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Biomedical subjects

J W Huffman

Publications and source records attributed to J W Huffman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Pharmacological characterization of three novel cannabinoid receptor agonists in the mouse isolated vas deferens.

The novel compounds, 1-pentyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole and 1-heptyl-3-(1-naphthoy)indole, produced a dose-related inhibition of electrically evoked contractions of the mouse vas deferens, with IC50 values of 2.56 nM, 3.38 nM and 639 nM respectively. Kd values of the selective CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, SR141716A [N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-me thyl-1 H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride], determined in the vas deferens from experiments with these compounds are 1.34 nM, 3.86 nM and 8.06 nM respectively, indicating their susceptibility to antagonism by SR141716A is similar to that of their parent compound, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 ¿(R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[4-methylino)methyl]pyrrolo-[1,2, 3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl](1-naphthyl)methanone}. SR141716A (100 nM) had no effect on the actions of two non-cannabinoid receptor agonists, morphine and clonidine. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that 1-pentyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole and 1-heptyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole are cannabinoid receptor agonists and confirm that the WIN 55,212-2 molecule can be modified considerably without detectable loss of cannabinoid activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Variation of the alkyl side chain in delta 8-THC.

The synthesis of (2'RS)-2'-methyl-, (3'RS)-, (3'S)-3'-methyl-, and 4'-methyl-delta 8-THC has been carried out, and the pharmacology of all four compounds has been investigated. All four compounds showed typical cannabinoid activity both in vitro and in vivo. The 2'-methyl compound is somewhat more active than delta 8-THC, while the 4'-methyl isomer is less active. The 3'-methyl-delta 8-THC has approximately the same activity as the parent cannabinoid.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacological specificity of the discriminative stimulus effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rhesus monkeys.

delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) discrimination has been used as an animal model of cannabis intoxication in humans. While numerous studies have examined the discriminative stimulus effects of cannabinoids in rats and pigeons, studies with monkeys have been rare. In the present study, rhesus monkeys, trained to discriminate delta 9-THC from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination procedure, were tested with a variety of psychoactive drugs, including cannabinoids as well as drugs from other classes. Results showed that delta 9-THC discrimination showed pharmacological specificity, in that none of the non-cannabinoid drugs fully substituted for delta 9-THC. In contrast, the classical cannabinoids, delta 9-THC and delta 8-THC, and the novel cannabinoids, WIN 55212-2 and 1-butyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, produced full dose-dependent substitution for delta 9-THC in all monkeys. A heptyl indole derivative failed to substitute for delta 9-THC, but it also did not displace [3H] CP 55940 from its binding site. These findings are consistent with those of previous cannabinoid discrimination studies with rats and suggest that results of delta 9-THC discrimination studies in rhesus monkeys may be predictive of the subjective effects of cannabinoid drugs in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Synthetic studies toward 9-keto-cannabinoids.

9-Keto-cannabinoid methyl ether, the precursor for many cannabinoid metabolites and analogues, was prepared from (+)-apoverbenone in 5 steps. This synthesis includes the condensation of apoverbenone with aryllithium followed by oxidation, hydrolysis of the MOM ether, acid-catalyzed cyclization, and metal ammonia reduction.

Dronabinol↗
PubMed1985

Delayed female sexual maturation. How to approach differential diagnosis.

Delayed sexual development is present when an adolescent girl fails to experience, at an age that is beyond the average for her peers, those pubertal events that are indexes of gonadal function. Adolescent girls whose sexual development is delayed can be divided into three groups: (1) those who have not menstruated but have well-developed secondary sexual characteristics, indicating that they have a functioning hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian mechanism, (2) those with poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics whose hypothalamus and pituitary are functional but who have ovarian failure, as indicated by high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism), and (3) those with poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics whose normal ovaries are not functioning because of a hypothalamic or pituitary disorder, as indicated by low or low normal serum FSH/LH levels (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). There are, in addition, individuals with a female habitus and external female genitalia who were reared as females but have an XY karyotype and come to the physician with a complaint of delayed female sexual maturation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Dyspareunia of vulvo-vaginal origin. Causes and management.

Difficult or painful coitus is a symptom, not a pathologic entity. It may be caused by a congenital anomaly, an organic lesion, or a functional disorder of the vulva or vagina, or it may be psychic in origin. Although its cause can usually be determined relatively easily, a conditioned reflex created by a preexisting organic lesion, an anatomic malformation, or a deep-seated psychogenic problem producing fear of or aversion to sexual contact may tax the examiner's diagnostic ability. Reassurance, sexual counseling, deconditioning by vaginal dilation, and psychotherapy help most patients overcome dyspareunia. Surgery for the correction of congenital anomalies or the removal of organic lesions is sometimes required, but diligent evaluation to exclude a psychogenic factor for dyspareunia is first advisable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic disorders in elderly patients.

Elderly women can develop any of the gynecologic disorders that occur prior to the menopause. They also experience some genital problems that are, for the most part, peculiar to their age. They should, therefore, receive periodic examinations, including tests for cancer, just as they did when they were younger. Many of their distressing symptoms, particularly those caused by hypoestrogenism, minor vulvar diseases, the vulvar dystrophies, stress incontinence, and relaxations of the pelvic musculofascial tissues, can be either alleviated or cured by appropriate treatment. Some of those who are still sexually active or who would like to be will be helped by counseling. With good care, given by one who appreciates their special need for understanding, gentleness, and patience, most of the genital disorders that affect elderly women can be diagnosed and treated in such a fashion that these patients, if not otherwise disabled, can lead relatively active lives.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Gynecologic disorders in the geriatric patient.

The woman past 65 years of age is as much in need of periodic gynecologic examinations and the ancillary tests used to diagnose early genital cancer as her premenopausal counterpart. Many gynecologic ills peculiar to the geriatric patient result from the tissue shrinkage that follows menopausal loss of estrogen secretion. Some of the resulting distress can be relieved by local estrogen or androgen therapy. A number of minor vulvar and vaginal disorders may appear with advancing age, often causing the patient discomfort and worry until she is reassured that they are benign. The incidence of some genital neoplasms declines after menopause, but several others--notably vulvar, vaginal, and endometrial carcinoma--actually increase in incidence as patients become older. Geriatric gynecology is not a separate discipline, but older women with genital disorders are a special group of people. Many are very old; some are sick. They are easily worried and frightened. They need not only awareness of their problems but also kindness, tact, gentleness, and thoughtfulness, all of which should be natural attributes of a physician.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Counseling the menopausal patient.

The menopausal patient needs someone in whom she has confidence--preferably her family physician or obstetrician-gynecologist--to take the time to explain the changes of menopause, answer questions, and allay fears. Misconceptions concerning physical, emotional, and sexual effects should be corrected, and the advantages and disadvantages of hormone therapy should be discussed. Sympathetic counseling and proper medical supervision can guide women comfortably through the troubled waters of the menopause and into the safe harbor of the postmenopausal years.

Contraception↗
PubMed1978

Gonorrhea: unmasking asymptomatic or atypical infection.

Diagnosing a typical case of gonorrhea presents no problem. However, because of the large number of asymptomatic female carriers of the disease, it is mandatory that most sexually active women have routine cultures of urethral and cervical specimens for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The possibility of gonorrheal infection in the anal canal and, in some cases, the oropharynx must also be considered.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1977

Premenarchal vulvovaginitis.

The general subject of premenarchal vulvovaginitis has been reviewed. Vulvovaginal inflammations and infections in the premenarchal child are caused by a large number of etiologic agents. The symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common of these, namely, nonspecific infections, specific nongonorrheal infections, gonorrhea, protozoal infestations, helminthiasis, mycotic infections, and inflammations due to physical, chemical, and allergenic agents, have been discussed. Reference has been made not only to the older literature but also to some of the pertinent reports published during the last 10 years.

Bacterial Infections↗