The inflammatory response to anaphylaxis and intravenous antibody or antigen.
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Anaphylaxis↗
Biomedical subjects
J W Irwin
Publications and source records attributed to J W Irwin.
The inflammatory response to endotoxin.
A typical inflammatory response resulted from the intravenous injection of endotoxin (E. coli) into living rabbits. Each rabbit was studied at three levels: the microvasculature and supporting tissue in the ear chamber was observed microscopically (up to X200) before, during, and at regular intervals following the injection of endotoxin; leucocyte and platelet counts were made periodically throughout each experiment; and tissue samples for histological study were obtained from each rabbit prior to death. The animal was anaesthetised before histological samples were secured. Within minutes after the intravenous injection of endotoxin, leucocytes were observed sticking to the endothelial cells lining the venules and the arterioles. Emboli appeared in the microcirculation within 10 min. Swelling of the microvascular endothelial cells was evident at 1 hr; oedema and extravasation of the cellular elements followed. The rectal temperature and leucocyte and platelet counts all fell within 10 min. of endotoxin. Histological examination of tissue from the ear chamber and visceral organs showed inflammatory changes. Congestion of the microvasculature, swelling of the endothelial cells, and margination and migration of neutrophils were common histological features in all organs. The earliest cells affected appeared to be the leukocyte and platelet.
Animals↗
Penetrating injuries of the popliteal artery.
Military experience has consistently emphasized the unacceptably high amputation rate associated with popliteal arterial trauma. In this group of patients there were 23 arterial injuries and 26 injuries involving both an artery and a vein. The loss of only 5 limbs in this series was directly related to the policy of repair of the artery by both single segment vein grafts and by 'panel' grafts. Panel grafts are prepared by removing the long saphenous vein at ankle level, splitting it longitudinally and then dividing it transversely at the midpoint. The two segments of vein are placed side by side and sutured along each side, a no. 14 or 16 Ch. Foley catheter being used as a stent. Fasciotomy, carried out at an early stage in the postoperative course, and prompt re-exploration of repair sites when suspicion arose as to the effectiveness of limb circulation, were also major factors in establishing a successful outcome in so many patients.
Amputation, Surgical↗
Disodium cromoglycate in anaphylaxis and pollinois.
Because disodium cromoglycate is being used in treating the symptoms of allergic patients and its mode of action remains uncertain, morphological experiments were conducted in an attempt to further elucidate this compound's mode of action. Rabbits with an ear chamber underwent anaphylaxis, lethal or sublethal, with microscopic observations of the microcirculation during anaphylaxis. At death or a chosen interval tissue of the ear chamber was secured for histological examination. The mast cells and the state of their granules were counted for each section. In no instance did disodium cromoglycate have any effect in preventing the gross or microscopic changes and disodium cromoglycate did not protect mast cells in passive anaphylaxis. The nasal mucosa of a subject sensitive to ragweed pollen was exposed to ragweed pollen in a non-pollen season and the gross symptoms of hay fever were noted. When the nasal mucosa was pre-treated with disodium cromoglycate, however, no symptoms were observed and biopsies of nasal mucosa showed more normal mast cells and fewer degranulated mast cells.
Anaphylaxis↗
Mast cells in allergy.
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Cromolyn Sodium↗