final concentrations of 1.34 mMoles and 0.01 Molar respectively. All patients (15 males and 3 females) admitted with acute spinal cord trauma and bladder involvement requiring intermittent catheterisation for more than 5 days during a 12-month period were studied. There was no significant difference in the mean incidence of significant bacteriuria during intermittent catheterisation in the 7 males who had kanamycin-colistin bladder instillations compared with the 8 males who had Trisdine instillations. A comparison could not be made in the females because there were only 3 patients. Because Trisdine is more stable at ambient temperatures, is less likely to select antibiotic-resistant bacteria and is less expensive, it is concluded that Trisdine is preferable to kanamycin-colistin solution for bladder instillations during intermittent catheterisation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Genetics and epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in a Western Australian hospital.

Strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in the Royal Perth Hospital (RPH) in Western Australia have been analysed genetically and three main types were characterized: (i) strains similar to those isolated in Europe before 1973. These strains caused small outbreaks in the RPH during the period 1966-1974, but have not been isolated in recent years, except from one patient with reactivation of osteomyelitis after 16 years; (ii) strains of the type prevalent in eastern and northern Australia, one of which caused a difficult-to-control outbreak in the RPH in 1982. Strains of this type have previously been isolated only from patients who had been in hospitals in eastern and northern Australia, but recently were isolated also from other patients--which indicates that this type of MRSA is now present in the Western Australian community; and (iii) strains, which are genetically different from either of the above two types, were isolated from patients who had been in hospitals in Southeast Asia, but have not yet caused an outbreak in the RPH.

Australia↗
PubMed1985

Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an Australian metropolitan teaching hospital complex.

In April 1982, a patient infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was transferred to the Royal Perth Hospital from the Royal Darwin Hospital. Within three months, 19 patients and four staff members had become infected or colonized with MRSA. The outbreak was terminated only after all colonized inpatients were transferred to a separate isolation unit. After the outbreak, all new patients and new employees who had been in hospitals outside Western Australia in the previous 12 months were screened. From June 1, 1982, to June 30, 1984, 28 of the 649 patients (4.3%) screened on admission to the Royal Perth Hospital were found to be harbouring MRSA. During the same period only one of the 468 persons (0.2%) screened on application for employment at the Hospital was found to be colonized with MRSA. Since the policy of screening new patients and staff from hospitals outside Western Australia was introduced, no serious outbreak of MRSA has occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Chlamydial endocarditis.

Echocardiographic diagnosis of a case of endocarditis, subsequently proven to be due to a chlamydial organism, is described. Early echocardiographic diagnosis guided initial medical management and directed urgent surgical intervention when the patient deteriorated. Reported cases of chlamydial endocarditis are reviewed.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

"Australian" methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a London hospital?

The Royal Free Hospital in London has experienced the spread of a phage 85 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). An analysis of a sample has demonstrated that the plasmids carried by these strains, and the type and location of their drug-resistance determinants, are similar to those of MRSA strains which have been causing problems in some Australian hospitals.

Australia↗
PubMed1984

Genetic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a Western Australian hospital.

The isolates from an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Royal Perth Hospital (RPH) during a 3 month period in 1982 have been compared genetically with MRSAs isolated at the same hospital during 1969-1973. The 1982 isolates are genetically similar to isolates from eastern Australia and appear to have been introduced by a patient transferred from a hospital in another Australian state. Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus isolated during 1969-1973 were genetically distinguishable from the 1982 isolates but were similar to strains reported from elsewhere in the world during these years. This indicates that the MRSA strains currently prevalent in Australia are either a new type or are related to previous MRSAs but have undergone considerable genetic change. These results give further support to suggestions that the strains of MRSA currently being isolated in Australian hospitals have special properties which have facilitated their spread.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

The value of kanamycin-colistin bladder instillations in reducing bacteriuria during intermittent catheterisation of patients with acute spinal cord injury.

Two groups of patients with acute spinal cord trauma had initial bladder management by standard non-touch techniques of intermittent catheterisation. Twenty-two patients (17 males and 5 females) had kanamycin-colistin solution instilled into the bladder at the end of each catheterisation, and 25 patients (21 males and 4 females) were not given these instillations. The incidence of significant bacteriuria during intermittent catheterisation of both males and females receiving the instillations was only half the incidence of those not receiving the instillations. Also, a significantly higher proportion of males receiving the instillations did not have any episodes of significant bacteriuria compared with those not receiving the instillations, and the same trend was evident in the small number of female patients. It is recommended that patients should have kanamycin-colistin bladder instillations when they are being intermittently catheterised.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Comparative in-vitro activity of ticarcillin and carbenicillin against 100 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The in-vitro activity of ticarcillin was found to be greater than that of carbenicillin against 97 out of 100 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which were recently isolated from clinical specimens at the Royal Perth Hospital complex. These results indicate that ticarcillin should be considered for use in place of carbenicillin for treating infections caused by P. aeruginosa.

Carbenicillin↗
PubMed1978

The antimicrobial activity of urine of paraplegic patients receiving methenamine mandelate.

The antimicrobial activity of urine collected from adult male paraplegics ingesting methenamine mandelate (MM) was evaluated. The in vitro bacterial growth in urine from these patients was inhibited when the free formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration was 10 to 22 microgram per ml. When the HCHO concentration was in the region of 28 microgram per ml or greater, bactericidal effect became apparent. Urine containing 1323 microgram of MM per ml with a pH of 5.9 when freshly voided had sufficient HCHO to be bacteriostatic. Urine containing at least 1740 microgram of MM per ml with a pH of 5.1 or less when freshly voided was bactericidal. The latter concentration of MM in urine was usually achieved when the patient ingested 4 g of MM per day in divided doses and the intake of fluid was not excessive. Under some circumstances an individual receiving MM without an additional acidifying agent may produce urine with a pH low enough to release sufficient HCHO to exert a useful antibacterial effect. However, supplementary acidification with ammonium chloride produced marked lowering of the urinary pH in all patients receiving MM, resulting in bactericidal levels of HCHO.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The catheter team: an essential service for rehabilitating neurogenic bladders.

A carefully controlled programme of intermittent catheterization provides substantially better care of the bladder than indwelling catheters during the initial period after acute spinal cord injury. It is very difficult to maintain a programme of intermittent catheterization around the clock without a small team of nursing personnel highly skilled in the technique of aseptic catheterization. the practical details of setting up a catheter team are described. Some of the results that have been associated with the establishment of such a team at the Rehabilitation Branch of the Royal Perth Hospital are presented.

Bacteriuria↗