Biomedical subjects

J W Grice

Publications and source records attributed to J W Grice.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Ethical beliefs of mental-health professionals and undergraduates regarding therapist practices.

Psychotherapists should be aware of any discrepancies of opinion between themselves and those outside the mental-health profession regarding the ethicality of therapist actions. In this study, the beliefs of mental-health professionals and nonprofessionals (represented by undergraduate students) regarding the ethicality of therapist behaviors were compared. Factor analysis of 82 specific therapist behaviors yielded three factors: nonsexual dual relationships, assertive or discomforting therapist actions, and sexual dual relationships. A comparison of factor composite scores indicated that undergraduates, in relation to professionals, rated nonsexual dual relationships as more ethical and assertive or discomforting actions as less ethical. Although these effects may diminish with age, these results nonetheless suggest that mental-health professionals may hold ethical beliefs that are inconsistent with those who seek their services. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

A comparison of factor scores under conditions of factor obliquity.

Six different methods of computing factor scores were investigated in a simulation study. Population scores created from oblique factor patterns selected from the psychological literature served as the bases for the simulations, and the stability of the different methods was assessed through cross-validation in a subject-sampling model. Results from 5 evaluative criteria indicated that a simplified, unit-weighting procedure based on the factor score coefficients was generally superior to several unit-weighting procedures based on the pattern or structure coefficients. This simplified method of computing factor scores also compared favorably with an exact-weighting scheme based on the full factor score coefficient matrix. Results are discussed with regard to their potential impact on current practice, and several recommendations are offered.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed2001

Computing and evaluating factor scores.

A variety of methods for computing factor scores can be found in the psychological literature. These methods grew out of a historic debate regarding the indeterminate nature of the common factor model. Unfortunately, most researchers are unaware of the indeterminacy issue and the problems associated with a number of the factor scoring procedures. This article reviews the history and nature of factor score indeterminacy. Novel computer programs for assessing the degree of indeterminacy in a given analysis, as well as for computing and evaluating different types of factor scores, are then presented and demonstrated using data from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition. It is argued that factor score indeterminacy should be routinely assessed and reported as part of any exploratory factor analysis and that factor scores should be thoroughly evaluated before they are reported or used in subsequent statistical analyses.

Child↗

PubMed1993

Effects of aging on planning and implementing arm movements.

In Experiments 1 and 2, aiming movements were performed with and without visual feedback in young and elderly adults. The initial (acceleration and deceleration phases) and secondary movement components were analyzed. Although deceleration phase accuracy decreased without visual feedback in both age groups, accuracy diminished as movement amplitude increased only in the elderly. This suggested that the elderly were more dependent on visual feedback to modify motor programs for longer duration movements. Velocity also increased less with increasing amplitude and target size in the elderly, which was related to impaired preprogramming (acceleration phase) and implementation (deceleration phase) of higher forces. This conclusion was confirmed directly in Experiment 2 because only the deceleration phase was affected by the removal of visual feedback of arm position when availability of visual information could not be predicted before movement.

Adult↗