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Biomedical subjects

J W Miller

Publications and source records attributed to J W Miller.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the pediatric patient for liver transplantation.

In a 36-month period from 1981 to 1984, 209 pediatric patients were evaluated for liver transplantation. The purpose of the evaluation was to assess the severity and progression of the disease, anatomical suitability for transplantation, and psychosocial stability and to initiate family education. Of the 209 patients evaluated, 85 (41%) underwent transplantations and 64 (75%) survived at least 12 months. Thirty-four (16%) patients were not considered candidates for transplantation. The mean waiting period increased from 80.3 days to 232 days. Of 174 patients considered for transplantation, 41 (24%) died prior to surgery. A formal evaluation for liver transplantation permitted appropriate selection of candidates and provided education for informed consent. We also stress the need for greater participation in pediatric organ donation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Accidental hypothermia: a survivor of 12 episodes.

Accidental hypothermia is defined as an environmentally induced reduction of the core body temperature to 35 degrees C or below, where there is no primary endocrine or preoptic anterior hypothalmic dysfunction. We report a survivor of 12 episodes of accidental hypothermia. A comparison of his rewarming rates with passive external versus active core rewarming by inhalation of heated humidified oxygen via nasotracheal tube is provided. Multiple predisposing factors contributed to the repeated episodes of hypothermia. Anatomic causes of repeated nonaccidental hypothermia were excluded.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1983

Structural and biological characteristics of connective tissue activating peptide (CTAP-III), a major human platelet-derived growth factor.

Connective tissue activating peptides (CTAPs) extracted from leukocytes and platelets stimulate glycolysis and synthesis of glycosaminoglycan and DNA in cultured human connective tissue cells. CTAP-III, isolated from fresh or outdated human platelets, is a low molecular weight single-chain protein with an isoelectric point of 8.5 that markedly stimulates DNA synthesis and multiple aspects of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan metabolism. This report presents a definitive comparison of CTAP-III prepared by two methods [one designated (A), alternative] with similar platelet proteins described by others, beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and low-affinity platelet factor 4 (LA-PF-4). CTAP-III, CTAP-III(A), LA-PF-4, and beta-TG have common antigenic determinants documented by immunoprecipitation and radioimmunoassay. CTAP-III, CTAP-III(A), and LA-PF-4 are biologically active in that they stimulate DNA and glycosaminoglycan synthesis by human synovial cells; beta-TG is inactive. Carboxyl-terminal digestion gave identical terminal sequences for CTAP-III, CTAP-III(A), and beta-TG. Amino-terminal sequence data indicate that CTAP-III and CTAP-III(A) (also LA-PF-4) are identical and differ from beta-TG only by an additional amino-terminal tetrapeptide (Asn-Leu-Ala-Lys-). The biologically active molecule, CTAP-III, may be proteolytically converted to its inactive degradation product (beta-TG) in the course of platelet aging, platelet storage, release from the platelets, or initiation of biological activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Recommendations on administratively required dental radiographs.

The FDA recommendation on administratively required dental X-ray examinations states a principle that has been frequently endorsed by the American Dental Association. This recommendation, developed through a formal review process, reflects the views of dentists, educators, insurance carriers, professional societies, and other interested health professionals. Simply stated, it urges dentists to perform only X-ray examinations that are necessary for the patient's immediate dental needs. Dentists and others are urged to refer to this recommendation when presented with requests for radiographs considered unnecessary for patient care.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Connective tissue activation XXVI: IgG stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in human synovial cultures.

Substances known to enhance synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in human synovial fibroblast cultures include "Connective Tissue Activating Peptides" (CTAP) isolated from certain organs, leukocytes and platelets as well as cyclic AMP and specific prostaglandins. This report shows that immunoglobulin G (IgG) isolated from 7 mammalian sources, including human, stimulated GAG production by human synovial cultures 3 to 18 fold. IgG generally did not stimulate DNA synthesis by human synovial fibroblasts as determined by [3H]-thymidine uptake. On a molar basis, IgG had a specific activity similar to that of CTAP-Ib(spleen) and CTAP-III (platelets). Normal human plasma levels of IgG may be sufficient to provide additional stimulus for activation of synovial connective tissue during the inflammatory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Role of fetal oxytocin in parturition in the rat.

The oxytocin (OT) content of pituitary glands from neonatal rats was reduced by parturition, indicating possible release from fetal glands during labor. The content of fetal glands fell from 2.5 ng/gland in utero to 1 ng/gland immediately after birth. Rabbit serum antibodies against OT were administered to pregnant or fetal rats preceding parturition or to lactating rats on Day 10 of lactation. Antibody administration to lactating rats resulted in a decrease in weight gain of suckling pups, indicating that OT was bound by antibody. Administration of OT antibody to pregnant rats had no effect on the duration of gestation while injection into fetal pups resulted in an 18 h increase in the mean duration of gestation compared to sham-injected controls. These studies indicate that fetal OT might have a role in initiating parturition in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Disabled readers: their intellectual and perceptual capacities at differing ages.

To investigate the multiple relationships between selected measures of intelligence and perception and reading achievement a group of young, poor readers (MCA = 8.4 yr.) and a group of older, poor readers (MCA = 11.2 yr.) were given the Gates-MacGinitie Achievement Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Slosson Intelligence Test, Spatial Orientation Memory Test, and Auditory Discrimination Test. The combination of the four predictor variables accounted for a significant amount of the variance in reading vocabulary and comprehension for youngest and older poor readers. Greater variance was accounted for in the reading achievement of younger students than of older students. Perceptual abilities related more strongly for younger students, while intelligence related more strongly for older students. Questions are raised about the validity of using expectancy formulae with younger disabled readers and the "learning disabilities" approach with older disabled readers.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Extensive abdominal lymphadenopathy in sarcoidosis.

A case of sarcoidosis with minimal pulmonary findings and extensive abdominal lymphadenopathy is presented. As radiologists continue to examine the abdomen with the newer diagnostic modalities of computed tomography and ultrasound, they may find that abdominal nodal involvement in sarcoidosis is more common than currently recognized.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Ventricular septal defect following blunt chest trauma.

We present the case of a patient with traumatic ventricular septal defects following blunt chest trauma. The pathophysiology and clinical presentation of the lesion are discussed. Definitive diagnostic procedures should be performed immediately in patients with suggestive findings to establish the diagnosis and to determine the magnitude of the shunt and the presence of pulmonary hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Urban accidental hypothermia: 135 cases.

We retrospectively reviewed 135 presentations (114 patients) of urban hypothermia treated at the discretion of the emergency department staff over a nine-year period from February 1971 to March 1980. Rewarming treatment options included passive external, active external, and heated oxygen aerosol administered by mask or intubation. The rates of rewarming were statistically similar for passive external (0.71 C/hr) and heated aerosol via mask (0.74 C/hr). The rate of rewarming for active external methods was 0.90 C/hr. Heated oxygen aerosol using intubation rewarmed the patient at a significantly greater rate than the passive external method (1.22 C/hr) (P < 0.01). The overall mortality rate for the series was 11.9%, but 47.9% when serious underlying disease was present. Individual mortality rates were 64.3% for active external (9/14), 7.67% for active core with a mask (1/13), 5.2% for passive external (4/68), and 5.0% for active core with a nasotracheal tube (2/40). Active core rewarming using intubation was selected more frequently with moderate and severe hypothermia (P < 0.001). The group of survivors had a higher mean arrival temperature (31.33 C) than did the non-survivors (27.55 C) (P = 0.01). Active core rewarming with heated aerosolized oygen via nasotraheal tube is a safe technique for the rapid rewarming of selected hypothermic patients. The arrival temperature and the presence of serious underlying disease, in addition to the method of rewarming, appear to be major determinants of prognosis.

Aerosols↗