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Biomedical subjects

J W Jacobson

Publications and source records attributed to J W Jacobson.

58 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
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Who is treated using restrictive behavioral procedures? A population perspective.

Considerable controversy surrounds the continued use of restrictive behavioral procedures in the treatment of destructive behaviors, such as self-injury, aggression, and property damage, displayed by some people with mental retardation. This study reports on the extent that pharmacological and behavioral consequences occur in response to these behaviors within a population of 31,000 people in one state's developmental services system. Data on these individuals are analyzed to determine the degree to which intellectual level, residential setting type, type and extent of problem behaviors, and age are related to the prescriptive use of pharmacologic and behavioral consequences. These variables appear to bear a significant relationship on the extent to which consequences are applied as part of treatment. Furthermore, although pharmacologic and several behavior consequences are applied at similar rates, it was found that generally timeout, as a specific treatment procedure, was applied at rates considerably less than those for psychoactive medication in each population sub-group that was examined.

Adult↗
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Evaluating facilitated communications of people with developmental disabilities.

A quasi-experimental message-passing procedure was used to assess the validity of the facilitated communication (FC) by people with autism and mental retardation or with mental retardation. The 23 participants were classified as having intellectual skills within the range of severe to profound mental retardation. Message-passing consisted of showing and verbally labeling a picture of a familiar object with the facilitator absent, and subsequent facilitation to generate a label or description of the object. Three-trial blocks were conducted with each participant on two different days. Blocks were conducted in the participants' normal FC setting, with their facilitators of choice, and no special apparatus was used. No participant was able to accurately label or describe the object shown to them with facilitation. Possible reasons for findings set forth by proponents of FC and findings from the emerging quantitative literature on FC are considered.

Adult↗