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Biomedical subjects

J W Kulig

Publications and source records attributed to J W Kulig.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Adolescent contraception: nonhormonal methods.

A comparison of the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of each method is presented in Table 1. Barrier methods of contraception offer adolescents protection against both pregnancy and STDs, but innovative approaches are needed to enhance availability and acceptability. Condom use in conjunction with a vaginal spermicide would provide optimal protection. The "female condom" may prove to be an effective alternative. Diaphragms and cervical caps can be prescribed for well-educated, highly motivated adolescents comfortable with insertion and removal. The vaginal contraceptive sponge provides many of the advantages of the diaphragm and cap without the need for an examination and fitting and also may be used as a backup method with the condom. Vaginal spermicides used alone are significantly less effective than in combination with a mechanical barrier. The IUD is not considered appropriate for most adolescents due to its association with an increased risk of pelvic infection. Periodic abstinence requires accurate identification of the fertile period, extensive education, and partner cooperation. Sterilization is rarely considered an option in adolescents. Alternate forms of sexual expression are available to adolescents who choose to abstain from intercourse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Teenagers, physicians, and the law in New England.

Physicians who treat teenagers are often unclear about the teenagers' legal rights and their own legal responsibility and liability. While laws may vary from state to state, certain doctrines are uniformly applicable: confidentiality, emergency treatment, and the right of the "mature minor" to consent to his or her own medical treatment. In this article, the laws pertaining to adolescent health care in the six New England states are reviewed. Guidelines for practitioners are given.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1985

Adolescent contraception: an update.

Increased adolescent sexual activity in the past decade has resulted in corresponding increases in pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion, as well as a changing spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases. Contraceptive use in this age group remains limited and is subject to developmental, peer, family, and cultural influences. The most appropriate contraceptive methods may differ among adolescents when compared with older parous women based upon such factors as efficacy, availability, cost, side effects, reversibility, and the need for preplanning. This review updates changes in patterns of contraceptive use among adolescents, presents recent data on both the benefits and the potential risks of the oral contraceptive pill, and addresses the risk of complications with the intrauterine device. The possible teratogenicity of spermicides, the risk of toxic shock syndrome with barrier methods of contraception, and controversy about the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate are explored. Newly introduced methods such as the triphasic pill, vaginal sponge, cervical cap, spermicidal condom, and a simplified approach to postcoital contraception are discussed. Finally, recent compliance studies conducted among adolescents are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Developmental changes in auditory temporal perception.

Infants, preschoolers, and adults were tested to determine the shortest time interval at which they would respond to the precedence effect--an auditory phenomenon produced by presenting the same sound through 2 loudspeakers with the input to 1 loudspeaker delayed relative to the other. The delayed sound is not localized at its source until time delays between onsets are lengthened beyond a critical limit, or threshold. Thresholds for the precedence effect were defined as the delay interval below which listeners respond only to the leading loudspeaker and above which they respond to both loudspeakers. Threshold estimates were determined for adults and preschoolers with an ascending and descending series, followed by a method of constant stimuli series. Infants were trained to respond to the delayed sound using a visually reinforced headturning procedure. For clicks, preschoolers' and adults' thresholds were around 12 msec, while 6-month-olds stopped responding to the delayed sound around 25 msec. A similar developmental difference in threshold was expressed between preschoolers and adults for a more complex sound, with younger subjects hearing the precedence effect over a longer time delay.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in the adolescent male.

Sporadic cases of anorexia nervosa in the male patient have been described. We present three cases of weight loss in adolescent males. The first is a typical case of primary anorexia nervosa. The second illustrates weight loss in the competitive adolescent athlete. The third was mistakenly thought to have primary anorexia nervosa. At autopsy, he had regional enteritis. These patients are compared to call attention to the differential diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in the adolescent male.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Newborns' orientation toward sound: possible implications for cortical development.

The precedence effect is an auditory illusion produced by presenting the same signal through 2 loudspeakers, with 1 leading the other by several milliseconds. Adults perceive a sound localized exclusively on the leading side and directionally equivalent to a single source sound. Because the precedence effect is thought to involve cortical functions, newborns were expected not to respond with directional head turning toward these sounds. Newborns were presented with a tape-recorded rattle sound produced in 3 ways: through a single loudspeaker located right or left, through both loudspeakers with 1 onset leading the other by 7 msec, and control stimuli in which both loudspeakers sounded simultaneously, resulting in an apparent center location of the sound. Newborns turned toward the single source sound, but neither to precedence effect stimuli nor control stimuli. These results were related to maturation of the auditory cortex.

Auditory Cortex↗
PubMed1980

Experience with the copper 7 intrauterine device in an adolescent population.

A retrospective study was conducted of 120 consecutive patients who received a Cu-7 IUD at the Cincinnati Adolescent Clinic during a four-year period from July, 1974, through June, 1978. Follow-up was obtained in 116 (97%) of the initial patient population. Mean age at initial Cu-7 insertion was 16.8 years; 81% of the patients were nulliparous. An experience of 149.7 women years was accumulated; the pregnancy rate at the conclusion of the study was 2.0/100 women years. Continuation rate was 83% at six months, 70% at 12 months, 49% at 24 months, and 39% at 36 months. Patient expulsion rate was 18% overall, with a total of 17 expulsion events/100 woman years. Subjective satisfaction with the IUD as a contraceptive method was expressed by 72% of these patients. The Cu-7 has proven to be a safe, effective, well-tolerated contraceptive method in the adolescent female.

Adolescent↗